Sixty-Ninth Year4 EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN en Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS 'ruth Will Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone No 2-3241 editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers of the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. DAY, JULY 21, 1959 NIGHT EDITOR: SELMA SAWAYA Cub- Six Months Later 11 1 By HAROLD K. MILKS HAVANA ()-For the first time in Cuba's revolt-filled history, the power of a successful revolu- tion movement rests on the poor "Campesinos," the little people of Cuba. Fidel Castro has rejected the cooperation of political president- makers, economic czars and for- mer military leaders who tradi- tionally have put rebels in power and kept them there. Midway through his first year of boldly cast aside the friendship of upper class Cubans, many of whom contributed heavily to his guerrilla movement which overthrew dic- tator Fulgencio Batista. He has ignored the resistance of big, landowners and the threat of opposition from, sugar and ranching interests whose lands face expropriation under his con- troversial program of land reform. * * * CASTRO'S appeal has been to the little people and they support him wholeheartedly. "I will bring half a million of them into Ha- vana July 26 (anniversary of his revolutionary movement) to prove it," he says. But how long Castro can retain their support depends upon his ability to turn lavish promises into action and give promptly the pro- mised better life to the millions of agricultural workers who form the bulk of Cuba's population. Like a gambler in the once- crowded casinos of Havana's lux- ury hotels, Castro has staked the future of his movement on a single Closer Contact Needed BetenSuetFaculty rule, the bearded premier has. "What's The Hurry -His Term Hasn't Expired Yet" A RECENT issue of "Life," Sir Maurice wra of Wadham College, Oxford Uni- ty, described what the magazine's headline ers called "A Medieval Way of Learning," ford's basic recipe for a well-educated man." e British tutorial system, as he describes epresents an aspect of education almost ;letely lacking for the American under-, uate. Considering this, it is remarkable the American emerges as "well-educated" e is. )xford's colleges," Bowra explained, "are ally communities of scholars - dons and, ents." E DON, HE SAID, must be i"a scholar for- nidably armed over a wide range of knowl- and a human being able to communicate knowledge to others.. bove all he must make his students think. themselves. Though many dons give lec- s, it is the weekly tutorials which bring r full abilities into play. A tutorial is often ael between two agile gladiators. The stu- treads aloud the essay he has written. His listens raptly from the depths of his arm- r; fingertips together, watching through Mdern Man Looks Forward ["S FINALLY HAPPENED. Madison Avenue. has broken the bonds of the gray-flannel to ter the realm of the meer'schaum and art- 's smock. That's right folks; for one half hour a week u can now be enticed by the best in tele- lion commercials, uninterrupted by come-; an, quiz contestant or even champion of the st. Hardly a spectacular start, but' the eve full-fledged dramatic (traumatic?) commer-. als is fast approaching.; The possibilities are infinite -- just imagine cking the magic button some night to be tellectually stimulated by a slightly-altered heaper by the Dozen." Changing channels,. u might find "Life of a Salesman" or "A odest Proposal." And one mustn't miss Jart," the story, not of $4 super- but an or- nary just-around-the-corner variety. I1 COURSE, planning the cultural revolu. tion will take a little time, but America's eative commercialists have the beat - an alian and a French production (featuring. andy and brassieres, respectively) domin- ed the first program, but it's only natural this stage of hte game. After all, the Con- rent has always been the cultural mecca of e Western world. And who's responsible for the- current bit aesthetic wool-pulling? Names Woollen. flled "Cavalcade of Spots," the creation ems from the entertainment. center of the >rld, Hollywood. The local television station is certainly pro. ling a 'public service by sating the public th commercials, free gratis to the select ad- rtisers: What is that old publicity blurb? Movies are better than ever." -KATHLEEN MOORE half-closed eyes, waiting for the moment of carelessness or shaky logic. "Nothing brings on such withering donnish sarcasm as the parroting of ideas the student found in some other scholar's book. The Youth is expected to think for himself, to strike out boldly and imaginatively and to defend himself when under attack. Between a first-rate don and a bright student these dialogues sometimes rise to a brilliance and drama that rivals any theatrical performance in intellectual excite- ment." Bowra goes on to explain that Oxford men begin concentrating (or "majoring," as we put it) in one area as soon as they arrive. For a year, they match wits with the same don, being required to attend no classes, read no books in between., But it is hard to imagine a student lingering long unless willing to prepare adequately for his tutor, for ignorance would be rather obvious in a two-man conversation. SERE AT THE University, a comparable H tutor-system is obviously out of the ques- tion.