THE MICHIGAN DAILY ,. 1 Early Years Of 17th Century In Russia Mark "Troublesome Time . Suits and Overcoats' add Trousers and Bath Robes Calkin's 20% off p Wadhams & Co. TATE STREET ARCADE MAIN STREET AT WASHINGTON ._i. 404 THAT YOU MAY ECONOMIZE THE COMING YEAR Let us renovate your soiled garments and restore them to usefulness. By our process, the most modern known, we are enabled to turn out perfect work, removing stains without injury to the most delicate fabrics. Won't you let your first order "blaze the trail" to satisfaction's ANN ARBOR STEAM DYE WORKS ,PHONE 628 (Editor's note-This is the third of a series of articles on Russi writ- ten by Samuel Barmak,,'19, a Russian student.) N The early years of the seventeenth century are marked inRussia as the "troublesome times." Different indi- viduals were claiming the right to the throne, which was ascended now by one, now by another. The country had no permanent ruler. In the year 1613 a member of the house of the Romanoffs, who was favored by the majority of the people, secured the crown. That year was the beginning of the Romanoff dynasty which re- mained in power until the recent revo- lution. Theterritory that Russia ppssessed in 1613 is now known as Russia prop- er. The western boundary was the Dnieper, which separated the country from Poland. The eastern boundary extended beyond the Ural mountains. Peter the Great Makes Changes For a variety of reasons Russia re- mained Asiatic in her intellectual de- velopment until the latter part of the seventeenth century. Peter the Great (1689-1725) was the first of the Rus- sian rulers to reflect on the back- wardness of the country. He resolv- ed to make Russia European. Num- erous reforms, beginning with com- pulsory shaving and smoking, and ending with important changes in the form of government, were introduced and enforced, regardless of the dis- content and opposition of the nation. In spite of the many obstacles, the seeds of, the country's civilization were planted. Desires Sea Outlets The desire of Russia for free sea outlets dates from the time of Peter's reign. Peter endeavored to extend the country to the sea, and acquire seaports, not so much for her econom- ical well-being, as for the sake of her intellectual progress. As a result of the Great Northern war, Russia gain- td territory on the Baltic sea, and Peter's policy regarding seaports was partly realized. Peter did not leave a direct heir. His only son, Alexius, was destitute of enthusiasm and showed no ability. Peter saw in him a menace to the welfare of the country, and Alexius finally died in prison, having suc- cumbed to the tortures inflicted on him by his father. Peter was follow- ed by his consort, Catherine I, who in turn was succeeded by Peter II,, Ann Ivanovna, and Elizabeth Pe- trovna. eral. From his early youth he had en- tertained liberal tendencies, and dreamed of granting Russia a consti- tution. The reactionary forces{, in which the Russian court abounds, pre- vented him from realizing his dreams. The successful and justifiable war of 1812 brought him fame and glory. His death is covered with mystery. Some say he died in a monastery. The period from 1825 to 1855 are the years of the reign of Nicholas I. He was a firm believer in a monarchi- cal form of government, and devoted his energies to the suppression of numerous insurrections and revolu- tions. The most conspicuous revolu- tionary event during his reign was that of the "Decembrists." It was instigated and supported by the cream of society, with the puropse of extort- ing from the czar a constitution. It ended in total defeat, and the chief leaders were severely punished. Nicholas Succeeds Alexander Nicholas I was .succeeded by Alex- ander 11(1855-1881), who is known as the czar-liberator. During his reign one of the most important events in Russian history took place. That event was the abolition of serfdom which had been so strengthened dur- iig Catherine's rule. The peasants who constitute in Russia nine-tenths of the population became free. The revolutionary spirit, which ap- peared to have been suppressed by Nicholas I, was growing. Terror was the feature this time. Several at- tempts were made to assasinate the czar and struggle with a czar-less government. Though Alexander II narrowly escaped death more than once, he was not destined to die a na- tural death. He was torn to pieces by- the bomb of ' the revolutionist, Rissakof, who died with- his victim. Period of Terror Alexander III ascended the throne at a time when revolution had practic- ally begun. Filled with desire to av- enge himself on his father's murder- ers, and resolved not to give up an atom of the unlimited power bequeath- ed to him, he kept to a policy of ruth- less annihilation of all considered dangerous to the established form of government. The number of trained executioners grew radily. The work at the gallows became heavier than ever, and the revolutionary movement was finally quelled, at least outward- ly. The persecution of the fJews was in- tense under the rule of this czar. Most of the restrictions put upon that nation (until the present revolution). Drug Co. V m tAil