though it followed a downward 
trend 
of 
funding, 
it 
was 

much more significant than 
previous years. Michigan State 
University, which saw a 23.7 
percent decrease as a result of 
the cut and is still 7.9 percent 
below 2010 levels, has shifted 
funding resources, aiming to 
raise more of its operating 
budget through sources like 
increased tuition and donations. 
At the University, the 2011 cuts 
resulted in a series of changes, 
including the closing of the 
Center for Ethics in Public Life 
and offering several smaller 
classes, along with a 6.7 percent 
tuition increase. It was also 
accompanied by a similar push 
in fundraising. In November 
2013, the University launched 
the 
Victors 
for 
Michigan 

campaign 
— 
the 
largest 

fundraising campaign for any 
university at the time — with 
an overall goal of $4 billion, $1 
billion of which is specifically 
set aside for student financial 
support.

In an interview on Feb. 

15, Cynthia Wilbanks, vice 
president 
of 
government 

relations for the University, 
noted that despite remaining 
below 2011 funding, the amount 
the University receives is still 
high by comparison, as it’s 
allocated 21 percent of the total 
higher education funding in 
Snyder’s budget proposal.

“It’s important to keep in 

mind that of the $61 million 
that has been recommended 
by the governor, the University 
of 
Michigan 
will 
receive 

21 percent,” she said. “The 
percentages mask the resources 
that actually are being provided 

to the University, so from my 
perspective 21 percent of $61 
million is a good outcome.”

State Rep. Jeff Irwin (D–Ann 

Arbor) said he does not believe 
the state’s largest institution 
should still have funding below 
2010 levels, but added that he is 
glad to see overall progress in 
increasing funding.

“Our flagship institution is 

going to be below where they 
were when the governor took 
over,” he said. “I’m happy about 
the increase — it is moving in 
the right direction. I was happy 
when I found out it was going to 
be back from the cuts in 2011, 
but I found out that wasn’t true. 
There are certain institutions 
that are not being treated as 
well as the others.”

Speaking to previous year’s 

increases, 
Zemke 
said 
he 

thought they were too low to 
compensate for inflation, also 
noting that higher education 
funding 
rates 
could 
have 

bigger impacts on the economy 
because 
of 
student 
debt 

burdens.

“The 
increase 
last 
year 

was very small, I don’t even 
think it amounted to the rate 
of inflation,” he said. “I don’t 
think we are putting enough 
money in higher ed. Student 
debt is stymieing our economy 
— 
everybody 
acknowledges 

this.”

Along with the changing 

levels of funding, over the past 
several years, state increases 
in funding have also come 
with new performance-based 
stipulations, based on a number 
of categories such as graduation 
rate as well as a requirement 
that institutions cap tuition 
increases for the year at a 
certain 
percentage 
point. 

This year’s funding increase 

was paired with a 4.8 percent 
tuition increase cap for every 
institution.

In the past, the University 

has not supported any sort of 
tuition caps correlating with 
funding increases, saying they 
believed decisions about how 
to fund the University should 

be made internally. However, 
it has kept within them, unlike 
several 
other 
institutions.

The University’s most recent 
increase last year of 2.7 percent 
was under the 3.2 percent state 
increase cap and correlated 
with a 5.9 percent funding 
increase for the University.

Wilbanks said it was too 

soon to project how this year’s 
funding increase would interact 
with the University’s financial 
model, such as tuition.

The 
budget 
won’t 
be 

finalized until it’s voted on by 
the state House and Senate, a 
process that typically doesn’t 

occur until the summer and 
during which numbers can 
often change.

“I would say that it is too early 

to make any kind of projection 
as to what the University is 
going to do in regard to a tuition 
increase,” Wilbanks said. 

3-News

The Michigan Daily — michigandaily.com
News 
Thursday, March 10, 2016 — 3A

turnout strongly aided Sanders’ 
victory in Michigan.

“I would definitely say that 

students helped Sanders’ cause in 
Michigan,” he said. “In most states 
we’ve seen Sanders perform well 
in, students have been taking to the 
polls to make their opinion heard.”