- But students wanting more for their money than a four-year ride with -diploma would do well to profit by the Oxford example, and sit down with their professors in their offices, and talk. (It is quite conceivable that some members of the University faculty could stand to be stimulated once in a- while.) From Yale University comes a little buff} booklet, which describes in typical Ivy League fashion an institution the University should: examine, then emulate. TIMOTHY DWIGHT College, Yale, was given a considerable grant by alumnus Hendon Chubb, '955. (Yale's colleges are for the mostI part residence halls rather than academic units like those at.Oxford or Cambridge.) The pur- pose, according to the booklet, is "encourage- ment of student interest in public affairs." So, after some years of deliberation, Dwight College set up the Visiting Chubb Fellowship, which brings eminent men to live at the college for four or five days and "mingle freely with the students in the Dining Hall, informal after- dinner discussions, and in the classroom, there- by joining in the spontaneous give-and-take of Yale's social and intellectual activities." In 1952-53, for example, Chubb fellows were social scientist David Reisman, Philadel- phia mayor Richardson Dilworth, "Atlantic Monthly" editor Edward Weeks, and Connecti- cut Governor Abraham Ribicoff. OTHERS FROM the 10 years since the pro- gram's inception include Lewis Mumford, Arthur Koestler, Dean Acheson, Clement At- tlee, Chester Bowles, Harry Truman, G. Men- nen Williams and Adlai Stevenson. While Stevenson was at Yale, Peter Gilling- ham of Dwight College reports, "over 400 peo- ple had more or less intimate contact with him in more than 15 smallish groups and another 4,000 heard him in larger gatherings." This is the sort of thing our Student Govern- ment Council's forum. committee was getting at when last heard from, and there is no reason why 1959-60 shouldn't see such a program, established here. -THOMAS TURNER I^ MR t p t .S G a. ,' iii .; '/> t ~ _ , y§ +'., ss i ft,?. rh a : e I joll . NII$- Mfr s 1 t \r - OFALFORP (AL K C )SAj WOO' -1000 } 1I 4 fJ ~4$I1T~' or0 toss of the dice. The toss is called "agrarian reform." .* g HIS CRITICS say the agrarian reform plan will ruin Cuba by de- stroying the system which made it the world's biggest p'roducer of sugar and created huge suppliers of tobacco and cattle. What is the agrarian reform program? Castro calls it a movement which will free Cuba's farm work- ers from economic serfdom by di- viding nearly nine million acres of expropriated land among 150,- 000 landless families. His critics call it a move to sub- stitute government co n t r o I through the institute of agrarian reform which Castro heads - for private ownership so Cuba's farm workers will labor for the state instead of the landlord. * * THE CASTRO regime still is essentially a military force. Its uniformed commanders still con- trol all civil life; even agrarian reform depends on the armed forces for implementation. Castro has been far too busy seeking to transform his dreams of a new Cuba into reality to find time for such matters as elec- tions or restoration of any mea- sure of civilian government. Castro's 26th of July rebels took power Jan. 8 in Havana, a week after the flight of the Batista government. Six months later this is how the situation looks to most observers: POLITICAL - Castro has at- tempted to override political op- position by threatening to invoke counter-revolutionary regulations against those who oppose him. These regulations provide up to the death penalty for violations. Castro has said he wil give Cuba elections "when the people ask for them." But election day, most sources say, is fromh three to four years away - if the Castro regime lasts that long. Political opposition to the rebel government appears to be grow- ing in Havana, but it is largely unorganized or, at most, organ- ized underground. Outside the capital the bearded one claims unswerving support from his landless little people. But big landowners, and in some cases those with relatively small hold- ings, have defied his program and attacked its merits. In the capital, bomb tossing has been revived as a demonstra- tion of opposition. Castro calls such incidents "Batista-provoked," and has, demanded stern treat- mentfor those responsible, when and if they are'caught. ECONOMIC - while Castro de- votes his whole time and energy to setting tle agrarian reform program in motion other sectors of the national economy present a varying picture, mostly bad. Latest published, figures claim that general revenues of the Cu-' ban government for the first five months of 1959 totalled $196,459,- 142, a 19 per cent jump over those for the same period of 1958. But