r.Suits and O'coa Tailored to your Individual-Style They say that we do best Kodak Finishing. suggest that you try us. HAND BUILT PRODUCT OF PRIDE Try our Chop Suey Chinese and American Dishes Sweaters All wool Good dyes FURNISHINGS VARSITY TOGGERY SHOP HOT DRINKS that will make you more thoroughly enjoy the snappy cold of winter. A HOT CHOCOLATE OR LEMONADE after skating trip makes you feel great. LET US SHOW YOU Fountain of Youth PLACE OF QUALITY " Victor Records First Aid French:-A complete first aid course of six lessons or three Victor Records expressly issued to meet the n6eds of Americaz Soldiers. Price $2.50. Come in and hear them. Schaeberle & Son's Music Hous 110 S. MAIN STREET Now on Sale in sheet music-"For America and Liberty?' WAI KING LOA Joe Gin, Prop. TCURTIS T I RES 314 S. State St. Phone 1244-MI Adjustment miles Basis is 6,000 of service VULCANIZED PRODUCTS Muskegon, Mic h 1. TYPEWRITERS For Sale and Rent TYPEWRITING Mimeographing Fraternity and Social Stationery 0. D. MORRILL 322 South State Street Michiganensian and kppointment Commit- :ee Photographs f SW AIN '13 East University Ave- Choice Bits From College Exchanges A gigantic card party arranged to I TOP ATI T U T T L E !S 338 MAYNARD For Lunches and Sodas abroad and 27 having received decor- ations of honor. Any form of athletics that leads to' stimulating and productive physical development ampng students of Ameri- can colleges shuld be encouraged and maintained was the unanimous opinion of the 200 delegates of the national collegiate athletic association who met in New York on Dec. 28 to discuss college athletic conditions in view of the present war. , 1917 SALE OF RED CROSS SEALS EXCEEDS THAT OF 1916 Berran County Shows an Increase of 550 Per 'ent Over Previous Year Reports of the sale of Red Cross Christmas seals from half the counties of the state show that the 1917 sale exceeded that of the previous year by over $10,000, according to W. G. Cosmer, sales manager in Michigan. Thie agencies heard from are the largest in the state including Detroit mnmodate 150 people or more As and Grand Rapids, while those which .g planned by the Women's war of committee of the tJniversity of, ois as a means of raising money their work. have not yet reported are Jackson, Ingram, Washtenaw and Bay counties. Other counties have not sent in com- plete reports. BeArra.n cunty; sa hw h am nin- I inee September 382 students have4 tdrawn from the University of Ill- crease of 550 per cent, the largest in the shdoerwromtheUnverityfwofalstate and probably in the country," is, over two-thirds of whom are said Mr. Cosmer. "The total receipts >wn to be in military service, in Ypsilanti were twice those of the latinum rings are "slacker" rings previous year. The school children ording to Dr. C. A. Mann of the took an active part throughout the ss and publicity committee of the state and helped greatly in selling the .erican chemical society, because seals." Those who sold above 25 are available platinum is needed in the being given cards and buttons to show nufacture of explosives. the number each sold. 'rinceton reports over 2.000 of her n in service, 666 of whom are Use the Daily classified columns. atLsar's and nde ts The Dolta Supply Store ADVERTISI NG S LOST IfLOST Seaport Secured dated from the years of reign of Alex- Catherine the Great (1762-1796) was ander III. the first ruler after Peter whose reign Alexander devoted much energy and is of significance in Russian history. attention to the betterment of the con- Her policy and reforms were a con- dition of the peasants. He also did tinuation of those of her predecessor. much for the improvement of the Her aspiration for a port in the south country's military system. was too intense not to be realized. Nicholas II Dethroned After a period of fighting, the north- Nicholas II succeeded Alexander III ern waters of the Black sea were in in 1894, and ruled until he was de- contact with territory in the hands of throned in 1917. Besides the present Russia. It was at that time that revolution, the most conspicuous ev- Odessa, one of the most important ents of his reign were the Japanese ports of Europe and the most import- war and the revolution of 1905. ant one of Russia, was established. This uprising, though quickly sup- The western boundary, too, was ex- pressed was not quite fruitless. Its re- tended at the expense of Poland. sult was the Duma, an elective legis- Contributions were at the same time lative body which made Russia a lim- being made to education, and the most ited monarchy. important Russian schools date from that period. Catherine Reactionary d tart' N elps. Catherine was looked upon by many as an enlightened despot. She was N one outwardly. In her heart, how- No drills for the cadets In the R. 0. ever, she was reactionary. In a letter T. C. will be held during the two to a Russian noble she wrote that Rus- week examination period, according to sia must maintain a liberal policy to- a counter-order issued by Lieut. ward education, in order to have the George C. Mullen last night. The rea- sympathy of western Europe. But it son for the withdrawal of the order should