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Lacks Immiediate .Peril
By THOMAS P. WHITNEY
Associated Press Foreign News Analyst
ARAB .NATIONALISTS in Syria, Egypt and Iraq could cause a lot of
trouble for Western Europe's industry by cutting the flow of much
of the Middle East's oil in retaliation for the American move into Leba-
non.
But the free world's oil situation today is a lot less tight than it was
when clcising of the Suez Canal and sabotage of one of the Syrian pipe-
lines to the eastern Mediterranean caused a petroleum crisis. Many West
Europeari countries were forced to ration oil supplies.
For I me thing, there is now a large surplus tanker capacity avail-
able for : fny emergency. Some companies are even running their tankers

, JULY 23, 1958

NIGHT EDITOR: SUSAN HOLTZER

_: ter.,


United States Flounders
In Tide of Nationalism

STRAGIC dilemma in the Middle East
that the United States, finally backed
the last available corner, was forced to
tr>ops to the aid of the wrong side:k
,b nationalism has marched past Aner-
doddering foreign policy. Now, in com-
contradcton to its historic stand, this
ry finds Itself .supporting an outmoded
lism that cannot endure.
. urtrent United States position Is the re-
>f.Ancredble shortsightedness. Its-origins
. the last'days of mid-east colonialism,
this country gave its support to the then-
rent xiionarchies. It ignored the growing
iz~iatl factions Ins favor of the govern-
n power' - in neffect, limbed on the
'bandwagon. -
ICA then: compounded Its mistakes by'
owing Its if to become entrenched. Iav-
ice pledged to support a government, this
Socialist.
Slapstck
NTL"Y there are some who take the
idle" East situation geriously,
tlast ?night', discussion on the Middle
should ease wrrled minds, for the crIs ..
ut In its proper persiective by the ever
Ot members of the Michigan Socialist
who passed out pmphlets decrytg the
t for United States imperialisr."A.
ir ludicrous decrpt on of the affair
i tht almost anything has its humoroux
Bti one must hand it to the Socialists.
alertpess in detecting a rQwd and their
ess in printing up a propaganda pamph-
IQunding like a 'quick tf'anslation from
an? reveals a ready grap of selling 'tech-
that would Inake a.y hustling capitalis-
[e an feel proud.
V~etingRussia'
J SR S
DECLARE war on you," were the words
Nikita, Khrushchev used in . hallenging
"est to- an economic trade battle, a wa
en the ruble and the dllar.
art of a progress report emerged recently
a TV panel of foreign correspondents,
summing iup the reasons why the Rus-
are gaining an edge over the United
;in this trade war, they pointed out that
ussians generally offer aid in a tangible
such as a factory so that the peoples of
Privileged nations can see and be remind-
the'source. The United States on the oth-
rd gives Items that are quickly consumed
as wheat.
correspondents also cited the Russian
of long term loans. This leaves a coun-
Lme and room for a little self-respect.
of the ill feeling suffered by the United
estems from the Ainerican attitude, they
hat too often emphasizes the U.S. role as
factor." That the subtle Russians suc-
s an ironical tribute to our advertising
correspondents also cited the Afghanis-
id requests as an example of the United
t spending too much time debating, while
opails..
b' observations of the panel are accurate,
ears evident that the United States is los-
nother struggle, this time in the arena
nomics.
tially; the reason may be that the U.S.
:t only failed to provide effective two-way

