EXECUTIVE SESSION SECRECY DANGEROUS See Page 2 I, Sixty-Eight Years of Editorial Freedom a I, , HUMID, POSSIBLE SHOWERS VOL. LXII, No. 31S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 5, 1959 FIVE CENTS FOUR PAGES POLES GREET NIXON -. Cheering Poles met Vice-President Richard M. Nixon as he toured the country the past two days. His two-week junket ended, Nixon now heads back to Washington. N ixon Completes Two-Week Journey WARSAW (P)-Winding up his handshaking. tour in the Com. munist world, Vice-President Richard M. Nixon yesterday called for an end to racial prejudice and an -Increase in the free ikternational exchange of ideas. Nixon flies back to Washington today after 15 days in the Soviet Union and Poland. He was the highest United States official to visit the Communist PUERTO RICO: Governors Eye Taxes In Country (EDITOR'S NOTE: Thomas Tur- ner, 1959-60 Daily Editor, lives in Puerto Rico where the American Governors' Conference is presently in session.) By THOMAS TURNER SAN JUAN - Gov. G. Mennen Williams told his fellow governors yesterday he is still unclear how Michigan will solve its financial crisis. Chairing a discussion group on "Tax and Revenue Problems" .which included governors of most populous states, Gov. Williams again indicated the defeat of a personal income tax plan by Michigan Republicans was a po- litical move. A Republican caucus sand- wiched, between regular sessions yesterday gave the impression the GOP is trying to put up a united front for 1960. GOP Talks Politics Gov. William Stratton of Il- linois, who called the caucus, said it was primarily social but didn't deny politics were discussed. Still only three Republican gov- ernors have : committed them- selves for 1960, all in favor of Vice-President Richard M. Nixon. New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller said again he has "no plans to be a candidate."' He said he instead would "try to do a good job in NewYork."' Dules Warns Governors Allen Dulles, director of the Central Intelligence Agency, told newsmen that "the evidence is overwhelming that the Soviets in- tend to use nuclear blackmail against the United States." Threats to Britain and France during the Suez crisis show the pattern, according to Dulles. Therefore the United States must retain its retaliatory power, he said. Governors who previously heard cases for Puerto Rican. independ- ence received letters Tuesday from "pro liberacion dominicana." The letters call the Rafael Tru- jillo dictatorship in the Domini- can Republic a source of Carib- bean tension and ask each gov- ernor to inform his state of the situation. End Session In Disputes VIENNA, Austria (P)-The Com- munist - sponsored seventh World Youth Festival ended last night with no decisive victory for either East or West. %Anti - Communists, including many American- delegates, felt they had made inroads on the Red propaganda front, but the Com- munists obviously felt otherwise. The first such event ever held outside the Iron Curtain, the 10- day Festival devoted to peace and friendship had seen almost con- tinuous clashes between pro and anti-Communists. A majority of the United States delegation denounced the festival as a "tool for the advancement of world Communism." About 200 of the 350 Americans here are planning to tour the So- viet Union following, the festival. U.S. Government Details of remier's 4 Foreign Ministers Give Up Discussion GENEVA (-) - The Big Four foreign ministers worked last night to draw up a charter of failure for the 1959 Geneva foreign ministers conference, one of the longest and least fruitful round of high-level talks., Secretary of State Christian A. Herter and his Western colleagues met with Soviet Foreign. Minister Andrei A. Gromyko in disagree- ment even on the language of their final communique.j This was not a great source of diplomatic dismay, however.. The general feeling here is that the forthcoming trips by President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev have Visit Ike Readies EuropeTip Negotiations Khrushchev's Travels Still Being Discussed, Will Begin Sept. 15 WASHINGTON ()-Soviet Pre- mier Nikita S. Khrushchev will see North, South, East and West unde plans shaping up for' his history- making tour of the United States. President Dwight D. Eisenhower is expected to fly to Europe the last week in August, in his meet- the-allies jaunt preparatory to a visit to Russia this fall returning J1Khrushchev's trip. Ponders .taken the ministers off the world since World War II. His Professors View Results Of Mission-I trip is now to be followed by the exchange of visits between Presi- dent Dwight D. Eisenhower and Soviet Premier 'Nikita S. Khrush- chev. By STEPHANIE ROUMELL "Vice-President Richard M. Nix- on has made political capital out- of his recent trip to the Soviet Union and to Poland," Prof., John P. White of the political science department says. "Nixon has gotten himself into the public eye," Prof. White con- tinued. "He can now say that he has been to Russia and conversed there with that nation's leaders. Wheth- er or not the beneficial political effect were a primary intention of the vice-president in taking the trip cannot, of course, be