If individual damages were to total between $1,000 and $20,000 each, the individuals would face felony charges — which could result in up to five years in prison, “a fine of not more than $10,000 or three times the amount of the destruction or injury, whichever is greater,” or both. However, no individuals have yet been identified, at least pub- licly, as culpable for the damages. Beyond state law, E. Royster Harper, vice president for stu- dent life, said in an interview last week with The Michigan Daily the students will also face Univer- sity-centric procedures to address their actions. The Statement of Student Rights and Responsibilities is a set of rules to which all students who attend the University are bound. In its introduction, the document states that the Univer- sity’s standards of conduct extend beyond the University and Ann Arbor “only if the behavior poses an obvious and serious threat or harm to any member(s) of the Uni- versity community.” Harper said individuals involved in damages to resorts exacted not only physical dam- age, but also reputational damage to the school — as there has been national attention surrounding the issue. “How do we as an institution do what’s right?” she asked. “Lots of people were harmed by the irre- sponsible behavior. So then the question becomes, ‘How do you repair that harm?’ And that’s what we’re trying to think about.” Student violations to the State- ment of Student Rights include “stealing, vandalizing, damaging, destroying or defacing Univer- sity property or the property of others” — which the resorts have accused all six Greek organiza- tions of doing. The process under the State- ment of Student Rights would likely deal with individual stu- dents, and subsequently these stu- dents would have three options for resolution of the issue. However, because individuals have not yet been identified, the proceedings are as of now undetermined. If the students came to a “gen- eral agreement” with the involved resorts about how to resolve the conflict, they could discuss poten- tial sanctions before entering into a formal agreement whereby they accept “responsibility for the alleged violations of the State- ment.” Informal conflict resolution processes “such as mediation, facilitated dialogue and restor- ative justice circles” are available. However, these are highly unlike- ly to be employed given the large monetary damages inflicted in this situation. The students could have a University-affiliated hearing arbitrated by either a Resolution Officer or a Student Resolution Panel. These hearings could take place in a group or on an individ- ual basis. They would ultimately “result in findings of fact” and subsequent recommendations for punishment, which would then be reported to Dean of Students Laura Blake Jones. Jones has the final say on either accepting or modifying the recommendations. Potential punishments, referred to in the Statement of Student Rights as “sanctions/ interventions,” include a “formal reprimand,” which is essentially a warning; “restitution” which is “reasonable compensation for loss” through community service, money or material replacement; suspension from coursework and University activities; and most severely, expulsion from the Uni- versity. SOAR, a University body housed in the Center for Campus Involvement, is meant to create a formal relationship between the University and its student organi- zations. Its accountability proce- dure outlines how the University responds to student organizations that violate the Standards of Conduct for Recognized Student Organizations. University students, faculty and staff can bring complaints against student organizations through the SOAR accountability process. Any enrolled student, faculty Americans are immigrating to Detroit to seek refuge from dan- ger in their homeland. Thibodeau said some Latinos have difficulty finding jobs if their education from home isn’t recognized in the United States or if they are undocumented. In these cases, the Latino commu- nity has been able to support itself by establishing its own work. “We have someone who came from Honduras recently and she was a teacher in Honduras, but obviously that’s not going to translate here in America,” Thibodeau said. “The Latino community does an awesome job with really creating their own economy, creating their own businesses. Usually it’s labor work: building up houses, fixing up houses, landscaping, they do a lot of work in the suburbs and sur- rounding areas.” Southwest Detroit is also a cultural hub, which helps immi- grants adjust to life in Detroit, Thibodeau said. “It’s very possible to grocery shop, go to school, go to church, live in the community and be in this insulated cultural community,” he said. Detroit’s 300-year legacy of immigration and migration to Detroit has contributed to the city’s culture and growth, but DeBarde- laben, who moved to Detroit three years ago, said the city continues to provide opportunities for both newcomers and former residents deciding to return home. “Those Detroiters who leave for college, they come back,” she said. “A lot of young profession- als have options of going any and everywhere. They can go to L.A., New York, Philadelphia, but they want to come back to Detroit to work because it’s a place where they have a passion for and it’s in a period of transition and they want to be a part of that. People see the opportunity to shape a better future for Detroit.” 