-country fell into a peculiar rut of circular rea-
soning: Rebel elements Are against the present
government which we spPort; therefore, they
are against us; therefore, they are under Rus-
sian influence.
* This is not the case. In. Iaq, where the new
elements are firmly in power, Western iiflu-;
ence is still present. The rebel government in-
herited oil contracts withwwestern nations that
it intends to uphold., Yet both the United States
and Great Britain are reacting to the coup
' d'etat as though an Iron Curtain has been
drawn across the -land. Such a reaction can
only make Iraq view the West with suspicion.
THIS COUNTRY has lost another vital argu-
ment as well. No longer, as might have
baen jUstified in the past, can the United States
picture itself the champion of "the people.
ther, it is the 'supporter of decadent mon-
arcbhies -'th' oppressors, not 'the savior,
This is the dilemma of the Middle East.The
Vijited States has alienated nationalistic ele-
ments throughout the world -- bth those that
have already attained power, and those still
seeking it, Antagonizel by the West, these
groups are being driven to seek aid from Rus-
sia,° precisely what the West wishes to avoid.
Without lifting a finger, Mscow is reaping
the harvest of American 'blunders.
Thus the outcome of Dulles diplomacy. It
has led to the point where a show of force
Was 'the only alternative, yet in reality offer-
ing no lasting solution. Only if the current cri-
sa causes a complete 'reappraisal of American
foreign policy will it have resulted'in any posi-
tive good.
The tide of nationalism in the Middle East
will not be halted until it has washed out the
last traces of the- old regimes. New govern-
ments sibch as the one in' Iraq' are here riot
only to stay but to multiply. Only if the United
States acknowledges this fact wil it perhaps
be able to retrieve some measure of' its lost
prestige in that area.
--SUSAN HQLTZER
Economic Thr-eat
chances for trade, but has also tried' to exces-
sively shelter it's own economic situation. Dif-
ficulties with Canada and Latin American na.
tions underscore the weakness in U.S. econ-
omic policy, eVen' with traditional allies.
'HE IDEQLOGICAL struggle has now be-
come related with the economical struggle.
Small and especially poor countries are mrt-
gaging their futures to Russia, caught in the
often hidden political strings attached to So-
viet economic aid.
But the deciding factor in the struggle be-
tween democracy and tyranny might well be
free trade, with th'e United States dropping
all barriers arid policies which increase the dif-
ficulties of smaller nations..
' With these factrs In mind the West Is left
with two alternatives. The U.S. can ignore the
Russian political offensive, and continue to
"protect various industries and .crMps, at the
risk of leaving nothing to protect., The other
alternative is that the United States can start
taking a vital interest in the development of
other countries and their economic needs, rec-
ognizing that two-way trade is here to stay.
The United States should take up the Rus-
sian challenge, not waiting and watching but
actively participating in building adequate
trade relations. ertainly the United States
will have to make a few economic sacrifices to
build an effective aid program but as a long
range investment in the western world.
.--GENNY LELAND

(HerbIock Is on Vacation)

LETTER FROM PARIS:
French Troubles Deeper Than Politics

(EDITOR'S NOTE: Daily City Edi-
tor John 'Weicher is touring Europe
this summer. The following is the
second of a series relating his im-
pressons.)
-.ByJOHN WEICHER
Special to The Daily
PARIS-France needs more than
General Charles dIe Gaulle for
six months, Perhaps she needs an-
other Napoleon.
The country seems to have lost
its spirit .generally. None of the
industry of its northern neighbors
(Belgium and the Netherlands)
appears In France. When a car
drives by, everyone on the side of
the road stops to look-unless they
already were resting.
Paris, though less hard hit than
Brussels, shows, considerably more
damage from the war. New build-
ings are few and far between, and
minor repair work seems to take
forever. In addition, what new
construction there is quickly de-
velops an aged appearance.
* * * -
TRAVEL and the national lot-
tery seem to be manias. Travel
posters appear in incredible pro-
fusion, every place where "Defence,
D'Afficher" (Post No Bills) is not,
written. Special tours are adver-
tised to all corners of the world-
Portugal, Greece, Australia, Ecua-
dor, Peru, Western Canada - the
list goes on. Every country and
travel facility seems to have a
large-sized office here near the
Seine and the Place Vendome -

with French people, ,not tourists,
in them. Everyone seems to want
to leave France for the summer.
The national lottery has a booth
in every block on the boulevards.
Signs are even posted in English
in the Paris subway advertsing the.
lottery. It is extremely tempting to
suggest that the money going into'
the lottery be used instead to bal-
ance the French budget.
Along the boulevards, also, one
finds numerous little stalls selling
everything under the sun (some
of it, to judge by the remarkably
low prices, perhaps illicit), inter-
spersed with games of chance
which, like the lottery, get a heavy
play. Fun for Frenchmen-tourists
stay away.
THE SAME is true of many of
the sidewalk cafes. The people
there are largely French. Gayety
and spontaneity are not the hall-
marks of these cafes. Bored, blase
expressions appear on faces, and
much of the merriment is forced,
mechanical. There is a desperate
quality about life here - people
seem to be living only for the
evening's entertainment, with no
thought for anything beyond or
interest in it.;
France needs some purpose and
sense of direction. A student in one
of the cafes asserted that only
General de Gaulle could provide
that purpose, if anyone could; "at
least, he's the only person left to'