be borne in mind, she adds, given out Friday was due to the fact that at the moment the peasants can that many of the examinations were read and write, she and he will have scheduled from 2 to 5 o'clock every to part with their positions, afternoon, and that a. number of stu- Dring the years from 796 to 1801 dents usually leave for home after the throne was occupied by Paul, who the last examination. Advance and was noted for his eccentricity and gymnasium classes will also be dis- cruelty. He met a horrible death, be- continued for two weeks. The first ing strangled with a belt. His son drill after Saturday, Jan. 26, will be Alexander I succeeded him. held at 4:15 o'clock Monday after- Alexander a Liberal noon, Feb. 11. Alexander I was beauty and virtue personified. He was beloved by the Due to some misunderstanding con- court, the people, and Europe in gen- cerning the excuse of absences, the following information was issued from TYPEWRITERS FOR RENT - Wood the R. 0. T. C. office last night: ward & Washington, 8-9 A. A. Sav. All students unable to be present at Bank Bldg.. Phone 866.-Adv. the regular drills and gymnasium Michigan's Greatest Music House Finest line of Music Instruments in the world If interested in any kind of instrument whatever see us GRINNELL BROS. 116 S. Main St. 4 - } ,I E t 3 W F are as near to our telephone as. y Ware to yours, and that puts our laundry right next door to your home. Take advantage of our courteous, speedy service- our work will -please your inborn sense, o£ keeping-up-appearances.w MOE LAUNDRtY Phone 2355 204 No. a ft classes must obtain permission from Lieut. George C,. Mullen before the date of the absences. only a certificate from a physician in the employ of the University or in the city will be ac- cepted as an excuse if presented after the absence. Each unexcused absence requires two hours of make-up work. "A man who has no absences is rank- ed higher than one "who has succeeded in making up the entire number of absences," stated Lieutenant Mullen last night. UNIFORMS When you go into the service you will want a uniform that will- fit you. We are expgts in tailoring and guar.. antee that you will be pleased. If you let us make it. Our service includes ladies taioring and dry cleaning. A. F. Marquardt CAMPUS TAILOR 514 E. William Clasa Hot Rolls 2 for 6c MICHI GAN IN! Pthon. 948.R 601 E. Lfbe Arrangements have been mad have the headquarters company the gymnasium work one day a v in a body, instead of several men going separately each day. The g nasium work will probably-be al same time, but the day will be termined later. Edward Mack, '17, second lieute in the artillery,.has arrived in Fra according to information received yesterday. Mack is a member of Sigma Phi fraternity. Lieut L. J. Williams will lectui the cadets of the Second regimen 4:15 o'clock tomorrow afternoo: University hall. The speaker for V nesday's lecture will be annou later. Five Fresh Girls Make Glee Ch Five more tryouts have made Freshman Girls' glee club. They Ruth Curtis, Helen Deck, Alice Ha Dorothy Hollis, and Katherine Si The membership of the club is nom ST- Will person who took my heepskin coat from the basement f the Economics building Wednes- ay, by mistake, please return it nd receive reward. G. A. Cadwell, r., 806 Hil St. Phone 374. ST-Small fountain pen on campus r in Nichols Arcade, Friday morn- ig about eight. Call Sec'y Office, [edical Bldg. LOST - Navy pin. Crossed anchors with superscription U. S. Finder please call 954-J. LOST-A Conklin fountain pen with- out cap. Phone 627. WANTED WANTED-4 rooms, heated and furn- ished for light housekeeping. Phone 1032-J. WANTED - A Corona Typewriter. Phone 906. FOUND FOUND- Lady's small watch. Call A varied physical and gymnastic program, under the direction of Dr. George A. May, will be given to the first battalion of the First regiment" at 4:15 o'clock tomorrow afternoon in Waterman gymnasium. First regiment: Company A, parallel bar, vaulting horse, jumping, sprint- ing, wrestling, basketball; company B, rings, high jump, relay racing, tumbl- ing; company C, wrestling, basketball, parallel bar, vaulting horse, jumping, sprinting; company D, relay racing, rings, high jump, tumbling. The program next week will be con- cluded by setting-up exercises and will consist of class boxing. The ca- dets will be paired and given funda- mental instructions in boxing, which can be applied in future bayonet prac- tices. Members of the R. O. T. C. band1 will start rehearsing at 7 o'clock Wed- nesday night in University hall. There are some vacancies in the ranks, which will be filled by the tryouts who ap- pear in the rehearsal. Lists of the re-organized companies will be posted on the R. O. T. C. bulletin boards before the examina- tions start. The lists will take into consideration the requests for trans- fers which have been approved. -Leather watch fob ity seal, at Indiana e Friday. Reward. with Uni- basketball Box 0, o'clocI Thursda Hunt's studio,r sity School ofl hearsal Helen brarian. All members clock today at Liberty St., to]k en for the Mich npton gold watch with fob e debating medal. Finder turn to 210 S. Thayer St.