Shipan said youth turnout is 

historically lower because many 
young people are not registered 
to vote. However, when they 
are registered in equal numbers 
to other age groups, turnout is 
approximately the same, he said.

Since the beginning of the year, 

several 
student 
organizations 

have launched large efforts to 
encourage registration, including 
the 
University’s 
chapter 
of 

College Democrats and Central 
Student Government, with voter 
registration booths across campus. 
On election day, the groups — both 
of which don’t endorse specific 
candidates in the primary — also 
distributed information on polling 
locations and encouraged students 
to go vote.

Shipan said this sort of activity 

would largely benefit Sanders, 
given the portion of the youth vote 
he typically earns.

“There’s no doubt that it helps,” 

he said. “Given that Sanders draws 
a lot of support from young voters, 
any effort in general to increase 
student awareness of how to vote 
and how to register is going to help 
him disproportionately.”

Another component to Sanders’ 

victory was his overwhelming 
support 
among 
independents 

— CNN exit polls showed him 
winning 71 percent of independent 
voters.

Michigan has an open primary 

system, meaning individuals can 
vote in a party’s primary without 
needing to be registered with that 
party.

Shipan said that system likely 

benefitted Sanders, noting that 
many Democrats who would have 
supported Clinton may have felt 
confident that she would win based 
on the polling numbers and instead 
voted in the Republican primary in 
opposition to frontrunner Donald 
Trump.

In polls leading up to Tuesday’s 

vote, Clinton was projected to take 
the state by over 20 points.

“I suspect that the extent that 

there were Democrats who crossed 
over to vote in the Republican 
primary as an anti-Trump vote, 
Clinton lost more people than 
Sanders did,” he said. “The open 
primary aspect benefitted him.”

Sanders also did well among 

Black 
voters 
in 
Michigan 

compared to previous primaries, 
competing roughly at a 2:1 margin 
with Clinton in Michigan and 
decreasing leads in counties she 
was expected to win handily, such 
as Wayne County. The breakdown 
of voters was a significant contrast 
to Clinton’s win in Mississippi the 
same night, where she captured 89 
percent of the Black vote according 
to exit polling.

Shipan said Sanders’ improved 

performance among Black voters 
was one factor in why the polls 
were wrong, with voters who were 
predicted to go for Clinton sticking 
with the senator instead.

“He didn’t do great, but he 

did far better than anywhere in 
the South,” he said. “That has 
previously provided (Clinton) with 
a huge margin of victory in states 
with a large Black population, but 
not to the same extent.”

Kolenda 
said 
he 
thought 

Sanders’ record on trade policies 

like the North American Free 
Trade Agreement, instituted under 
President Bill Clinton, were a major 
player in his success.

Sanders has repeatedly come out 

against various free-trade policies, 
arguing that they negatively impact 
blue-collar workers, a demographic 
prevalent in the state of Michigan.

Clinton 
has 
responded 
to 

Sanders’ claims by citing her 
decision to vote against a trade pact 
while serving as senator, the only 
trade agreement to be put to a vote 
during her term. 

Kolenda said these types of 

workers are largely impacted by 
Sanders’ strong stance on this 
issue, noting that they may have 
helped combat a predicted drop 
in young voter turnout from many 
college campuses being on Spring 
Break Tuesday.

“Blue 
collar 
workers 
of 

Michigan have not forgotten that,” 
he said. “This factor may also have 
contributed to high millennial 
turnout despite the fact that many 
campuses are on vacation this 
week.”

Echoing this idea, Shipan said 

Sanders’ message resonates with 
blue-collar workers in Michigan 
who feel that they have been 

slighted.

“Sanders’ message resonates 

more in Michigan than in some 
of the earlier states due to the fact 
that Michigan workers have the 
perception that they have been 
hurt more by trade deals in the 
past,” he said.

As the election cycle continues, 

with four more states headed to 
the polls or to caucus in the next 
week alone, the question remains 
whether Sanders’ performance in 
Michigan should be seen as a one-
time occurrence, or an indication 
for how he will do in the remainder 
of the race.

