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SUMMER PLAYBILL:
'Angry Young Men'
Bloody Good Show

:i

DAY, JULY 9, 1959

NIGHT EDITOR: THOMAS HAYDEN

I

Schools Unsuccessful
In Teaching English

VIERICANS in general seem to have an
abiding dislike for English. They mutilate
language and disregard the literature,
'e often than not choosing a cheap paper-
kt book - both in price and content - over
thing resembling a masterpiece for casual
ling.
his phenomenal attitude is not limited
ely to that section of the population which
er got beyond grade school or secondary
cation, as was pointed out by a University
lent whose native land is Germany.
Vith a copy of "Dr. Zhivago" beside him,
ch he's reading for pleasure, he compared
numerous complaints he hears from Uni-
ity students about their dislike for litera-
with the German people's abundant inter-
in the study and enjoyment of that naion's
ary works.
he accuracy of his observations, at least on
local scene, is fairly obvious - all one has
to is talk to a few people around campus
liscover this.
HY SHOULD such neglect of one of the
basic components of our cultural heritage
t, even among the supposedly intellectually-
iulated youth of our nation? The first, and
haps the most nearly correct, conclusion
draws is that the public school system has
ed to give its students a proper concept of
value and fascination of literature.
n introduction to the world of books based
exercise concerning Jane's ability to catch
ed ball is hardly stimulating, but then,
her is a high school discussion centering
ly on the type of magical brew Shakes-

peare's witches conjured up in "Macbeth." Per-
haps this is being too harsh on the teachers in
the public schools, but the fact remains that
English, one of the most basic subjects, is all
too frequently one of the most hated.
Quit pampering high school students - let
the mdig into a good novel, analyze its symbol-
ism, discover what the author is driving at.
This advice, recently given to English teachers
by a colleague, Robert Jameson, may be just
what modern education needs and students
want.
THE MAJORITY of teenagers have an almost
fanatic interest in the way things work.
Educators foster this inclination in its mechan-
ical manifestation, often allowing class time in
which th eteenager canI tear his ancient auto
apart, find out the funcions of its parts and.
put it back together again. He enjoys owning
he car more if he understands its mechanism-
why couldn't the same principle apply to the
enjoyment of English?
Comparison of the complexities of "The Old
Man and the Sea" and a Model T is almost
ridiculous - yet students, given the chance,
have proved both willing and capable of at-
tacking the infinitely more involved job of ana-
lyzing the novel, increasing their pleasure in
reading by discovering the author's "mechan-
ism.
The growing trend, now that the Sputnik
craze for science is cooling off slightly, is to-
ward a balance of culture and technology --
let's provide the stimulation with some good,
meaty high school courses in English and the
humanities.
-KATHLEEN MOORE

THE OLD MEN are sturdy old
plants, left over from the Ed-
wardian Wilderness, who can't
understand why the sun isn't still
shining. And the Young Men
well, some of them write plays.
"Look Back in Anger" is a play
that boiled over a few years ago,
covering all of England and a
great, deal of the United States
with a statement of the problem
which plagues us all in one form or
another: What to do.
The British seem to be having
a particularly bad time of it
though, because their old social
order was a powerful and pervasive
one, and its gradual dissolution has
left behind a great many un-
answered questions and a wealth
of misdirected energy.
This problem is well stated by
John Osborne in his play, so that
it turns out to be a sociological
commentary on contemporary
England as well as an intriguing
drama. Osborne's play has at-
tracted attention for other reasons,
too. The "Angry Young Men" con-
cept, dear to the hearts of Cate-
gorizers, seems to have jumped out
of his title into the jargon.
* * *
JIMMY PORTER is an angry
young man looking back through
generations of decay to a once
glorious past. With him is his wife
Alison, whom he won from a proud
family of unreconstructed Ed-
wardians. And his friend Cliff who
looks back with comparative calm.
The scene is illuminated briefly
by Helena, a "saint in Dior's cloth-
ing," who comes to visit Alison
and stays for dinner. So Jimmy
exchanges one roommate for an-