2-News The Michigan Daily — michigandaily.com News Monday, February 2, 2015 — 3A mittee chair for CSG and SAPAC volunteer, said the retreat was designed to create an environ- ment conducive to serious dia- logue around sexual assault on campus. “I think we are fed up with the national narrative that is being portrayed in the media — and not just that, but in our campus,” she said. Diaz alluded to students call- ing for former Athletic Direc- tor Dave Brandon’s termination from the University, where more than 1,000 students gathered in protest. Brandon came under fire after a series of events, most nota- bly the Athletic Department’s controversial handling of sopho- more quarter-back Shane Mor- ris’s concussion in a September game against Minnesota. “Where is that when it comes to real, serious issues, such as rape?” From the start of the retreat, Anna Forringer-Beal, co-coor- dinator of SAPAC’s Networking, Publicity, and Activism program, emphasized using the word “sur- vivor” as opposed to “victim” in conversations about sexual assault. “We use the term ‘survivor’ instead of ‘victim’ because it’s a more empowering term and because sexual assault at its core is such a disempowering thing, one of the ways to regain control is to refer to yourself as a survivor and show that you have ownership over this event,” she said. On Friday, SAPAC Director Holly Rider-Milkovich and Dean of Students Laura Blake Jones deliv- ered a presentation on the Univer- sity’s Student Sexual Misconduct Policy. “Basically, our policy falls into four categories: respect, report, respond and review,” Rider- Milkovich said. Both went on to discuss the definitions of important terms per- taining to sexual conduct, namely consent. She said consent must be given on a continuous basis, not just once. She also emphasized that consent can’t be given by “a person who is incapacitated.” “Students need to be mutually agreeing to each step of behavior as it’s happening,” Rider-Milkovich said. The speakers also highlighted the fact that one in six men and one in four college-aged women will experience some form of sex- ual assault. However, Jones said because sexual assault is the most underreported crime in the United States — with about 60 percent of cases going unreported — the sta- tistics can vary depending on the source. LSA junior Jacob Abudaram, an LSA representative in the CSG Assembly who attended the confer- ence, said the topics were impor- tant to discuss given the prevalence of sexual assault. “People think, ‘Well, I don’t need to go to these workshops because I would never sexually assault some- one’ and that’s not the right role to play,” he said. The topics discussed at the retreat focused heavily on preven- tion from all parties involved. For example, LSA junior Don Lyons, co-coordinator of SAPAC’s Men’s Activism program, led a pre- sentation Saturday on bystander intervention that considered the concepts of coercion and sexual harassment. After showing the group an advertisement for an episode of FX’s “It’s Always Sunny in Phila- delphia,” in which one character discusses isolating a girl on a boat so that she will have sex with him, Lyons explained coercion as “tak- ing away someone’s ability to say no.” To curb sexual assault, Lyons also said people must take sexual harassment more seriously. “It’s a really horrible thing that leads to other really horrible things,” Lyons said. “A lot of the times this is how someone will start exerting their power over someone.” On campus, the topic of sexual misconduct has attracted signifi- cant attention in recent months. In October, student protestors called on University officials to address several demands to address per- ceived issues in the University’s procedures to combat sexual assault on campus. Earlier this month, Univer- sity President Mark Schlissel, who attended a portion of the Culture Shift retreat, announced the Uni- versity’s plans to survey students on campus climate surround sexu- al misconduct and public safety. CULTURE From Page 1A of scientific ideas,” SLC Director Claire Sandler said in an e-mail interview. The panel of judges was com- posed of five individuals with expertise in a wide variety of fields, including science, art, edu- cation and literature. The submis- sions were ranked according to their scientific basis, originality, skill and technique and quality of the written explanation. This year, the grand prize was awarded to Art and Design senior Sidney Krandall for her piece “Progressive Resistance Exercise Design Concept,” a pen