Communications Studies Prof. 

Josh Pasek said since the Sanders 
campaign has a large base of small 
donors and remains well-funded, 
the senator will likely remain in the 
race until the convention in July.

However, Pasek said despite his 

ability to stay in the race and recent 
successes, he is likely too far behind 
Clinton in the delegate count to win 
the nomination.

Currently, Sanders has 574 

delegates. 
Clinton 
has 
1,222 

delegates, though 461 of those are 
superdelegates, who pledge support 
independent of voter outcomes and 
can switch candidates at any times. 

2,383 delegates are required to 
secure the Democratic nomination.

“The problem for Bernie is if 

he fares just as well as he did in 
Michigan for the remainder of the 
race, he will lose by a considerable 
margin,” he said. “It appears — 
based on Michigan — that he is 
improving his performance, but it 
is not clear if that improvement is 
enough that he can actually win the 
nomination at this point.”

Students for Hillary outreach 

director Anushka Sarkar, an LSA 
sophomore, said the group is 
proud of Clinton’s performance 
overall in Tuesday’sprimaries as 
she ended the night with more 
delegates. Students for Hillary will 
continue campaigning for Clinton 
moving forward in the election by 
holding phone banks including one 
tomorrow aimed at Ohio voters 
given the state’s upcoming primary. 

“We are very proud of the 

secretary’s performance because 
she came out ahead in the net 
delegate total,” she said. “In 
Michigan she had a very close 
competition, and we congratulate 
Sanders on winning the state. We 
are looking forward to winning 
in Ohio and will keep chucking 
forward.”

PRIMARY
From Page 1A

workshops 
and 
panels. 
These 

smaller 
groups 
talked 
about 

bystander intervention, evidence-
based treatment for depression, 
relationships and ways to support 
students with autism. About 50 
attendees made up each group, most 
of whom were professionals, faculty 
or graduate students in the field of 
psychology.

However, even though there 

were low numbers of undergraduate 
attendees, many of the speakers 
were undergraduate students.

A discussion on relationships, 

called Relationship Remix, was 
among the least formal of the 
panels. The gender breakdown of 
the audience was notably skewed 
toward women, with only about 
four men in attendance out of the 
fifty total attendees.

Anne 
Huhman, 
program 

manager at the University’s Sexual 
Assault Prevention and Awareness 
Center, said though the number of 
men in this group was low, it was 
important to continue to include as 
many identities as possible in these 
discussions.

“One thing that we’re trying 

to do by gathering feedback from 
our colleagues is get that range of 
identities in the room, including 
men,” she said.

Among the topics discussed 

were consent, safe sex and how to 

communicate in a healthy way.

When going over healthy options 

for engaging in safe relationships, 
LSA senior Madison McCullough, 
a Relationship Remix leader, said 
UHS offers many options for 
students

“Many University of Michigan 

students are not having sex,” she 
said. “You can choose to have sex 
less often, or with less partners, or 
get the HPV vaccine, which UHS 
offers.”

After the panel, LSA junior Emily 

Liu, a SAPAC member, echoed 
Huhman’s 
sentiments, 
saying 

the conversation may have been 
different with more undergraduates 
in the room.

“It’s funny to think about how 

this (discussion) might differ with 
students,” Liu said.

Many of the speakers stressed 

that mental health is an issue that 
needs to be addressed on not only 
on the University’s campus, but also 
campuses across the country.

Laura McAndrew, sexual health 

educator at Wolverine Wellness, 
said mental health is an ongoing 
issue for young people that requires 
further discussion and focus.

“Mental 
health 
for 
college 

students is a huge factor in their 
wellness, in their academic success 
and in their well-being during their 
time in school.” McAndrew said. 
“So it’s a really complex issue that 
requires a really complex set of 
solutions to try to improve mental 
health for students.”

DEPRESSION
From Page 1A

father figures could benefit 
African-American 
youth 

and 
protect 
them 
from 

compromising 
health 

behaviors.