other, but the anger lingers on,
for he is born out of his time, as
he says, and there he is. ,
Even though Alison returns at
the close of Act III, the problem is
far from resolved. Jimmy has a
wife more experienced in the
tragedy of the world, however, and
the two of them may find their
own framework to hang their
dreams upon.
Osborne has painted a frighten-
ing picture of man without pur-
pose. It is difficult to imagine what
sort of "godot" Jimmy Porter is
waiting for. Perhaps a new King,
a new Crusade, and a new Enemy
to conquer; anyhow an unlikely
combination.
HOWARD GREEN is Jimmy, al-
ternately fierce and gentle, but al-
ways intense as Hell. His voice,
although British only on the edges.
dominates the theatre. Marvin
Diskin has represented Cliff in
understanding terms. These two
work well together, from. slapstick
song and dance routines to agoniz-
ing reappraisals.
Lorraine Small turned an Act II
bust into an Act III boom. Her
gradual emergence from the mun-
dane world to Jimmy's world, and
back again was managed with in-
creasing skill. Elizabeth Robert-
son reversed this progress, tending
to lose strength during her transi-
tion to what should have been a
more powerful character.
Summing Up: 'One searches the
programme in vain for Osborne's
name - now he will be really
angry; but his play survives and
flourishes.
--David Kessel

4

PALACIO DE BELLAS ARTES-Trujillo has built his capital into one of the Caribbean's most
beautiful cities, though the standard of living for his lush island still lags below that of poorer Puerto
Rico. This art museum is representative of the fine public buildings the tourist sees.

Capib ean CU4Rel
By THOMAS TURNER

(Continued from Page 1)

TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Dilemma of the Democrats

can family which had lived in the
Dominican Republic a number of
years-a youngman, his wife, and
the wife's father.
The father is an outspoken Tru-
jillista, his son-in-law opposes the
dictator as strongly. The wife
attempted to referee.
Since outspoken opponents of
Trujillo may be in danger, and
his supporters might be equally
endangered were he overthrown,
these people asked that their
names be withheld.
"I admire Mr. Trujillo very
much," the old man began.
He explained he had lived in
the Dominican Republic most of
his life, and "had enjoyed the
security and friendship of the
man."
* * *
HE TOLD of Trujillo's rise
through the Army, his bloodless
coup, and of Trujillo's rebuilding
the capital after a hurricane
struck. "In Thankfulness," the
people renamed it Ciudad Tru-
jillo, he said.
The Ciudad is today one of the
most beautiful cities 'in the West
Indies, the old man continues,
with beautiful boulevards, fine
hotels, beautiful public buildings.
"The police system," he de-
clared, "is one of the best any-
where, while before his entry into
running the government life was
very cheap .. .

By WALTER LIPPMANN

FEW FORESAW how great would be, President
Eisenhower's success in dealing with this
Democratic Congress. Although the session is
not over the record already shows that while he
cannot induce the Congress to do all that he
would like to do, for example to have it confirm
Adm. Strauss, he has made himself master of
the _situation on any issue which involves the
spending of money. He is able to defeat all the
Democratic measures dealing with defense, with
foreign aid, with social welfare, and with public
improvement.
The Democrats have large majorities in both
Houses. Why, then, does the President have the
upper hand? Not, as Mr. Paul Butler has said,
because the Democrat siin the Senate lack two
votes of having a two-thirds majority capable
of overridin ga veto. For the fact of the matter
is that on measures requiring money, the Dem-
ocrats are split, with an important minority
supporting thePresident.
THE REASON, I believe, why the Democrats
are unable to reap the results of the 1958
victory is that the condition of the country has
changed since the election campaigns of 1950.
These campaigns were fought at the end of the
recession of 1957-1958 when there were still
large unemployment and reduced business ex-
penditure fbr plant and equipment. It is true
that economists had already detected signs of
an upturn in private employment as early as
April and May before the election. By Septem-
ber, there were signs that the recession in capi-
tal expenditure had ended. But for the mass of
the voters and for the politicians who were
runlning for Congress, the recession was still a
reality.
No one can say, I think, that the Democrats
won their majority solely because of the reces-
sion, though undoubtedly it helped them. For
even today, when the recovery has become a
boom, the Democratic party in the Congression-
al contest continues to gain popularity as
against the Republican party.;
What we can say is that when the Democratic
candidates made their promises to the voters,
the country believed that it was fighting the re-
cession. The promises involved increased Feder-
al expenditures for slum clearance, education,
health, airports, power development and the
like. All of these measures were attractive and
many of them necessary in themselves. But they
were also useful in creating jobs and in stimu-
lating business.
IN A RECESSION the generally accepted rem-
edy is public expenditure financed by bor-
rowed money which shows up as a budgetary
deficit. There are, I realize, many who reject
this theory. But the President and his Adminis-
tration do not reject it. In 1957, when the reces-
sion was showing itself, the President too was a

