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Kaikaze Pilot

'URDAY, JUNE 27, 1959

NIGHT EDITOR: KATHLEEN MOORE


Congress vs. President:
A History of Struggle

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AT THE CAMPUS:
Circus of Love'
Boasts Circus, Love
"CIRCUS OF LOVE" opened at the Campus Theatre last night. Be-
fore discussing the movie, I am forced to tell a little about cir-
cuses to place the plot in the proper setting.
The circus is a gay, a madly gay place. It is the home of bearded
ladies and tattooed men. Occasionally there are bearded men and tat-
tooed ladies, but the principle is the same.
Circuses, too, boast exotic women, like Hawaiian hula dancers
or snake charmers. And what would a circus be without a fat lady,

i

HOUGH THE American people may right-
fully point an accusatory finger at the
nited States Senate for its recent conduct in
ie Luce and Strauss confirmation debates,
ey should not carry defense of the executive
anch of the government, and its powers, to
rerly great lengths. /
The history of the United States government,
as been a long series of power struggles in the
ame of the .Constitution for supremacy, es-
cially between the legislature and the execu-
ve. At various times, both sides have been
redominant.
In the great slavery debates before the Civil
rar, for instance, all constructive legislation
nd debate was carried on by Congress, with
ie Presidents content to look on at the side-
nies. But when Lincoln, and war - a strong
ipport for executive strength - came to
rashington, the executive again became the
cus of power, with Lincoln directing the war
fort and sometimes appealing over the heads
Congress to the people. A Congressional re-
ction to the loss of preeminence was the Com-
ittee on the Conduct of the War, which was
ighly critical of the Lincoln-directed war ef-
rt. While Lincoln was alive, though, Congress
as kept to sniping and could not make a
rious -attack on the executive. When the
esker, less tactful Andrew Johnson came to
le White House, the situation again changed.
THIS CONFLICT is still going on. Claims of
"executive privilege," the Army-McCarthy
earings- and the attempt of Sen. Henry Jack-
n (D-Wash.) to investigate the National
ecurity Council are only a few manifestations.
rngressional criticism of the Supreme Court
an example of Congressional self-defense in
nother field of battle.
Rankled by Republican charges of "doing
othing" and encouraged by men with per-

sonal vendettas, the Democratic Congress fired
two more shots in the never-ending battle.
Congress need not follow the executive at all,
it asserted, if it did not want to do so. It has
powers and dignity and should by no means
become a rubber stamp for the executive; in-
deed, Congress, though opposed to the politi-
cal program of a minority President, has in-
creasingly been forced to fall into the executive
line.
It is good that Congress has asserted its in-
herent power, though it's means were, to un-
derstate, most sordid. That the branches of
the government would conflict in this general
manner was intended by the Founding Fathers
to preserve our democratic republic. Madison
wrote in the Federalist, ". . . the great security
against a gradual concentration of the several
powers in the same department consists in giv-
ing to those who administer each department
the necessary constitutional means and per-
sonal motives to resist the encroachments of
the others."
DAY, WHILE a strong executive leader-
ship is needed, it is important that this not
be too strong; one-man rule is not as remote
a possibility as it may seem. The whole psycho-
logical conditioning of this age militates
against individualistic democracy and towards
the Leader. Though this probably will never
come to pass in extreme form in the United
States, still, too much concentration of power
is dangerous - men are never always right.
Congress. has acted, unwisely in the tactical
sense; many Senators will suffer personal
losses of prestige and certainly the legislature
as an institution will come in for some con-
tempt. But in the wider sense, a Congressional
reminder of legislative power is always needed..
After all, the basis of this nation is democratic
decentralization.
PHILIP SHERMAN