said," Prof. White cautioned, "but all politicians must be concerned with the effect their movements have on the public eye." Rockefeller's Disadvantage New York Gov. Nelson Rocke- feller is at the disadvantage in the run for the GOP nomination since his concern is with domestic af- fairs, Prof. White said. Rockefeller is not in an official position to hold himself up as an expert on foreign affairs, he noted. Prof. White said that Rocke- feller's final decision will probably be greatly influenced'by what the Gallup polls show at convention time-how Nixon holds up in the face of Democrat opposition. "But should the occasion offer itself, Rockefeller is willing to be- come President," Prof. White as- serted. srdWaiting for Chance "In the meantime he can only wait and see. "Rockefeller won't run for exer- cise," Prof. White maintained. "If he gets into the Presidential race, it will be because he thinks he has a chance to take it." Prof. Harold K. Jacobson of the political science department, said that the basic impetus of Nixon's trip was the President's assign- ment. Nixon's Mission "Nixon went to Russia because he had to go-the President sent him," Prof. Jacobson commented, "and while he played it for all its political worth, the vice-president has been in no way neglectful in carrying jut this international mission while reaping beneficial effects in the public eye." Prof. Jacobson cited the pri- maries as possibly influencing Rockefeller's decision as to the Visits Ghetto Cheers continued, to echo in Nixon's ears as he went through Warsaw yesterday, but the tour took on a somber note with a visit ghetto, obliterated in World War to the site- of Warsaw's Jewish II by Nazi murderers. The ghetto is about.one-third rebuilt, although only a few thou- sand Jews remain of Poland's pre-- war three million. Nixon walked through the rubble, looked around and told newsmen: "We thinli here of the terrible suffering of the people "of Warsaw and Poland. This ruined building is more than a memorial. It brings home lessons that we forget too quickly.. Calls -for Tolerance "Men of goodwill, whatever their economic, political or social phi- losophy should be united in fight-. ing against prejudice because we have here a grim reminder of what happens when such forces are un- leashed. "As we move into what we hope will be a period of peace, we must wage a battle against the forces that would inspire and stimulate such religious and racial hatreds." He also laid a wreath on a mass grave outside Warsaw in the Pal- miry Forest, where 2,000 Poles were slaughtered by the Nazis. - The Vice-President was the first foreign dignitary to visit the site, the Poles said. He had lunch with Polish offi-' cials including Communist party chief Wladyslaw Gomulka and Premier Josef Cyrankiewicz. Li t.le Rock Board Sets Sc hool Date LITTLE ROCK (A'-The Lttle. Rock school board, in an apparent move to head off interference by' Gov. Orval E. Faubus, last night announced it would reopen the city's four high schools one week' from tomorrow. The. schools, closed by Faubus. against integration last Sept. 12, had been scheduled to reopen Sept. 8 with six Negro students assigned to once-white schools. The motion to open earlier was made at a meeting last night by Ted Lamb,- one of three, board members who bitterly oppose Pau- bus' school policies. Lamb's motion carried unani- mously after Supt. Terrull Powell said \ schools could be ready' by the Aug. 12 opening date. "Most of the children planning to return to Little Rock high schools this fall have been out of. the school system for a year," Lamb said. "Because of this, I believe there is a good deal of merit in extend- ing the term for a few weeks." Faubus was reported out of the, city and unavailable for comment on the board's action. But he has been highly critical of the plan to assign Negroes to white schools and rumors have held he plans another special ses- sion of the legislature to stop it. The governor has suggested that two. schools be integrated and two left for segregationists but a board attorney said this plan was of doubtful legality. A. hastily called August, 1958, session gave Faubus the law under which he closed Little Rock's four high schools to keep seven Ne- groes from attending one of them, Central High. The school closing law was struck down in federal court earlier this year. Sixty Negroes expressed a desire to attend white schools when the board registered students two weeks ago. All but six were as- signed to Central and three to Hall High. hook. Collapse Offset The collapse of the talks was offset by the Eisenhower-Khrush- chev exchange of visits which will keep up the East-West dialogue-- even though the original Soviet threat to Berlin remains. The 10-week conference closes down today with a, public ses- sion. Herter flies home Thursday. Western informants said Gro- myko tried to get a communique listing.a catalogue of areas of agreement and disagreement. But the West insisted on a short, terse message. The West's idea was to call at- tention in the communique to the fact that the ministers will be in New York in mid-September for the United Nations General As- sembly meeting, where they would have