whom the French can turn. "De
Gaulle will be able to settle the
war in Algeria," he insisted; he
will end it on some terms which
do not include Algerian indepen-
dence. "That is impossible." He
did not say why. 'But any union,
such as General de Gaulle pro-
poses, is equally out of the ques-
tion at the moment, he said. The
dilemma continues. t
FRANCE (especially Paris) ao-
Iparently took the change of gov-
aernment with great bitterness on
both sides. Posters both pro- and
anti-de Gaulle are prominently
featured still. On many of the for-
mer, swastikas have been painted;
on the latter, hammers and sickles.
Chalk scrawls are found in every
town-Peace in Algeria, Vive Ia
Republique, and the old Free
French symbol. Some insurgence
of Poujadistes is also evident,
particularly around Poitiers.
The general has his work cut
out for him, and perhaps it is too
much for any one man. Constitu-
tional reforms will help, to be
sure, but these are not funda-
mental enough reforms. Something
more is needed-something Gen-
eral de Gaulle may not be able to
revive. But France does not seem;
to have anyone else who can pro-
vide it, either. If the general fails,,
what next? The student could only
shrug, and finish off his glass of
wine.

from the Middle East on the long
transit time and avoid the expense
of keepirg them idle entirely.
For ancther thing, there is cur-
rently aailable, according to es-
timates (t oil industry officials in
New Yorlg:, a large unused pr duc-
tion cap rtcity in United States,
Venezuelin and Canadian oil
fields. In 'the event of a temporary
stoppage ,of some Mideast oil sup-
plies, much of this unused capac-
ity could :be turned on..
Amerld n oil industry officials
also estiraate that West European
countries, which learned the hard
way in the Suez crisis, are now
keeping fdr-sized oil reserves on
hand.
HERE ARE some figures:
Total okh prodaction of .the non-
Communieit world has been rln.
ning at filightly over 15 million
barrels a iday during the last 12
months.
Of this, slightly over four mil-
lion barrgs 'a day are produced
in the MId idle East, or about 22 per
9ent of th e free world's total.
About 9,0,000 barrels a dy flow
to market 'through pipelines which
cross Syria, and Lebanon to the
eastern Uditerranean. Arab na-
tionalists frith or without the con-
nivance of, their governments could
stop this f 'ow very easily-as they
did durn. the Suez crisis-and
lebanese rebels hhave already
threatened tai do this.
Another 1% million barrels a
day flows 'to marlet through the
Suez danpl. President Nasser of
the United Arab Republic, if he
wished to ,defy treaty obligations,
could cut his off by shutting the
Canal ta 'Western tankers. How-
ever, Amer Ean 'oilmen doubt that
Nasser will dare to do this-.
* * *
IF ONE *r both pipelines to the
eastern Mediterranean are cut this
would cause disruption gnd diffi-
culties in the oil industry of the
free worla. 'It would necessitate a
lot of rescheduling of tainker runs
and might lead to temporary
shortages in, some countries.
It would take Iraq's northern
production c around 530,000 bar-
rels a day oit of world oil supply
completely since the pipeline is its
only outlet.-
But most or the 360,000 barrels a
^ day flowing uhrough Tapline frem
Saudi Arabia, where Aramco is the
producer, cotld be lifted from the
Persian Gulf.
But hangir g over the headsof
any Arab hotlieads, who think they
could bring the West to its knees
by cutting o1 Arab oil, is from
2,500,000 to 3,40,00Q barrels a day
of unused capacity in the United
States, Venezuela and Canada.
The flow of wells in these three
nations has teen cut back or is
being held in Y reserve because of
oversupply on world markets.
And, as American oilmen point
out, if the West needs Arab oil,
the Arabs nepd Western mioney
just as much.
Rezvarcj$
OF FALLthe Frotestant ministers,
in the Unitted States, two-
thirds are in diebt, and a large
percentage of ministers' wives have
to take outsidse jobs. The U.S.
Protestant 'minit'er's average cash
salary comes to $4,432 a year fr
60- to 80-hour week (new England
ministers, the lo~west paid, get only
$4,018).
'- Time

WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
Mid-East Aid Program Needed
By DREW PEARSON

route around Africa-to stretch out
REPORT:
Men Seek

Lost Role

By GEORGE W. CORNELL
ASSoiated Press Religion Writer
AMERICAN HUSBANDreput-
edly shrn rcf' much 4t theyr
tic authority, seem to be
to get it back.
Andheyndmany cases, thenwives
say theytd like for the men to
reassume their old job as master
of the house.
These tendencies-among cou-
plas of all f - were reported
recently by Roman Catholic lead-
ers who have made intensive stud-
ies in thefi-eld-
"There's a trend for men to re-
assert their position of leadership,"
said the Rev. Kenneth J. Dolgan,
church family-life director of
Scranton, Pa.
"Year by year, more' fathers are
beginning to take the initiative as
head of the home."
But it's a tough : struggle for
them to recoup, as' the, ,analysts
see it, in view of how far American
husbands have gone in losing their
traditional role of steering the
family.
s.They've lost it, thats obvious,
said the Rev.Bertin Roll, of -ttw
burgh, national director of 'the
church's Christian Mothers Or.
ganization.
And the women, he added, have
taken over many rightf'l func-
tions of the men - often neces-.
sarily- and usually to their own
disillusionment.
"MEN hAVE got so absorbed
with success in their careers, they
don't have time for the ,honme
said Dr..A. H. Clemens, a notd
sociologist and marriage counsel,
in authority of Catholic Univer-
sity, Washington.,
"They've passed the buck to
their wives all down the line,'"
The upshot, he added, Is what
the social 'scientist call modern
Americats majtriarchy - rule of
Both men and women, however,
are, frustrated and basically dis.
tressed by the situation, the church
scholars said-a result of upsetting
the natural order of the sexes as
set .by. God.
The '-views were expressed In
interviews at the National Catholic
Family-Life Convention in Buf.-
falo, N.Y.
Dr. Clemens said -many woMe
were reacting to the switched
man-women pattern "with rank
rebellion, by turning to drink, nag-
ging and becoming hypercritical of
their husbands and children,"
Numerous factors were cite4d as
causing the blurred lives of de-
markation in male-fenale roles in'
the home, including World War I,
when many women took jobs, with
others since joining the coquntry's
labor ranks -now one-hird fe-
male.
But a main, fundamental cas.
given was the intensified pursuit
of money.
DAiLY
OFFICIAL
(Continued on Page 2)
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' HI1tsad &Compa" ,Chicago, Tit
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Travel: Occasional, Age: 28-40. Degree

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Degree in Electrical Engineering and
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Y.w.C.A., Grand Forks, N. Da., has
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Biological Warfare Laboratories, Fred-
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m~athematis, statistics, orbusiness ad-

NTERPRETING THE NEWS:
Soviets Follow the Czars

By 3. M. ROBERT '
Associated Press News Analyst
E leaders of the Soviet Union have a ward-
obe full of hats for all sorts of occasions.,
e most worn but constantly refurbished
at of propaganda.
e handed down from the Czars and also
. constant attention is for the pursuit of
nony in the Middle East.
other is for the role of peacemaker, worn
swallow-tails under which can be tucked
ands which stir up much of the trouble.
pus the Red representatives will be equipped
iorning, noon or night appearances at any"
rence on the Middle East.
Editorial Staff
ICHAEL KRAFT DAVID TARR
Co-Editor Co-Editor
RT JUNKER ....... Night Editor
IRD (ERULDSEN ................Night Editor
HOLITZER .... . .Night Editor
VANDERSLICE ..,...... Night Editor
ARD INTZSports Editor
............C hief Photographer
BusinessStaff
DORE COHN, ......Business Manager
FLD DPT RS _ __ _ __.. Av .4.j'.'.