I


although these are often found in
middle class American homes.
The circus is the place where
strong men are kings, daring ac-
robats are knights' and midgets
are short. The circus must have a
brass band, color and gaiety.
And these people are not only
flashy, no sir. Circus folk, Amer-
ica, are homey folk, just like next
door except that some of the wo-
men have beards. They love and
exert other violent passions; they
raise children; they are gay, gay
folk.
WHAT IS MORE stirring than
a parade led by a gaily costumed
band and beautiful women, and
following a series of unusual
people?
YES, THE CIRCUS is spectacle,
right from the balloons and cot-
ton candy to the daring, color and
wonder of the show itself.
It is no wonder, then, that the
circus has appeal to thousands.
And with this appeal, who could
best utilize its services but a
movie producer? And why? To
attract thousands of people who
don't care about acting or plot or
anything but circus.
The Germans have done it with.
"Circus of Love" and' sent it to
America. This shows the inherent
generosity of the Germans, who
are people of character and fine
breeding. They sent Curt Jurgens,
Eva Bartok and a cast of thous-
ands (in Technicolor, of course.)
No, "Circus of Love" does not
need good acting, or plot, because
it has the circus, the wonderful,
colorful, enchanting, intriguing,
m a r v elI o u s circus fresh from.
Frankfurt.
Totalling the results: Add one
for the circus. Subtract 27.3 for
everything else.
--Robert Junker

FRANCE:
Conference
Hopes Dim
By JOHN SCALI-
WASHINGTON (P) - President
Eisenhower and President
Charles de Gaulle of Prance, who
would like to sit down and talk.
are embroiled in. a polite diplo-
matic tug of war over how to ar-
range a meeting.
Neither, because of prestige and
other reasons, appears to be will-
ing to make a special trip to talk
to the other. Meanwhile, some
serious problems disturbing
French-American relations con-
tinue to pile up although top
aides acknowledge a face-to-face
meeting between the two men
undoubtedly could ease the sting.
Both sides appear convinced
an Eisenhower-de Gaulle confer-
ence will be arranged somehow-
some time. But both are vague
about when.
DE GAULLE SAYS he's too
busy to consider a trip to Wash-
ington in the near future.
Eisenhower has left the impres-
sion he's too busy to hop across
the Atlantic for a special De
Gaulle conference.
This diplomatic maneuvering
actually is a reflection of mis-
givingsEisenhower and de Gaulle
have about each other's policies.
Most foreign leaders would have
no hesitation in accepting an
Eisenhower invitation to fly to
Washington., But De Gaulle is
believed deliberately holding off
lest it appear he is going hat in
hand to talk with Eisenhower.

I

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Tribute to Bruce Harlan

A

By AL JONES
CHEBOYGAN, Mich. - It was
hard to believe when it first
came over the radio-the broad-
cast informing all unsuspecting
and unbelieving souls that Bruce
Harlan was dead. The first im-

INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
The Russian Trade Weapon

By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
THE COMMERCIAL FAIRS of the Soviet
Union +in New York and of the United
States in Moscow this summer are billed as
parts of a cultural exchange designed to in-
crease understanding between the nations. Ac-
tually they are parts of the cold war.
Underlying is the effort of the United States
to show the people of the Soviet Union what
they are missing and thereby make them un-
happy with their regime.'
Underlying is the long and unremitting effort
of the Soviet Union to establish trade with
capitalist countries and thereby place herself
in a position to undercut them in a crisis.
MOST PEOPLE conceive of the Russian trade
campaign, pointed up so effectively dur-
ing the recent visit here of Deputy Premier
Mikoyan, as a manifestation of the Khrush-
chev regime. It Is widely considered, especially.
in Britain, as an effort by Russia reallz to ob-
tain things that she needs in her economic de-

velopment, and as a program which contains
the possibility of profit for both sides.
This conception is held, of course, by people
who haven't read of the Communist book, just
as so many people failed to read Hitler's book.
The campaign has been going on for nearly
half a century.
The Communist book is plain for all to read.
LENIN, who wrote much of it, said: "When
the capitalist world starts to trade with us
--on that day they will begin to finance their
own destruction."
Gerry McManus is anformer Communist,
member of the Party's Canadian Central Exec-
utive for 19 years, and former treasurer of the
Canadian Seaman's Union.
The other day he -told a Moral Re-armament
Conference at Mackinac Island that for the
Communists "trade is an ideological weapon.
If you deliver 10 per cent of your national
trade to the Communist world, you give them
the perfect chance to create a crisis in your
country any time they wish to pull the econ-
omic rug out from under you."