"spender," and though it was not avowed except
by certain of his own experts, his Administra-
tion was by no means opposed to a deficit as one
remedy for recession.
What was true in November, 1-958, when the
elections were fought, was no longer true when
the victorious Democrats came to Washington
in 1959. The recession was over. And according
to the accepted theory, deficits are desirable in
a slump and they are evil during a boom. This
meant that the progressive programs of the
Democrats could no longer, as was taken for
granted In the election campaign, be financed
by budgetary deficit. If the new measures were
to be adopted, they would have to be paid for
by an increase in taxes.
THIS, IT SEEMS TO ME, is the reason why
the President has prevailed when the expen-
diture of money is involved and why'the Demo-
crats feel so frustrated about the results of their
great victory in 1958. Their progressive program
may be as desirable a sever. But it now depends
not on painful taxation. Only a handful of
Democrats have ever proposed, much less fought.
for, new taxes to finance their progressive
measures. The great majority of the Democrats
as well as all the Republicans regard it as in-
disputable dogma that the tax rates set in 1954
are untouchable.
Now if you will not raise taxes, if you know
you must avoid a deficit during a boom lest it
inflate prices, then the extra expenditures for
defense and Tor welfare and for public services
must be given up.
AMONG THE DEMOCRATS there are two
arguments going on about this dilemma.
One, which is interesting, is as yet a sideshow.
It turns on the theory of Dr. Keyersling, which
I do not myself wholly understand, that in-
stead of restrictions to prevent inflation what
we need is bold expansion of public and pri-
vate investments. This may become a practical
political issue in the future. For the present it
is an argument among theoretical economists.
The central argument, however, is among the
practical politicians. The very great majority
of them .are in economics quite orthodox. They
accept the dogma that taxes cannot be raised,
that deficits must be avoided, and that, there-
fore, the President's vetoes will prevail. The
argument here is between Sen. Johnson and
the Democrats specially concerned with elec-
tions in Northern states where the two parties
are evenly balanced. Sen. Johnson's critics
want him to pass the progressive measures and
let the President veto them, thus building up
"a demonstration to the voters of what the
Democrats would like to do if only the Republi-
cans would let them,
WILL'THIS WORK? If it does, it can be only
because the voters have been allowed to
forget that in good times the spending mea-
sures have to be paid for by visible taxes. In
bad times, these measures are paid for invis-
ibly out of unemployed labor and unused plant.

"The people are extremely
friendly, especially toward stran-
gers .. .
"Every town is very clean .
"There is no question that the
military side of his organization
is up to the most modern ... his
soldiers are well-trained . . . his
airplanes and navy are in first-
class condition ... *
* * *
"ONE WHO has lived there a
number of years," the old man
concluded, speaking of himself
impersonally, "has always found
both the government and the
people:exceptionally friendly, and
one has a complete feeling of
security."
Then his son-in-law, obviously
a man of low boiling point, took
over. He characterized Trujillo as
a "bloody black monster."
When his wife and father-in-
law protested this was a little
strong, he elaborated: Trujillo has
killed, more of his people, propor-
tionally, than Hitler or Stalin.
The old man replied to this