“African-American 
male 

youth are at risk for a number 
of poor health outcomes,” 
Caldwell said. “The approach 
that we are taking to address 
this problem involves not only 
the child, but also his father 
who doesn’t live with him … 
Although the father does not 
live in the household with the 
child, he is there to provide 
support for the child, and the 
intervention that we do with 
the fathers helps him in terms 
of improving his parenting 
behaviors.”

The Fathers and Sons project 

currently uses a community 
based 
participatory 

research 
process, 
meaning 

its 
organizers 
work 
with 

community partners including 
community organizations in 
Flint, the Genesee County 
Health Department and the 
University’s School of Public 
Health.

Cassandra Brooks, project 

manager 
for 
Fathers 
and 

Sons, said the project serves 
many 
different 
purposes 

crucial to the enhancement of 

African-American father-son 
relationship development.

“One (purpose) is to reduce 

negative 
health 
behaviors, 

and particularly in the son, 
such as early sexual initiation, 
introduction 
to 
violence, 

substance use, things like that,” 
Brooks said. “Also, to promote 
positive 
health 
outcomes, 

better communication skills, 
better 
identity 
with 
their 

culture (and) better dialogue 
between fathers and sons.”

E. Hill De Leony, director 

of the Flint Odyssey House 
Health 
Awareness 
Center, 

said 
she 
thought 
Fathers 

and Sons was an important 
program for the community 
because of the United States’ 
history of African-American 
enslavement. Because of this, 
many African Americans had 
not received an education, had 
no real work experience and 
often could not read.

De 
Leony 
said 
despite 

equality efforts made from the 
Emancipation Proclamation to 
the Civil Rights Act, African-
American 
males 
had, 
and 

still have, difficulty getting 
jobs to support their families, 
resulting in negative effects on 
African-American families as 
a unit.

She added that she believes 

society has made it seem as 
though a family has to have 

both a father and a mother 
in the home, furthering the 
negative 
perception 
about 

having fathers not in the home. 

“Society also said that if 

they’re nonresidential, they 
didn’t care about their families 
because they’re glad to be 
away,” De Leony said. “Our 
research proves that’s not 
true. They want to be with 
their families, and they are 
committed … there’s some 
obstacles 
that 
kept 
them 

away that we address in our 
research project, so we reduce 
or eliminate those problems.”

Along with the program’s 

components 
of 
performing 

community 
service 
and 

engaging 
in 
small 
group 

discussion, Caldwell said she 
thought 
African-American 

history is also an imperative 
topic to focus on in intervention 
efforts.

“Within this intervention, 

we 
also 
have 
tailored 
it 

specifically 
for 
African-

American families, because 
we take a cultural approach 
in terms of the activities that 
we do, some of the issues 
that we discuss, some of the 
ways that fathers are focused 
on parenting their sons, for 
example, 
with 
regard 
to 

race socialization,” Caldwell 
said. “This intervention can 
eventually be adapted to other 

ethnic groups as well.”

In 
Chicago, 
the 
project 

is slated to follow a similar 
approach as the program in 
Flint, with several additions — 
the group also plans to use the 
grant to collect long-term data 
through pretests and post-
tests, as well as six-month, 
12-month and 18-month follow-
up evaluation data collection to 
examine the long-term effects 
of the intervention.

“Our goal is to release this 

project so that it becomes 
a model for the nation once 
we are able to scientifically 
demonstrate the components 
of the intervention that are 
effective,” Caldwell said.

Brooks said she thought 

Fathers and Sons is different 
from other intervention and 
prevention programs because 
it includes family members, 
such as mothers and legal 
guardians, to aid productive 
communication between the 
father and son.

“It’s an important project 

because it’s bringing families 
together,” 
Brooks 
said. 

“Oftentimes, when a father 
does not live in the same 
home with their son they are 
considered 
to 
be 
absentee 

fathers, and a nonresidential 
father and an absentee father 
are not the same thing.”

GRANT
From Page 1A

BUDGET
From Page 1A
FORD TALK S

LIZZY XIONG/Daily

Sister Simone Campbell, Executive Director of Network, talks about economic reform at Annenberg Auditorium on Wednesday.

