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2-- The Michigan Daily - Tuesday, October 31, 1995
U.S. negotiator denounces move by Congress
WASHINGTON (AP) - Heading
into Bosnian peace talks "without any
assurance of success," U.S. mediator
Richard Holbrooke denounced a move
in Congress to restrict using American
'troops to help enforce a settlement.
"It would weaken the United States,"
:Holbrooke said yesterday of a resolu-
tion backed by up to 100 House mem-
bers. "This kind of resolution is ex-
tremely unhelpful," he said as he left
for Dayton, Ohio, where negotiations
open tomorrow.
At a news conference, Holbrooke
said his chances ofpersuading the presi-
dents of Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia to
reach an agreement heavily depended
on showing "some American and allied
leadership."
But on Capitol Hill, the nonbinding
resolution sponsored chiefly by two
Persian Gulf War veterans, Reps.
Steve Buyer (R-Ind.) and Paul McHale
(D-Pa.), asserted the negotiations
should not be based on a "presump-
tion" U.S. ground troops would be
deployed in Bosnia. It also said Presi-
dent Clinton should have Congress'
approval first.
"The premise is dangerous and ill-
.conceived," Buyer said in an interview
,after Holbrooke had denounced the reso-
jution. "We've heard a lot of extremist
language coming out of the administra-
tion. U.S. troops should not be a pre-
condition to a peace agreement."
McHale, in a separate interview, said
the Constitution apparently was "an
inconvenience" to Holbrooke in his zeal
,to make peace in the former Yugoslav
,republic.
Airman Colin Hover works on security lights yesterday behind the Bachelor livingv
Quarter where members of the peace talks will be staying near Dayton, Ohio.
But, McHale said, "when there is no
imminent threat to the national secu-
rity of the United States, the President
is both wise and required by the Con-
stitution to seek congressional autho-
rization."
Similarly, House Speaker Newt
Gingrich (R-Ga.) told reporters: "It
would be nice if the President told us
what he intended to do and asked our
advice before he did it."
And Senate Republican leader Bob
Dole of Kansas said "the President ought
to persuade you, the American people."
But Holbrooke said there could be no
peace in Bosnia without U.S. troops
under NATO command and prepared
to retaliate instantly if attacked.
He rejected any comparisons to Viet-
nam, where he worked as a foreign
service officer.
"We are not going to send people into
war," he said. "We are going to send
Americans into peace."
The negotiations will bring to Wright-
Patterson Air Force Base Presidents
Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia, Franjo
Tudjman of Croatia and Alija
Izetbegovic of Bosnia. "If Dayton does
not succeed, the country will slip back
to war," Holbrooke said.
Secretary of State Warren Christo-
pher is to meet with the three Balkan
leaders tomorrow and outline U.S. ob-
jectives. Holbrooke will then take over
and present a draft peace treaty and
American proposals on a half-dozen
critical issues, including separation of
warring factions and delineation of the
territory to be controlled by two ethnic
entities - one Bosnian Serb and the
other under combined Muslim-Croat
control.
"It is going to be very, very hard to
get peace agreements in Dayton,"
Holbrooke said.
Dutch: Troops
not at fault for
fall of Srebrenica
The W ashington Post
THE HAGUE, Netherlands -
The Dutch government yesterday
absolved its U.N. peacekeepers in
Bosnia-Herzegovina of wrongdo-
ing in the fall of Srebrenica to the
Bosnian Serbs, which resulted in
some of the worst atrocities seen in
Europe since World War II. Dutch
officials said other nations must
share blame for failing to provide
enough troops to protect the U.N.-
designated "safe area."
Defense Minister Joris Voorhoeve
said an intensive three-month inves-
tigation showed that the 460 lightly
armed Dutch soldiers serving in the
Srebrenica enclavein eastern Bosnia
last July were overwhelmed by at-
tacking Bosnian Serb forces and
thus helpless to prevent the subse-
quent slaughter of thousands of
Muslim men and the forced depor-
tation of 25,000 women, children
and elderly.
The exoneration seems bound to
escalate a debate in a nation that
cherishes an altruistic tradition of
serving as a moral conscience and
fighting in the vanguard against
famine, illiteracy and genocide. On
a per-capita basis, the Netherlands
donates more than any other nation
to Third World development, and is
the leading contributor to U.N.
peacekeeping and humanitarian aid
missions.
But that heroic image has been
badly tarnished by accumulating evi-
dence that Dutch troops stood aside
as executions, rapes and expulsions
on a massive scale took place last
summer in an enclave they were
sworn to protect.