LETTERS:
'White Misleading
On AlIgeria

charge that Trujillo had estab-
lished "order and respect."
"Order yes, respect no," the son
replied. He referred in passing to
the Haitian Border Massacre, in
which Trujillo killed "30,000"
Haitian agricultural workers.
He recommended I buy and
read "Blood in the Streets," a
description of the massacre that
"names names."
"But don't take it with you to
the Dominican Republic," he said
with a smile.
* * *
EVERYONE arriving at Ciudad
Trujillo, the son charged, is
searched by x-ray machine.
"The man's country is under
invasion," the old man said in
defense.
The son retorted that Trujillo
began using x-rays last year. He
then described what he called a
typical tourist experience:
A Dominican approaches the
foreigner as he stands at the bar.
"How do like it here?" the Do-
minican asks. Then, "what do you
think of Trujillo?" Unless both
questions are answered indicating
delight or at least satisfaction,
the tourist finds himself on the
next plane out of the country.
"There are two spies for every
tourist," the young man added.
"But you complained," his wife
said, referring to the period in
which they lived under Trujillo.
Her husband replied that he
complained only about the work-
ers, not about the dictator.
* * *
IE TOOK UP the attack again,
objecting to his father-in-law's
picture of the Dominican Republic
as a paradise for foreign busi-
nessmen.
"What new foreign capital has
come in in the last 10 years?" he
asked, later excepting two mining
ventures from his generalization.
Americans don't dare build fac-
tories, he charged,dfor "there is
no assurance he (Trujillo) won't
want in.'"
He then described for me his
own experiences.
Until shortly after the war, he
said, the first by which he was
employed had no competition.
Trujillo decided he "wanted in,"
but the firm's manager was "stu-
pidly stubborn" and refused to
accede.
So Trujillo build a rival com-
pany, and forced a boycott of the
other's product in all cities of the
Dominican Republic.
But the government plant was
turning out an inferior product
and failed after one and one-half
years of the boycott. So the dic-
tator required the still-stubborn
firm \to. buy out his plant at a
fantastic price.
Soon afterward, a law was
passed requiring all persons hold-
ing the young man's job (he was
the only one in the country) to be
citizens. He and his family left
for Puerto Rico.
THE CONVERSATION then
turned to "privilege." After ad-
mitting that army officers and
politicos enjoyed special benefits,
the old man said laborers did too.
"Trujillo is a union," he claim-
ed. "They're loyal to him."
His son-in-law answered by
telling of a strike in the plant
where he worked,
The workers organized and
elected "a bright young fellow" as
'their leader.
He was found the next morning
with his head crushed by a hit
and run driver, the younger man

{

-Daily-Allan Winder
MARVIN' DISKIN AND ELIZABETH" ROBERTSON-Caught in a
rare scene of comparative quiet during Act I of John Osborne's
"Look Back in Anger," current production of the department of
speech summer playbill.
CARILLON CONCERT
Price Demonstrates
IT IS ALWAYS a most satisfying musical experience to hear a Perci-
val Price carillon 'recital, for we hear not only an outstanding car-
illon virtuoso, not only an arranger whose handling of folk melodies
and themes demonstrates a unique craftsmanship, but also a composer
whose imagination and originality as shown in the many noteworthy
compositions he has written for the carillon place him as the outstand-
ing composer of carillon music of our time. Such a performance was
the one Tuesday evening.
By writing music in the larger forms of composition, such as the
Sonata and Variation, as well as music in the smaller song forms, he

I.