and ink illustration. Several new categories were incorporated for the first time, including the People’s Choice award, which allowed attendees to vote for their favorite pieces. LSA junior Ashley Miller won this year’s People’s Choice award for her piece, “Unobjec- tive Research,” which depicted a woman’s face surrounded by a mass of long, flowing hair from which different three-dimen- sional shapes protruded. The hair curled into the form of a hand, choking the woman. The submis- sion was done in acrylic paint and clay. “My piece is about doing research and how sometimes some of the things that you want to do in research are not always things that you want to do,” Mill- er said. “It’s really hard to work with animals, but you just have to look at what comes out of it and the good that you’re working towards.” LSA junior Lawrence Chen also participated in the exhibition with a large piece examining the seem- ingly chaotic, yet strictly struc- tured nature of DNA. “Science and art are both a very large part of my life and I see them intersect all the time,” Chen said. “This competition is exactly what I’m looking for. Both bring great joy to my life.” Miller emphasized the impor- tance of the event in that it pro- vided a more visual medium of science. “This event is really important because it shows people what sci- ence is doing through more of a visual and easier way to get it out to people who aren’t particularly sci- entifically-knowledgeable,” Miller said. “It makes it more interesting to the everyday person.” SCIENCE From Page 1A SANCTIONS From Page 1A HISTORY From Page 2A to close the University even if we wanted to,” she said. “Closing a university is more like closing a city than closing a building. You can’t just close; there is a hospital, there is a police force, there are students on campus who need to be fed.” After last January’s cold day, the University created a com- mittee to update its severe- weather policy. The updated policy, released in October, pro- vides more detailed protocols for reducing service in the situation of severe weather. To do so, the executive director of the Uni- versity’s Division of Safety and Security and the executive vice presidents assess the weather conditions and provide recom- mendations to the University president, who makes the final decision. Eddie Washington, executive director the University’s Divi- sion of Public Safety and Security, wrote in a release that dangerous road conditions factored into his recommendation to cancel classes. “Snowfall totals of 12 to 18 inch- es with high winds are making the roads dangerous, especially for the many faculty, staff and students who live outside the city of Ann Arbor,” he wrote. Despite the closure, Atmo- spheric Sciences Prof. Perry Samson said he will still hold his class Extreme Weather, or AOSS 102. Students were “advised to stay home, but can use the class Echo360 technology to view the live broadcast.” This story has been updated to include additional background and information from a University release. SNOW DAY From Page 1A drivers, who honked as they passed the demonstrators. How- ever, most waited for the protest- ers to continue down the street. Police arrived when the protest reached the intersection of Huron and Main streets. Officers did not interfere with the protest and allowed the group to continue marching. Saturday’s rally was not the first in recent months. In Decem- ber, demonstrators convened on the Diag and outside Winter Commencement for “die-ins” to protest police brutality. Shae Ward, Rosser’s younger sister, participated in the march and thanked the protesters. In an interview Saturday with The Michigan Daily, Ward said she appreciated the turnout. Ward, who lives in Detroit, noted that this is her first time in Ann Arbor since Rosser’s death. “I’m disappointed, but I hate to say that it is to be expected, unfortunately, with our history in this country,” she said. “I am hoping for a change. I am hoping that the American people — right now, 2015 — will wake up and see what’s going on. And It’s not about class and color. It really is about money.” Ward described Rosser as a kind, compassionate, soft and highly educated woman who loved Ann Arbor. She added that while Ann Arbor is supposedly a liberal city, racism is prevalent in the AAPD and that citizen groups have spoken about this. “My hope is that I can get strong enough to speak for her,” Ward said. “Because I know her person. She would have never attacked Officer Ried. She would have never made him feel that he would have to take her life to defuse the situation. That is just outlandish. It totally is outland- ish.” Rackham student Austin McCoy, a member of Ann Arbor to Ferguson, said he hopes that the protest raised awareness about the issue. “We believe that since the prosecutor made the announce- ment so late last night that they were trying to evade accountabil- ity,” he said. “So this is partly to show that we have some strength and to try hold people