Voluntary Cooperation Highlights IGY
(Continued froma Preceding Page) in the upper atmosphere. Similarl
only possible locations for special observations were done in the
stations. north of the aurora borelias or
northern lights.
However, Antartica was in an
class apart. It has beentestimated HE UNITED STATES' Antartic
tihat around a third of the cost ofj program was by far the moatI
the whole IGY has gone to the r
opening up of this region which, comprehensive of any country's.
as Prof. Chapman put it, we know No less than six stations were
less about than we do about the scheduled for occupation during
moon, the IGY.
All sky cameras were set up on The organizers of the IGY
Antartica, a continent of ap- divided the work into ten main
proximately five million square sections: meteorology, oceanology,
miles, to photograph the aurora glaciology; ionospheric physics, thes
australis, the sou thern hemi- aurora, geomagnetics, cosmic rays;
sphere's counterpart of northern seismology, gravity, and latitudes
lights, once every five to fifteen and longitudes.
minutes all through the long The ten sections are not all of
months of the polar night. equal importance to the program
Patrol spectrographs, automati- of the IGY. Most important of all
cally scanning the auroral dis- are those which must be observed
plays made records of their spec- most carefully at a period of sun-
teal lines which are a tell tale of spot maximum, when the terres-
the molecular and atomic species tial effects of the sun's activityI
are at a peak. This includes Iono-
spheric physics, aurora, geomag-
netism, and cosmic rays.
Less important but contribu-
ting to the effort of those men-
tioned above is the pursuit of the
study of earth's climate and
weather - meteorology, oc ano-
graphy and glaciology. The
methods of exploring the earth's
crust and core-seismology, grav-
ity, and latitudes-were included
on a world wide scale as a matter
of convenience at a time when
special stations would have been
set up over the entire globe any-
way.
'EN VOLUMES of the Annals of
the Geophysical Year were
published last year dealing with
instrumentation and observation.
About ten more will be published
dealing with the whole history of
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RADIO-TELESCOPE--The University's 28-foot radio-telescope
automatically tracks the sun, feeding radio waves emitted by it
during solar flares into receivers. The out-put from the receivers
is displayed on 'television screens which are continuously photo-
graphed.
planning and conferences for the can be analyzed and results inter-
IGY. preted.
The data and results of ob- IGY officials have a solution
servation will be stored for study to this problem as well.
by present-day and future sci- Approximately 10,000 scientists
bypreseinabut-dayanfurtvoures participating in the IGY have been
entists in about forty volumes of amassing millions and millions of
the Annals, observations and hundreds of
The bottleneck, as Prof. Chap- miles of record and film. To cata-
man put it, is in processing the logue, store, and make available
great volume- of information that the observations taken by these
has been gathered. It may be well scientists three world data cen-
over 15 or 20 years before the data ters-including ones in the United
States and Russia are being estab-
lished to serve as primary reposi-
tories of the data.
Either the original material or
copies of it will be deposited in
these archives. Each center will
allow scientific bodies and their
scientists access to all IGY ma-
terial in its possession and will
provide copies of the data at
cost, The data of meteorological
observations recorded on micro-
films, for instance, will be sold at
a cost of about $6,000.
tsHE PROGRAM has been much
Swe smore successful than that was
expected., Prof. Chapman and
Berkner did not expect so many
countries to participate or so many
subjects to be included.
Everything went as planned
except for a little disturbance due
to political reasons-the People's
Republic of China withdrew when
the decision to include Nationalist
China was taken.
Prof. Chapman said that the
program will have far reaching
consequences. The knowledge
gained will help improve weather
forcasting, radio - communication,
ocean currents and its effect on
climatic conditions and fisheries,
and other related phenomena.
Although the IGY is officially
completed with the end of this
year, Prof. Chapman said that
continued.discussions to study and
interpret the results of the in-
formation gathered are planned
during the next three or four
years. Complete processing and
study of data in some fields may,
however, take about twenty-five
years.
Most outstanding characteristic
of the program, Prof. Chapman
said, lies in the fact that participa-
tion of each country was entirely
on a voluntary and cooperative
basis. It was all like one family.
Finally, Prof. Chapman added,
4 e ° the program has helped improve
OP % G international relations and broad-
en understanding between nations
' Bank -one more aspect of'the immense
benefits made available to man-
kind from what has been called by
'urday scientists "the greatest assault in
the history of mankind on the
secrets of the earth, the atmos-
phere, and the sun."
THE MICHIGAN DAILY MAGAZINE
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Page Six
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