Jtw CopyghtW,99 Vol. Cl, No.85 Ann Arbor, Michigan -Wednesday, January 30, 1991 The Mchgan Daiy Refugee says. *'It is really ,0* hell in Iraq DHARAN, Saudi Arabia (AP) - One of Iraq's "human shields" captured allied pilots was killed in a Baghdad air raid, the Iraqis said yesterday. Other Desert Storm fliers struck anew across Iraq, and re- *portedly destroyed an Iraqi armored convoy. The Iraqis countered with an unverified report that their forces advanced 12 miles into the Saudi desert and killed "large numbers" of enemy troops before withdrawing. Refugees fleeing to Jordan told of non-stop bom- bardment, "fire everywhere" and civilian casualties in Iraq. "It is really hell," one woman said. The U.S. command still seemed puzzled by the getaway flights of Iraqi warplanes to Iran. But an American general warned the Iraqis that if they * tried to return to their home bases, "we'll get them." The Iraqis, who have reported holding more than 20 downed pilots, said January 21 they were dis- persing the prisoners to potential target sites in an effort to ward off allied air attacks. "One of the raids hit one of the departments of the Ministry of Industry, killing one of the captured foreign pilots, who had been evacuated to that de- partment," an Iraqi news agency report said. Iran's news agency quoted Baghdad Radio as *saying the victim was an American. But no Iraqi broadcasts monitored by The Associated Press men- tioned the nationalities or identities of any of the reported victims, and the reports were otherwise un- confirmed. Fifteen Americans are listed as missing or as prisoners. : The Geneva Convention on treatment of prison- ers of war prohibits placing prisoners at likely target areas. The U.S. government has denounced Iraqi's handling of the captured pilots, and on Tuesday the State Department said it was summoning Iraq's ranking diplomat in Washington "to raise concern" about the pilots. "We declare to the world public opinion that the United States bears responsibility for the conse- quences of the ugly crimes it is committing against our people and the captured pilots who are hosted by Iraq," the news agency said. See GULF , Page 2 Bush shows optimism on war, recession Protester Jeff Hinte consults with his lawyer, Martin Geer, after yesterday's pre-trial hearing on last fall's deputization sit-in. Dine De 1u iZa 1011proesters Associated Press President Bush, under clouds of war and recession, briefed his Cab- inet yesterday before his State of the Union address, expressing confidence about the battle against Iraq and optimism about the econ- omy. The speech described the na- tion as standing at a "defining hour." Amid extraordinary security precautions, Bush went before the nation with a nationally broadcast address to a joint session of Congress. It was the first wartime State of the Union address since Vietnam. "The winds of change are with us now. The forces of freedom are united," Bush said. "For two centuries, we've done the hard work of freedom. And tonight, we lead the world in facing down a threat to decency and humanity," Bush said. "As Americans, we know there are times when we must step for- ward and accept our responsibility to lead the world away from the dark chaos of dictators, toward the brighter promise of a better day," Bush said. The president delivered a terse assessment of the war to date: "I'm pleased to report that we are on course. Iraq's capacity to sus- tain war is being destroyed. "Time will not be Saddam's salvation." With Americans' attention fo- cused on the almost half-million U.S. troops in the Persian Gulf, Bush devoted the heart of his an- nual address to the two-week-old battle against Iraq. Shortly before the president spoke, a joint U.S.-Soviet state- ment hinted a cease fire would be possible if Iraq took "concrete steps" to withdraw from Kuwait. The White House later said the statement represented no change in policy, and only a "massive withdraw" could lead the U.S. to stop the attack. The two superpowers also called for a "meaningful peace process" to deal with the Arab-Is- raeli conflict once' the war was over. Bush also paid tribute to the democratic aspirations of the peo- ple of the Soviet Baltic states and said he remained "deeply con- cerned" about the Kremlin's crackdown. Bush, who met Monday with Soviet Foreign Minister Alexander Bessmertnykh, said the Soviet leadership had made promises which "would result in the with- drawal of some Soviet forces, a reopening of dialogue with the Re- publics and a move away from vio- lence." Administration sources said the United States was expect- ing a "substantial withdrawal," and some rollback had already been detected. See BUSH, Page 2 attend pre-tr* by Hillel Abrams Fourteen of the 16 anti-deputization stu- dent protesters arrested for trespassing at the Fleming Administration Building on Nov. 15 appeared before Judge Pieter Thomassen yesterday. It was their second pre-trial hearing at the Ann Arbor 15th dis- trict court. The remaining two students are out of the country, and are not contesting the charges. County Prosecutor Kirk Tabbey has of- fered the students a plea bargain agreement 0 0 lal hearing - forcing them to accept a fine and com- munity service, or go to trial. The April 4 final trial date set by Judge Thomassen will be cancelled if the stu- dents agree to the plea bargain offer - a fine of $200 and 72 hours of community service per person. If the defense accepts, there will be no trial, all charges will be dropped, and the defendants' records will bare no mark of the incident. The bargain is standard for first offend- ers found guilty of a misdemeanor. See