pulse was to cry, the second, to
dive for a typewriter.
The loss of Bruce Harlan is a
loss to Michigan that cannot be
stimated easily. Not only was
Bruce THE best diving coach in
the business, but he was also the
driving force behind Michigan's
great swimming supremacy, both
through his spirit, and through the
numberless swimmers he brought
to the team.
Only lasmwinter, Harlan had his
one great idea outlined-"The new
diving empire of the collegiate
world." He had, himself, been one
of the greatest divers in the world,
and the greatest force, under Mike
Peppe of Ohio State University, in
setting up the Buckeye dynasty
that ruled college diving for so
many years.
BUT THEN HARLAN moved to
Michigan, and slowly, through his
tireless coaching and recruiting,
his divers began to move in on the
Buckeyes. Now that Don Harper,
the last of the Ohio State greats,
has graduated, the diving realm
belongs to Michigan . . . only
Bruce Harlan will never get to see
the fulfillment of the dream to
which he gave substance.
There is a terrible regret for his
youth - and also an unavoidable
fear. Harlan was a tremendously
important part of Michigan's great
youth movement - encompassing
every sport-building a houseful
of great coaches, to work together
for perhaps thirty years or more.
They have lost a member now,
perhaps the most popular, best
liked and most skillful of their
number. One can visualize the
crape overhanging the great house,
the regret of the rest of the family.
The show world, too, has suf-
fered a severe loss. Harlan was
still, at 33, perhaps the greatest
-Ter in the world. The fraternity
of divers is a close one, and Harlan
was more like a brother than a
coach to the boys with whom he
worked. It isrperhaps these,the
boys who were headed into show
busines. with him, who suffer the
worst loss of all. To replace their
teacher and guide is more than

difficult, it is impossible. There
is no other man, living or dead,
who knew or could do the things
Bruce Harlan could on a diving
board.
* * *
ONE CAN almost picture the
men in Fritz's Castle now, looking
at one another with the hollow
feeling of loss mirrored in their
eyes. Some of the eyes may be
surrounded by the wrinkles of ap-
proaching age, and may be simply
touched with a sorry tear.
But the more youthful ones will
wear a certain lost look, and the
mind behind the eyes will be
vaguely uneasy over the quiet
thought: "How long is a 33-year-
old man supposed to live?" Many
of them are not religious men, but
they are all human, and there is:
supposed to be a law of averages-
especially to those whose liveli-
hoods depend upon winning games
and beating that law.
Of course, some will say the law
of averages finally caught up with
Bruce Harlan, for he was a dare-
devil of a man. But he was also
one hell of a nice guy.

ALL TRADITIONAL:
Senate Inefficient,
But Changes Unlikelyi
By ARTHUR EDSON
Associated Press Newsfeatures Writer
THE SENATE will be leisurely bobbing along on swell after swell
of oratory, and suddenly some Senator will pop up and say in
words far more eloquent than these:
"Men, there must be a better -way of doing business."
Of course he will be right. Of course no one will pay the slightest
attention. For Senators love to talk about how we are now in the

A
A


TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Debate on Defense
{. By WALTER LIPPMANN