NAnIONAiL
New evidence found for 'gay gene'
NEW YORK - Scientists have found new evidence that a gene inherited from
mothers helps influence whether a man is homosexual, bolstering a study that
made headlines in 1993.
"Our result says that genes are involved in male sexual orientation, although
they certainly do not determine a person's sexual orientation," said Dean Hamer.
an author of the study.
"There probably are other biological factors like hormones, for example, and
other variables we simply don't know anything about yet."
The study follows others that have suggested a biological influence in sexual
orientation, but scientists still can't explain what makes a person homosexual,
heterosexual or bisexual.
The latest study does not identify a specific gene. But like Hamer's 1993 study,
it suggests such a gene resides in a particular region of the X chromosome, one of
the microscopic thread-like structures that carry genes. Men inherit the X chromo-
some from their mothers.
Hamer, a researcher at the National Cancer Institute, reports the work in the
November issue of the journal Nature Genetics.
Groups say march week the turnout was between 670,000
and 1.04 million.
counts usuallylow The center's scientists used comput-
BOSTON - Hawks and doves be- ers to digitally enhance the crowd pho-
come birds of a feather on the issue of tos for an indication of the number of
official crowd counts; activists from people present.
both sides of the abortion debate stand The Nation of Islam said racial bias led
together with the Nation of Islam. the parkservice to under-countthe march.
Now one group has used the National Trialbs for
Park Service's own photographs to cast
doubt on the official crowd estimate of former Clinton aide
the Million Man March. Activists who
depend on big numbers to shape policy WASHINGTON - Billy Dale, fired
andpublicopinion are feeling vindicated. by President Clinton as White House
Organizers ofdemonstrations by hun- travel director two years ago, has been
dreds of thousands of people on the falsely accused of embezzlement,
Mall in Washington frequently stage a Dale's lawyer told jurors yesterday at
second protest: begging the park ser- the opening of his criminal trial.
vice to revise its crowd estimate. Dale, a White House employee for
The stir over the Million Man March, more than 30 years, was fired with six
however, has persuaded the park service others in an early administration travel
to review its numbers and its methods. A office shakeup that embarrassed the
decision on whether to raise the official President and some close friends. There
estimate is expected in two weeks. were no criminal charges at that time.
The park service said the Oct. 16 Steve Tabackman, Dale's attorney,
rally drew 400,000 people. The Nation said Dale's indictment last December
of Islam, one of the organizers, said the - 18 months after the dismissals-
march drew 2 million. was based on the discovery that he had
Scientists at Boston University's put 55 checks from news media people
Center for Remote Sensing, using a through his own bank account, an ac-
computer analysis of 14 park service tion that the lawyer termed "a disa,-
aerial photos of the crowd, said last trous business judgment."
t
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Prosecution of ex-
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PRETORIA, South Africa - With
hints of rebellion in the military and
thinly veiled threats of right-wing vio-
lence, the case of Magnus Malan has
ignited strong feelings on both sides of
the color line in South Africa.
The decision to prosecute Malan, the
country's defense minister from 1981-
90, for apartheid-era murders will test
the depth of national reconciliation.
The case also raises serious ques-
tions about the stability of Nelson
Mandela's government after 18 months
in power and the willingness of white
South Africans, who retain dispropor-
tionate economic and military power,
to see their former leaders in the dock.
The government announced Sunday
that Malan and 10 other former officers
will be arrested Thursday for allegedly
helping set up a hit squad accused of
killing 13 relatives of a pro-African
National Congress activist - includ-
ing six children.
Malan's supporters argued the ANC
was breaking its implicit deal with
white-minority officials: If whites sur-
rendered power peacefully, they would
not be persecuted for acts carried out
under apartheid.
IOR L D
The ANC responsed that the Truth
and Reconciliation Commission, to be
set up later this year, could grant am-
nesty to Malan and the others in the
interest of national reconciliation. But
it said the criminal justice system must
be allowed to function until then.
Ja esecult loses
religious status
TOKYO - A court ordered yester-
day that Aum Supreme Truth, the cult
accused of attacking the Tokyo sub-
ways with poison gas last spring, be
stripped of its status as a religious orga-
nization.
While not directly addressing Aum's
role in the subway terror, the court
found the Aum organization guilty of
producing sarin, the deadly nerve gas
that killed 11 and sickened more than
5,500 in the March 20 attack.
Never before in postwar Japan has a
court ordered the revocation of a reli-
gious organization's status on grounds
of criminal activity.
The district court decision is the first
step toward confiscation of Aum's as-
sets. That would deal a severe blow to
the group's ability to function as a dis-
ciplined organization. Followers would
still have the constitutionally protected
right to engage in religious practices.
- From Daily wire services
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