PROTESTERS, Page 2 .Student pressures mark history of Black student enrollment by Sarah Schweitzer Daily Staff Reporter In the three decades affirmative action policies have existed at the University, their future has not al- ways been certain. The long-fought battle to make affirmative action in undergraduate enrollment a permanent fixture of University policy came about pri- marily through student initiative and persistence followed by ad- *ministration capitulation. Affirmative action originated in at the Univesity in 1970, when a coalition of Black students orga- nized the Black Action Movement (BAM). This group was outraged by the three percent enrollment of Black students, the lack of support services for Black students, and the small number of Black faculty members. When administrators refused BAM's demands, a strike was or- ganized. It lasted for one week and brought the University to a virtual standstill. In the ensuing negotiations, the University committed itself to in- creasing Black enrollment to at least 10 percent and implementing a series of programs designed to recruit Black and other minority students. Throughout the 1970s, aggres- sive recruiting and support pro- grams were implemented which doubled Black enrollment. From 1970 to 1976, Black student en- rollment increased from three to seven percent. These results pleased adminis- trators and students, but they knew other factors besides new policies worked in their favor. The Univer- sity had a large applicant pool be- cause of the baby boom genera- tion, and government funding for scholarships was abundant. These trends changed when the 1980s recession hit. The govern- ment cut back on funding for stu- dent scholarships and loans. The University also took for granted its initial success with mi- nority enrollment and turned its at- tention to other issues. With the diminished emphasis on minority recruitment, the num- bers dropped drastically. By 1981, Black enrollment had fallen to 4.9 percent. Critics charged that after Black students applied, little followup took place. So the admissions of- fice began to refine the recruit- ment process to make it more per- sonalized. Black students called Black In 1988 University President James Duderstadt released the Michigan Mandate, proclaiming a University commitment to achieve a multi-cultural" and "diverse" student body. increased. The administration's and ad- missions office's efforts paid off, as the numbers rose again. Slowly enrollment began to climb and by 1988, Black undergraduate enroll- ment stood at 5.9 percent. The climb was too slow for many and in 1987, frustrated stu- dents surrounded the Administra- tion Building for an entire day. The demonstration attracted national attention and even drew Jesse Jackson to Ann Arbor to act as a mediator. The upshot of these negotia- tions was a renewed committment by the University to increase Black student enrollment to 12 percent, to improve minority sup- See ENROLLMENT, Page 2 This drop - and the ensuing student reaction - caused a panic among administrators and brought a re-evaluation of the University's approach to minority enrollment. applicants to inform them of their acceptance; Black student re- cruiters were sent to predominantly Black high schools; and financial aid to Black and minority students SAUSI stages fishbowl die-in~ by Melissa Peerless Daily Staff Reporter Students who passed through the Fishbowl between noon and 12:15 yesterdayehad to carefully avoid stepping on "dead" bodies. The Guerilla Theater of Stu- dents Against United States Inter- vention in the Middle East (SAUSI) sponsored a "die-in" in the fishbowl yesterday. Approxi- mately 20 people participated in yesterday's performance. "We want to get people to .. confront the issues of war, partic- 'U' student arrested for murder in Cass County by Tami Pollak understands this," Atkinson said. you a ride," McClain said. "He'd Daily Crime Reporter Raihala is currently being held help you in your time of need." .nn200000 cash security bond McClain said he knew Bous- i CrassCounty poice arrested a University of Michigan student for the murder of a hometown friend last Sunday. According to reports from the Cass County Sheriffs office, LSA junior Michael Raihala allegedly stabbed and shot to death Rosalie Oleta Bousman, of Cassopolis, Michigan late Saturday night. Raihala was arraigned in Cass County yesterday on charges of open murder and felony firearms. Capt. Tom Atkinson said the victim had been stabbed 21 times and shot once at Raihala's house. He also said both murder weapons had been found "within the suspect's possession." Atrinon addedj that the inci- and a preliminary hearing has been .set for 9 a.m. Feb. 6, said Diane Ellgreen, secretary for the Cass County Prosecutor's office. Officers from the Cass County Sheriff's office, along with an Ann Arbor Police Detective, searched Raihala's Ann Arbor apartment Monday night. 'Mike's the kind of guy that if he was driving and he saw you walking, he'd pull over and give you a ride,' -A-nt;-tn;ntI Mernn man. "Mike and her hadn't been go- ing out. They were strictly friends. He had confided in her a lot, and she had confided in him. He was always keeping in contact with her. I think the last time she vis- ited here was two months ago dur- ing the study break." Raihala had gone home this weekend to help his mother, Mc- Clain said. Raihala's father re- cently passed away. "His mother takes care of his grandfather, and she needed a rest. He really loves his mother. The only reason he stayed here was because he knew he would have to be able to provide for her." iil :ib ..-hl1. iran .t r:1 it:.