LAST WEEK the Democratic Advisory Coun-
eil issued a long pamphlet dealing with
national defense. The worst thing that can be
sadi about it is that it is sponsored by a po-
litical party, or rather by a faction of a poli-
tical party, and that it will, therefore, be
heavily discounted. This is a pity. For, disre-
garding a few unnecessary and extraneous
partisan phrases, the pamphlet deserves a very'
careful reading.
There is a large literature already existing
which is critical to our defense policy. Having
read a good deal of it, I would venture to say
that this pamphlet is much the best in its
field, evidently quite expertly informed, rea-
sonable and civilian in its temper, and lucidly
written.
It ought not to be brushed aside as a parti-
san document, For, in fact, the argument it
makes has the support of large numbers of
Republicans, especially of those who have paid
close attention to the problem of defense, and
of many of the military men who by common
consent are leaders in military thought. More-
over, the pamphlet is not a Democratic party
document since there is no reason to think
that the present Democratic leadership in
Congress agrees with it.
TH1ETWO MAIN POINTS of the pamphlet
are familiar enough. The first one deals
with the "missile gap" which, on the admis-
sion of Secretary McElroy, is likely to bring it
ant that in the next thre evear + t heTSS

of our Strategic Air Force. The pamphlet does
not say that the USSR would, or is likely to
try for such a Pearl Harbor. But it is right in
saying that the existence of this theoretical
3 power would have an important effect on the
political relations between the West and the
Communist powers.
"The other point, which is also familiar, is
that defense cannot be allowed to depend solely
on nuclear weapons - the big ones which- are
suicidal or the small ones which would be dev-
astating to our allies and to the uncommitted
countries.
The pamphlet contains a carefully reasoned
and persuasive argument why expenditures
should be increased to close the missile gap and
to increase our conventional forces.
W HAT INTERESTED me most in the pamph-
let, given the fact that it was written un-
der the auspices of Mr. Dean Acheson, was the
illuminating candor with which it explains how
things have changed since the Truman ad-
ministration. The critical change is this: odr
original strategy in NATO was based on our
possession at the time of a monopoly of nu-
clear weapons. Under those conditions, a small
ground force backed by the irresistible power
of the Strategic Air Force was quite sufficient
to hold in check the enormously superior
masses of the Red army.
Our monopoly was broken by the Soviets in
1949 and this has brought with it, as the USSR

SWIM GALA
*.,.skill, showmanship

BRUCE HARLAN
* . . 33 years old

PROBLEM FOR DEMOCRATS:
'Opposition' Has Trouble Opposing

space age, how this is a time for
fresh approaches, for fresh think-
ing.
But when it comes to running
their own little shop, well, it's no
accident that each Senatorial
desk still has a well-filled snuff
box even though the regular snuf-
fers have long departed.
It may not be fair to say that
the Senate never changes, but it
is fair to say that it never changes
much.
* * *
ONE RECURRING complaint is
the way the Senate arranges its
working day.
Committee hearings are usually
scheduled to begin around 10 a.m.
The Senate itself is normally
called to order at noon. At this
season of the year, when bills are
piling up, it may hang around
five or six hours or longer,
You will note thatrno time is
allowed for a Senator toy eat -or
to take care of the other little
necessities of life.
Partly because of this, Sena-
torial attendance is sometimes
shocking. Often it seems you can
find a Senator almost anywhere
but on the Senate floor.
OCCASIONALLY such scenes as
this are produced.
Sen. Russell B. Long (D-La.):
"I notice there are no Republi-
cans on the floor. It would be a
very simple matter to abolish the
Republican Party by unanimous
consent."
Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (D-
Minn.): "I am always keenly in-
terested In making worthwhile
public improvements. However, in
this instance, a friend of the
Republican Party asked me to
protect his rights. He is now en-
tering the chamber."
And so Sen. Barry Goldwater
(R-Ariz.) comes back just in time
to save his party from possible
extinction.,
Can nothing be done?
WELL, SEN. WAYNE Morse (D-
Ore.) has bobbed up with a sug-
gestion.
Why not. have the Senate meet,