responsible but then we hope that this action is one of many. We hope to actu- ally put out some demands and go from there.” “I think what people can do is join organizations like ours, educate themselves about the criminal justice here, especially it’s inequities when it comes to people of color in this country and make sure they are involved.” Darius Simpson, a student at Eastern Michigan University who participated in the march, said he hopes the protest inspired further action rather than just personal feelings of accomplishment. “This is a first step rather than the end all,” Simpson said, “I am hoping folks leave with inspira- tion and curiosity, because the reality is that people don’t know what to do. They’re not doing stuff because they have no idea where to go and who to talk to.” In a statement released Fri- day evening on Facebook, Ann Arbor Mayor Christopher Taylor (D) noted the ongoing necessity of combating racial injustice, but also said he believes the officer’s actions were justified in this situ- ation. “The events of that night of course were a tragedy, but not a tragedy of racism, which is loathsome and unacceptable and contrary to everything Ann Arbor and the Ann Arbor Police Department stands for,” he said. “The events of November nine were a tragedy of mental illness untreated and drug use unabated. They were a tragedy of a society that does not devote the resourc- es necessary to give help to those who require it.” Protesters also demonstrated against police brutality at the Ann Arbor City Council meeting in December. During that meet- ing, the Council voted to equip AAPD officers with body cam- eras, which are expected to be in operation by the summer. PROTEST From Page 1A member or staff member at the University can file an official complaint form at the Center for Campus Involvement within six months of the incident. These complaints must include back- ground facts showing which Standards of Conduct have been breached and a request for relief. Complaints can be referred to the student governing body that has jurisdiction over that organization if the body has a written procedure for investiga- tions, though some cases may be referred to the Office of Student Conflict Resolution, which can conduct their process currently with the SOAR process. The direc- tor of the CCI can also refer the complaint to a specific academic unit for an informal resolution. In this case, the “student gov- erning body” that the complaint would be referred to is the Greek Activities Review Panel, the judi- cial branch for the University’s Greek Councils — the Panhellenic Association, the Interfraternity Council, the National Pan-Hellen- ic Council and the Multicultural Greek Council. GARP, which includes up to eight justices and one chief jus- tice from each Greek council, is in charge of investigating and resolving misconduct allegations against any chapter or individual members affiliated with the Greek Councils. Complaints submitted to GARP can be filed by any individual or organization and must provide written details of the violation. Within seven days of receiving the complaint, the chief justices must review the complaint and determine one of the following outcomes: to dismiss the case, call for a mediation or call for a hear- ing. Mediation requires the com- plainant and the defendant to reach a mutual agreement, facili- tated by the chief justices. If the mediation succeeds, the agree- ment will be put in writing and enforced by GARP. If not, the complaint proceeds to a GARP hearing. In the event of a hearing, the complainant car- ries the burden of the proof and the involved parties are expected to present relevant evidence and testimony. After all testimony and evi- dence is presented, the justices deliberate until a decision is reached, requiring two-thirds of the justices to agree. The final agreement is put into writing, provided to all involved parties and filed as a public record. Similar to the Student State- ment of Rights and Responsibili- ties, GARP’s imposed sanctions vary depending upon the case, but can include: a letter of reprimand, restitution charges, monetary fines, community service require- ments, educational programming, or more severely, probation, sus- pension or expulsion from mem- ber’s respective Greek Council. The final decision can be appealed by submitting a written notice of appeal within seven days of receiving the GARP decision to the Greek Appellate Board, which comprises two chapter presidents from each of the Greek councils, randomly selected by the chief justices, and a ninth member who is selected from the list of GARP members uninvolved in the origi- nal case. A two-thirds vote is necessary to overturn GARP’s decision. Jones, the dean of students, is charged with imposing sanctions based on the student governing body’s decision, which in this case is GARP. Though the dean of stu- dents will focus the recommenda- tion in most cases, she can deviate from the recommended sanctions.