To The Editor:
I HAVE JUST read the column
entitled "Push Algerian Posi-
tion" by William White in your
issue of July 7. It is a masterpiece
of artful mendacity, one which
commands my respect for his
manifest skill in distortion. Though
the author deserves citation for
his suave use of argument by in-
direction, the unwary should be
warned that his arguments are by
no means original. Mr. White has
borrowed them from a century of
literature by colonial regimes seek-
ing to justify their continued exist-
ence.
White's first, and admittedly
sly, ploy is to drop the suggestion
that Algeria is as much a part of
France as is Texas of the United
States. By the same token In-
donesia was part of the Nether-
lands and India was part of Brit-
ain. Both nations had as good a
claim to their colonial estates as
does France to hers. For that mat-
ter, Mr. White should have men-
tioned that Indo-China was also
part of France.
White remarks that the Al-
gerians have captured the free
world's "easy" sympathy. This
comment indicates, as in the case
of women of "easy" virtue, that
the free world's sympathy is highly
suspect, if not w'orse.
* * *
HIS NEXT gambit is even more
impressive and dubious. He in-
forms us that the French residents
of Algeria are "authentic" and
cannot speak as accused "colo-
nizers." A marvel of logic. It comes
out sounding as though the French
are the real natives of Algeria

a few years ago-the French are
no longer competent to pass judge-
ments. It has, by the way, been ar
gued by competent observers that
the prolongation of French mili-
tary domination in Algeria is the
factor which can cause Communist
influence to grow. (Prior to World
War II the Japanese used the same
argument to justify their control
of Manchuria.)
Finally, he states that the
French believe they will have
broken the Algerian revolt by the
end of 1959. They were equally
convinced in 1951 that they would
have broken the Indo-Chinese re-
volt by 1952. Oddly enough, they
were mistaken. They were also
mistaken in 1954 when they an-
nounced their "mopping -up"
operations in Indo-China would be
completed early in 1955.
* * *
THE FACT IS that the French
minority in Algeria has never yet
given political or economic equality
to the non-French majority. The
Algerian nationalist movement has
been driven by French hostility all
too far in the direction of welcom-
ing aid even from communists,
and western interests have been
seriously compromised if not fa-
tally damaged.
We have bent over backwards
for years so as not to offend the
French and weaken their attach-
ment to NATO, only to discover
that their "attachment" to NATO
is too weak to be of any moment.
By so doing we have furnished
potent ammunition to the com-;
munists in their war to win the
minds of people in the un-com-
mitted countries. France itself is
seriously burdened by the heavy

r~.

has shown us the carillon as an
important musical instrument.
The variety of ways in which he
manipulates rhythmic and tonal
patterns, the discretion with
which he uses the tremolando ef-
fect, the ingenious way he devel-
ops a theme, shows that he has
a great sensitivity and penetrat-
ing insight into the musical possi-
bilities of the large and small
bells.
*I * *
THE OPENING number, The
Bells (William Byrd) was ar-
ranged by Price from the Fitzwil-
liam Virginial Book. This is a de-
scription of the pealing of the
bells of London.
The next number was the So-
nata for 47 Bells (Percival Price).
Its four movements are Allegro,
Andante, Scherzo, Aria con varia-
zione. The forceful first theme in
the exposition, of the Allegro is
beautifully contrasted with a sec-
ond theme.
THE KELLOSAVEL Variations
(Percival Price) were nine varia-
tions in modern style on the 7-bell
chime composed by Sibelius for
the clock in Berghall, Finland.
Each variation had its own dis-
tinctive mood, yet never did we
lose the development of the main

OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no edi-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Build-
ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding
publication. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday.
THURSDAY, JULY 9, 1959
VOL. LXIX, NO. 12-S
General Notices
President and Mrs. Hatcher will be-
hosts at an informal reception honor-
ing Summer Session students on
Thurs., July 9 from 8 to 10 p.m. at the
President's home. All Summer Session
students are invited.
Astronomy Dept. Visitors' Night. Fri.,
July 10, 8:30 p.m., Rm. 2003 Angelr Hall.
Benjamin F. Peery, "The Milky way."
Student Observatory, fifth floor, Angell
Hall, open for inspection and telescop..
ic observations of the Moon, venus,
and Jupiter. Children welcomed, but
.must be accompanied by adults,
School of Nursing: Student hand.

k,

I