a chance to fix a date for resuming the talks on Berlin. Silent on Opinions Western informants said both' sides agree not to make public their supposedly final positions on Berlin set forth in papers July 28. The informants indicated this was based on the belief it would be better not to have these posi- 'tions on. record in order to allow room for maneuver in any future talks. Freneh and West German offi- cials were publicly proclaiming a kind of victory for the West be- cause the Soviet Union has not followed through with its threats to drive the, West out of Berlin. Dulls Red Offensive The Americans and the British agreed that the combination of the conference and the visits has taken the steam out of the Soviet offensive. They do not expect the Rus- sians will be able to gain momen- tum for a new thrust on Berlin for quite a while. But officials of all four Western delegations were cautious in what- ever optimism they expressed. They stressed the fact that the Soviets have by no means with- drawn their challenge to Berlin and that they can put the screws on the Communist-surrounded, city whenever they feel the time is right. There was little excitement in Geneva as the conference went into its final phase. More talk was heard about the Eisenhower-Khrushchev exchange visit than about threats to Berlin. I -Daiy-Alan Winder RIGOLETTO-Gilda and Rigoletto, principals in Verdi's opera, will be seen as the speech department offers its final presentation of the summer season at 8:34 tonight in Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre Verdi's'igo le tto'Ends U Speech Productions By KATHEEN MOORE Arias from Verdi's "Rigoletto" will ring through Lydia Mendels- sohn Theatre after the curtain rises at 8 p.m. today on the speeoh department's final summer production. . Opera production entails a number of technical and interpreta- tional difficulties,,Prof. Jack E. Bender of the speech department explained yesterday. He is stage director of the current, production, while Prof. Josef Blatt of the ,$ C. t .F 0 S' V S t: V c c f I c 0 n s c f a t Ike's Trip Studied Diplomats said it is not yet de- cided whether the President will try to 'see the 'chiefs of Britain, France and Germany just at Paris or will stop off elsewhere too - such as at London. But as for Khrushchev's 13-day visit to this country, expected to start Sept. 15, United States au- thorities hope to impress the Kremlin No. 1 man with a wide view of American life. A prime aim in inviting Khrush- chev here has been to dispel mis- conceptions United States officials feel Khrushchev holds about the United States. Negotiation Underway There are some things Khrush- chev wants to see here. There are others Washington would like to show him. The exact arrange- ments are still under negotiation. An itinerary now under discus- sion was reported yesterday to in- elude these possible stopping points for Khrushchev: Washington, for a three-day official visit which would include two state dinners given for him and one Khrushchev would give for President Eisenhower in re- turn. New York, where United Nations officials said Khrushchev may wish to address the General Assembly. Interest in Farm Chicago, and a farm in the Mid- west (Khrushchev has let it be known he would like to see an American farm). San Francisco, a favorite of for- eign visitors. Texas. Perhaps Florida. An industrial area (which United States officials want Khrushchev to see), perhaps Pittsburgh or De- troit Khrushchev's trip to this coun- try will be the first by a Russian government head, whether under the Czarist regimes or the Com- munist. There were indications that in many places he .would be.consid- erately received. music school acts as music direc- tor. "Everything in the production of an opera stems from the music," Prof. Bender noted, but "in composition, ,the music stems frbm the drama." "Opera is drama in terms of the musical statement of an original statement," he said, and the prob- 1 lem in production lies in the factj that "alk those musical statements must be interpreted by the actor." By way of explanation, Prof. Bender said an actor must do more than just move on stage in1 opera - he must move "as the music indicates." Opera Limits Director and actor are "exceed-R ingly limited" in opera, he con-, tinued, because the dramatic im- portance and meaning of the 1i- bretto is determined to a large extent by the score. Another limiting factor in opera stems from the audience's obvious desire to hear the music and the words, he added. In drama, an actor who turns his back on the audience to deliver lines is accepted, Prof. Bender pointed out, but such a stage1 policy in opera is impossible if the audience is to hear the full quality of the music. Often, he emphasized, the actor can't even turn to the side with- out' losing his ability to project the musical dialogue to the whole audience. One of the major problems Prof.' Bender encountered in the pro-" duction of "Rigoletto" is the pres- entation of the title role, he said. The effect of the "humpback, physically-distorted individual" is partially created with the addition of padding to the costume, he said, but the actor must stoop slightly to achieve