bank deposits for the first quarter of this year were down 20 per cent bank clearings in Ha- vana dropped 12 per cent, and sugar exports in the first five months were off almost 50 per cent. Blackest economic picture is in construction. Estimates say 90 per cent of Havana's construction workers remain idle as the value of construction permits dropped from 22 million dollars in the first five months of disturbed 1958 to only eight million in the same period of this year. ON A NATIONAL basis unem- ployment runs somewhere be- tween 500,000 and 700,000 with another 300,000 sugar mill work- ers unemployed until the year's end because of the seasonal shut- down. Castro has just announced a' public works program to' spend 134 million dollars in the next six months to ease unemployment and help his little people through a period of difficulty. He has not disclosed how he proposes to finance this ambitious program except to comment, that government revenues have im- proved. The difficult period Castro is fighting may get Worse in. many ways during the coming months. Wealthy Cubans with money to invest are keeping it hidden, fear- ful of long-term investments dur- ing this unsettled period. * * * ON THE agricultural f r o n t thousands of farm and sugarmill workers who traditionally live on credit during the "tiempo de muerte" -- the dead period be- tween the end of one sugar har- vest and the beginning of the next -rare finding their credit cut off. Mill and sugar plantation oper- ators are reluctant, -they say, to give credit to workers when they may no longer control their lands when the next harvest time comes around. Castro has met this problem by establishing more than a hundred agricultural cooperatives under control of the Institute of Agra- rian Reform, and by speeding public works jobs in rural areas. MILITARY -- The defection of Cuban Air Force Chief Pedro Luis Diaz Lanz, who charged Communist infiltration of the AT THE STATE: 'Hercules' Possibilities Not Realized' INTERPRETING THE NEWS: "THIS TREMENDOUS picture, will have proven again the vitality of the motion picture in- dustry." So states the ad in the lobby of the State Theater concerning the picture "Hercules." Well, it is to be ,hoped that the burden of proving the vitality of Hollywood does not rest solely on, the shoul- ders of Steve Reeves, He does have muscles but this will not provide much support for the mo- tion picture industry. Moreover, I hope Joseph LeVine does not intend to do with Greek Mythology what Cecil B. DeMille did with the Bible. OF COURSE the potential to be developed in a movie is not com- mensurate with the scope of myth- ology. DeMille proved this quite often during his career. So when a producer with less talent, and less means at his disposal tries it, the results are not even disap- pointing, they are merely tire- some, and if the viewer is fortun- ate, close to the ludicrous. As to the acting, Steve Reeves has muscle. He tried to display emotion only twice, once when he was tired of being musclebound and wanted to be like other men, and later after he finished chas- ing two tittering Amazons through the woods. Sylva Koscina has legs, but her timing was poor, which made her emotions erupt always a second too late. Gianna Maria Canale, the leader of the Amazons, man- aged to shed tears when Jason sailed for home. She also has legs. The scenes are necessarily phony. Jason had to spear a mon- ster which looked remarkably like the creature from thirty fathoms down that appeared some movies back, to recapture the golden fleece. The Cretan Bull was an American Bison. * * * ALL THIS is more or less for- givable, however, because Chris- tianity was never able to conjure up the variety or the bizarre se- lection of gods the Ancients pos- sessed. It would hardly be fair to condemn Hollywood for not being AT THE CAMPUS: Ordet' Pro fers Message of Faith equal to the imagination of the, Greeks. The same could be said in re- gard to the Amazons. You couldn't expect American women to have heavily muscled legs, at least not the girls in Hollywood. So they were capable of seducing the men of the Argot, which would have been hard to swallow had they been muscled like , Steve Reeves. It was in this section that produced the only real acting in the form of a lecherous old goat. Had he been Hercules, the movie might have been entertaining. -Thomas Brian FIDEL CASTRO . . . what now? armed forces, and the privately expressed dissatisfaction of some other military leaders has created still another major problem for Castro. He and his major supporters, including his brother, Raul, promptly denied the charges of Communist infiltration, claiming the Air Force chief deserted be- cause his command was under in- vestigation. Their statements ap- parently failed to satisfy critics within the armed .forces. Castro's military forces have been kept too busy administering the nation's civil affairs and im- plementing agrarian: ref orm~ to achieveasmooth transition from a guerrilla army into a perman- ent armed force. Activities