DAILY
OFFICIAL
BIULLETIN
The Daily official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of "Michigan 'for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no edi-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Build-
ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding
publication. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday.
SATURDAY, JUNE 27, 1959
VOL. LXIX, NO. 5-S
Lectures
Guest Lecturer: Dr. Karl Ernst, Di-
rector of Music, San Francisco Public
Schools, will present a lecture entitled
"Music Education Looks Ahead," on
Monday, June 29, at 4:15 p.m. The lec-
ture, which will be held in the Rack-
ham Amphitheaetr, will be open to the
general public.
Forum Lecture, Linguistics Institute.
"An outside View of Transformation
Theory." Prof. Paul L. Garvin, George-
town U. Tues., June 3%k 7:30 p.m. Rack-
ham Amphitheater.
Concerts
Student Recital: Judith Woodall,
voice, in partial fulfillment of the re-
quirements for the degree Master of
Music. Aud. A, Angell Hall, Sat.,.June
27, 8:30 p.m.
Student Recital: Don, Ridleybari-
tone, Sun., June 28, 4:15 p.m. Aud. A,
Angell Hall, in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree Bach-
elor of Music.
Recital Postponed: The student re-
cital by Jean Austin, soprano, ori-
ginally scheduled for Sun., June 2%, has
been postponed until a later date.
Carillon Concert: Staf Nees, guest
carillonneur from Belgium, will pre-
sent a concert from the Burton Mem-
orial Tower, bell-tower Tues., June 30,
8:30 p.m.
Lecture-Recital Postponed: The, lec-
ture-recital by John Flower, pianist,
originally'announced for Tues., June
30, has been postponed, and will be
held on Thurs., June 16, 8:30 p.m. Aud.
A, Angell Hall.
Academic Notices
Schools of Bus. Ad., Education, Mu-
sic, Natural Resources and Public
Health: Students who received marks

4
i,

;u

t-f

By MICHAEL KRAFT
Special to The Daily
WASHINGTON - Whether or
not President Eisenhower ac-
tually vetoes the housing bill now
on his desk and "sharpens the
campaign issues," as one Demo-
cratic senator put it, the prelim-
inaries to the executive-legislative
branch conflict are perhaps even
moredsignificant than the actual
showdown, if and when it comes.
In passing this week the $1,375,-
000 housing bill called "too expen-
sive" by the Administration, the
Democrats failed in both houses
to get the two-thirds majority
necessary to override a Presiden-
tial veto. The expressed hope of
the Democratic leadership . had
been to make the bill "veto-proof"
and in this hope lies the irony of
+he rn-ran+ nnlien.1 a+fmn

SEN. JOHNSON, in his Senate
floor speech, stressed the theme
of responsibility:
"Our job is to provide for the
orderly operation of government.
Just because the President is a
member of another party doesn't
mean I have to fight him," Sen.
Johnson said.
The Texas Democrat said he re-
jected the philosophy of a pre-
vious Senate leader, Robert Taft,
who said "the opposition's duty
is to oppose."
Sen. Johnson said the voters
recognized the responsibility and
as a result, while they reelected
President Eisenhower, they put
the Democrats in firm control of
both Houses. "They gave the
Democrats a legislative mandate,"
he declared.
o M mR mli *n- mn

litical power of an executive who
will soon leave office.
But with the exception of the
Strauss episode, which is more a
case ofa personality than legisla-
tive program,. the Democrats have
been markedly unable to channel
their November victory wave..
Rather, they themselves have
been dampened, partly by the Re-
publican label of "big spenders"
and also by the lack of noticeable
constituent enthusiasm for large
public work programs and the
possibility of necessary new taxes.
-* - *
AT THE SAME TIME, Presi-
dent Eisenhower, without two
previously important supports -
Sherman Adams and John Foster
Dulles - is standing firmly on his
political ground and showing
more vigor than ever before.
"The President proposes, Con-
"Vnvo Aic n V ..nh .arhs

I

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