a realistic in- terpretation of Rigoletto's physi- cal appearance. Padded Costume Used But stooping, he continued, makes it much more difficult to sing, so the current Rigoletto uses the padded costume, slight stoop and a dragging leg to create realism without impairing his singing ability too extensively. The opera contains a "certain amount of double casting," Prof. RULED OUT 18 MONTHS AGO: Eisenhower's A ttitudes C hange A bout USSR Trip U SSR'-China Talks Hintedt .GENEVA ()-Soon after visit- ing America next month .Nikita- Khrushchev may travel to Peiping for a meeting with leaders of the Communist world that is being called by Red China's' MaoTze-£ Tung. This possibility was reported last night by Allied diplomats. One of the purposes of any such, trip, according to the informants,t would be for Khrushchev to, con-t sult with his Red partners after. visiting President Dwight D. Ei-t senhower in Washington and be- fore receiving him in Moscow. t Western governments. are aware that the Chinese Reds ,Are ar- ranging a big jaxpboree to mark' the 10th anniversary of the found-f ing' of their state, around Oct. 1. Top men of most of the Com- munist lands, incliding Russia, are expected to attend what may turn into a sort of "Red summit" meeting. Khrushchev could hardly fail to discuss Red China's role in the Far East during his meetings with the President. Nor could he fail to press Pei-l ping's claims to membership in the1 United Nations if he should seize a chance of addressing the General Assembly in mid-September. Mao would want to know all the details behind any such exercises.l He presumably would have some" ideas of his own to press and Khrushchev would be in a-position to do so on his behalf when Presi- dent Eisenhower gets to the Soviet Union. Grad Student, Shoots Self Beside Altar, A 26-year-old University gradu- ate student, despondent over the break-up of his six-week-old mar- f National Roundup 1I 'I WASHINGTON (M' -- Eighteen months ago President Dwight D. Eisenhower expressly ruled out the idea of .inviting Soviet Pre- mier Nikita S. Khrushchev to the United States. How times have -changed shows in the sequence of remarks Presi- dent Eisenhower made in replying to questions of reporters at his news conferences. In a Feb. 15, 1958, letter to Nikolai Bulganin, then Premier of Soviet Russia, President Eisen- hower suggested that "leaders of thought and influential citizens" of the Soviet Union should visit the United States. This suggestion prompted a re- porter to ask President Eisenhow- er at his Feb. 26, 1958, news con- ference, whether his letter consti- tuted an invitation to Bulganin anid Khhrhhev.the fCommunis~t sults on America of a visit by Mr. Khrushchev," President Eisen- hower replied. On Jan. 28, 1959, a reporter. queried whether his meeting with Soviet Deputy Premier Anastas I. Mikoyan did not change his feel- ings about a Khrushchev visit. "You couldn't do this in the in- formal way that Mr. Mikoyan did . . , you couldn't do this with the head of the government, it would be something entirely different," President Eisenhower answered. On Feb. 10, 1959, a reporter asked him to comment on a Khrushchev speech which con- tained a suggestion that Presi- dent Eisenhower visit Russia. "I would have to wait for some more official type of, and more, let us say, persuasive kind of invi- tation than that," was the Presi- dent's answer. After the Berlin crisis broke out President Eisenhower was asked at almost every news con- ference to comment on a summit meeting in general and about a meeting with Khrushchev in par- ticular. What he said on March 25 al- ready indicated the President may have come to feel that he that can be valid on both sides... that he (Khrushchev) has got to get into-- the picture pretty well," President Eisenhower answered. He repeated this on May 5, a few days before the foreign min- isters met in Geneva, saying: "All of us do know that with- in the Soviet regime there is only one man who can talk authorita- tively." On June 17 President Eisen- hower reiterated his dislike of the summit concept replacing what he .called a conference of special- ists. This, he said, is "a step back-' ward in diplomacy. This is like Alexander and Napoleon meeting" on a raft in a river and 'settling the fate of the world." On July 8 President Eisenhower made a distinction between what he called a ceremonial visit and a meeting with Khrushchev to By The Associated Press JACKSON, Miss. -- Mississip-. pians voted in what appeared to be record numbers for governor and other( state officers, in yes-. terday's Democratic primary. Voting was heavy throughout the state from the start of bal- loting and political observers ex- pected the total count to exceed the record 436,000 votes cast in' the first primary of 1955. WASHINGTON -- The Senate Housing Subcommittee yesterday decided against trying to over- ride President -Dwight D. 'Eisen- hower's housing veto, and to try instead to enact a whittled-down bill. The 5-4 vote, amounted to rec- ognition that, the two-thirds mar- gin needed to override could not be achieved. President Eisenhow-. er's record of never having a veto overridden thus escaped even a test this time.