of anti-Castro groups, including those seeking to hoard arms clandestinely and those at- tacking with bombs or arms, have also kept Castro's .force busy al- though as yet the attacks have been no moreethan pin-pricks. * * * LABOR-Castro's 26th of July movement has won unchallenged control of organized labor in Cuba. Elections placed its candi- dates in office in unions ranging from the powerful Sugarwprkers Federation to the Hotel and Res- taurant Emzployees in Havana. Communist efforts to infiltrate Cuban labor unions have been foiled, unless the Reds managed to win under the guise of being 26th of July candidates. Under Batista, labor organiza- tions were controlled tightly and employers feared that under a revolutionary regime union work- ers would indulge in a wave of strikes. Castro calmed the fear by warning workers this was not the time for labor strife; that the Job of rebuilding Cuba must come first. As a result there have been few serious interruptions in' pro- ductivity due to strikes. . ( Shift in the Middle East By J. M. ROBERTS , Associated Press News Analyst 'HE UNITED STATES is undertaking a bal- ancing act, in the Middle East which could entually have considerable affect on her rela- mns there as well as on relations between the tions of the area. The decisions which have produced the situa- )n have been taken more or less separately, id one of them, the proposal to stop grants aid to Israel, is still more or less tentative. Here are some of the things that are hap- mning. Israel's military position has reached a stable d effective stage. [ER ECONOMY is approaching a similar condition. She is carrying on related pro- ams of trade expansion and technical assist- ce with Asian and African countries which ve already produced important results and omise more. Less concretely but perhaps of en more portent, she is setting an example of aterial progress for other underdeveloped untries. Nearby Arab populations can see the effec- reness of the Israeli system as compared with eir own, where politics gets flrst attention. Israel has not complained loudly against the oposal for stopping grants in aid, but some her supnorters in this country have. reported on his recent negotiations with Presi- dent Nasser of Egypt about this. A lot of quiet work is going on, however, looking toward a face-saving compromise for Nasser. O N THE OTHER SIDE of the ledger, the United States is improving relations with Nasser, and President Eugene Black of the World Bank, primarily supported by the United States, has played an important role in re- solving settlement of Suez problems between Egypt and the former owners. Services to Egypt cut off during the Suez dispute have been resumed. Cooperation in the American-Egyptian Rural Improvement Serv- ice has been resumed. So has the CARE pro- gram. Frozen funds have been released, and 48 million dollars worth of surplus foods allo- cated. Five million of economic aid has been volunteered. Twenty-five million will go next year to the Arab refugeesfrom Israel. Much, of this is based on increasing hope that the existence of Israel . is gradually be- coming an accepted fact in the Middle East. Nasser himself has reversed his former position that this could never happen. M OSHE SHARETT, former Israeli premier, told the Socialist International Congress at Hamburg last Thursday that 'forces are at AN ALMOST belabored dot of religious philosophy is avail- able to all for a limited time at the regular rate: the Campus. Theater now shows The Word (Ordet) four times daily. "The word" is "faith," or any of its his- torically tested equivalents. Whose word it is, is obvious. Mainly, the"Plot deals with the mechanism of revelations of the power of faith, and the degener- acy of its substitutes. In this light it is a social, or theological, criti- cism, indicting those whose re- ligious ways merely involve par- taking of the formalities of re- ligious faith. John, son of a traditional Dan- ish "pater omnipitens," has been studying theology, and with the. sudden realization that practiced religion is essentially :a decadent version of real faith, turns into a characteristic schizophrenic. He decides that he is Jesus Christ re- turned, and sets out-'to perform various analogous miracles that the people might know. NONETHELESS, it is import- ant to realize that at this point, he himself has no faith, and thus, his "miracles" are doomed to ul- timate failure. And indeed this is so, for when he attempts to raise his sister-in-law, dead from child- birth, to life, he fails. This shock is great enough in movieland to (as the family doctor has predict- ed) "turn his subconscious, up- side-down," and revert him to normalcy. He then leaves home for a few days to consider what course to take. He returns to interrupt his sister-in-law's funeral ceremony, and, announcing that all within earshot are rotten because they don't know THE WORD, proceeds to demonstrate the power of faith by calling on God to perform a I - x Willie's ords . . i .4 i I .. :.,.:.>>::vr <........ ... ;r.