'THE MIC[HIGA1N DAILY
W'4EDNESDAY, JULY 2, 195k
sited States Division Strong Possibility in
1809
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RT OF AERICAN XPANSIN-Whiteareas re h 1: tte.n tritre.m n.u.heUiedSaeswenLnol a
in 80 . . :. 1 . " 1 +M. ,,;'r ih~a., f~aw<rse.
y ir4
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as president a month after Lin-'
Coin was born.
Foreign aff airs provided the
basis for the big political issue
of the day;. an issue that would
reach a climax in the War of
1812, a war that no one in Britain
or America really wanted..
Across the Atlantic in 1809,
Br"itain and Napoleon were at each
other's. throats. Each had set up
a "paper" blockage of the other's
ports. Neutral American ships and
seamen were the chief sufferers.
In retaliation, Jefferson had en-
gineered. the Embargo Acts otf
1807-08 under which all American
vessels were forbidden to-leave for
foreign ports and foreign bottoms
could not carry goods from Ameri-
can ports.
Mercantile New. England, .the
stronghold of °the Federalist Party.
was struck a hiard3 blow by em-
bargo. ' Sentiment arose 'for the
formation of an inzdependent
Northern Confederacy,' sympathet-
ic to the. British cause.
Tyke union was. preserved, hoaw-
ever, _when Jefferson, in one :.of
his last oifficial acts, signed, 'the"
embargo repealer,. freeing Ameri-
can ships to trade with all" nations
except ,Britain and. France. Lin-
Coln was a month old at the time.
Slavery, the great APmerican
issue of theb 19th Century, was '
spoken of only in hushed tones.
But, a contemporary gifted with
foresight, already could discern
the forces building toward the Ir-
repressible Conflict.
Eli Whitney's cotton gin had
been in use for 16 years, vastly in-
creasing the South's capacity for:
producing cotton and, inciden-
tally, boosting the demand for
Negro slaves to harvest King Cot-
ton.
First Steps
The North was taking its first
steps toward becoming an indus-
trial giant-again thanks to Whit-
ney, whose manufacturing system
enabled unskilled workmen to turn
out quality products in mass. .
The demand for more cotton
and extension of slavery would
drive the South over the brink in
1861 and the North's great in-
dustrial Yadvantage would win the
Civil .War that' followed.
And, while° Lincoln was arriving
Feb. 12, ;1809;, in a log cabin in
.what' is noaw Hodgenville, Ky., a
few miles to the southwest, an-
"other infant had recently passed:
his eighth month on earth.
He' was .destined to lead his peo-
ple in a great war, too. He would[
be Jefferson Davis, president of
the Confederate States of ,America,
I'
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By TOM HENSHAWV
ssociated Press Newsfeatures Writer
The young United: States was
ced with the painful prospect
Ea divided nation.
Business and political leaders
Ea whole section.. of the country
'ere threatening loudly to take,
ielir states out of the union. Their
y' Was: "Repeal'or secession!"
But the threat did not come
'om the slave-holding South;, it
ine from New England.
.And it was not 181; it was
809, blrthyear of Abaraham din-
oln, who was to .deal later, with
more serious secession threat.
At Lincoln's" birthi, 150 -years
go, the United States was 'a_
oung, growing land of ,some six
illion people, ,90 per-cent of them
.vine on (farms and most of them
pinking themselves Vtirginians, or
rew Yorkers rather .than Amen-
ans.
Louisiana 'Myth'
F'or most, the Far West was the
ississippi River; thee. land be-
ond, the Louisiana Territory,
uctased from France only six
ears before, was almost a myth,
little frightening and remote. as
he moon.
National 'boundaries were vague.
The 'final dividing Line between
the United States and Canada was
yet to be settled. Shadowy ODregon
was disputed, with, Britain. Spain
held Florida and the Great South-
west..
There \ were 1'7 states in the
union, Vermont, Kentucky, Ten-
nessee and Ohio being added to
'the original 13. West. Virginia was
part of Virginia. The whole state
of Maine was York County, Mass.
The. chief political. parties were
the Republican-Democratic, gain-
ing in strength as the population
began. shifting to the W est, and
the Federalist, dying =for the want
of progressive leadership.
Already the Republican-Demo-
cratic party, ancestor to the-Dem-
ocratic Party of today, was shoe-
ing signs of splitting, with rival
factions forming- around personal-
ities and economic. issues.
Madison In
Thiomas Jefferson, disillusioned
by party bickering, was the, lame=
duck president. He had chosen ntot.
to run for a thirds term. Little.
James Madison would" be sworn in
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