Only a part of the record is needed, however,
as clues to what sort of settlements the Kremlin
is really interested in for the countries to the
southwest of her.
Russia 'long ago, in addition to her conquest.
of the Moslems of Central Asia, was trying for
warm water ports which belonged to others.
The Crimean war, and a situation which
contributed to the development of British
imperialism in the Middle East, resulted from
Britain's need to keep Russia off: her supply
lines to India.
The Communists inherited this Old Russian
interest in Middle Eastern expansion,
In 1939 Hitler was able to buy the Kremlin's
benevolent neutrality, enabling him to attack in
the West, by mere promises of Soviet hegemony
in this area after he had the world in hand.
Immediately after the war the Kremlin
started making territorial demands on Turkey..
She refused to withdraw from Iran troops
which had been allowed there to facilitate
British and American shipments of arms and
food. The troops were finally withdrawn only
under extreme Anglo-American and United
Nations pressure.
At the same time the Soviet Union tried
to take over the government of Iranian Azer-
zaijan by engineering a' military coup.

WASHINGTON - Just one year
ago, Dr. Giuseppe Pella, For-
eign Minister of Italy,- came to
Washington to give Secretary of
State John Foster Dulles a plan
for the Near East. Dulles said no.
If it had been adopted we, would
not be in the Near Eastern mess
we are in today.
Dr. Pella foresaw that Nasser-
ism would sweep all the Near East,
to be followed by Communism, if
the West did not help conquer the
poverty, the filth, the dusty, dis-
ease-swept alleys, the contrast be-
tween bejeweled kings and ragged
fellahs in the Near East. He saw
what Nasser had done in dividing
up the irrigated land of Egypt,
once dominated by only 27 famil-
ies. He saw how the new Syria had
divided up the land from the old
aristocracy. Both Syria and Egypt,
incidentally, had followed the land
reform law of little Israel which
they hate, but which nevertheless
helped make Nasser popular with
the masses.
*.* *
SO the Italian Foreign Minister
proposed that a fund for the de-
velopment of under-developed
areas be created from the Marshall
Plan loans which West European
nations were then due to repay
the United States. He proposed
that the American repayments be
matched by payments from Euro-
pean 'nations, and the money be
spent for irrigation on the River
Jordan, on the Nile,. the Tigris,
the Euphrates 'and elsewhere, to
resettle Palestinian refugees and
generally improve the economic-
social condition of the Near East.
This, essentially, was the plan
Harry Truman had been working
on when he left the White House.
''The solution for the Near East,'
he once told me, "is not arms, but
dams and more electric power and
more wheat. This area used to
hold 60,000,000 people in the- days
of the Greeks and Romans. Now is
holds 25,000,000 because the Mon-
gols knocked out the irrigation
works and because these people

a man who believes in backing up
his friends. He also believes, in tak-
ing good ideas from friends and
giving good ideas to friends.
When he attended the Chicago
and San Francisco Presidential
nomination conventions in 1956.
he took back some American ideas
on political organization which
helped him bolster the middle-of-
the-road" Christian Democratic
Party.
When the United States was
having its old friends turn a cof'd
shoulder on Marines in Lebanon
last week, when Japan publicly,
disapproved, West Germany grum-
bled, Belgium frowned and Aus-,
tria threatened to shoot down'
United States transports, Premier
Fanfani arose in the Italian Par-
liament and said:
"We approve entirely the, initia-.
tives taken in Lebanon and Jordan
by our Allies in the interest of
peace. It is also with that convic-
tion that wehave granted permis-
sion to United States forces to use
two of our airfields as fueling
points for planes transferring
troops."
Premier Fanfani stood up and
made this speech despite the fact
that Italy has the biggest Com-
munist Party in the world outside
Russia, and despite the fact that.
he faced in a few minutes a vote
of confidence-which he finally
won by a slim eight votes.
The United States has got it-
self in a much worse box on the
shores of Lebanon than the Amer-
ican people realize. We can't get
out without loss of face. Yet we
can't stay on without being in-
creasingly hated in the Near East,
A friendly third party like Pre-
mier Fanfani could lift the Leba-
non controversy to a higher, more
important level of peace and re-
construction, not guns and inter-
vention, as a way out,
* * *
ONE political ace-in-the- hole
President Eisenhower has up his
sleeve, if he wants -to use him, is
Adlai Stevenson, whom fate has
put right now in Russia. Steven-

didate, on a special war mission
to Moscow.
FDR also invited Alf Landon,
who ran against him in 1936, to
serve in his wartime cabinet, and
in the end appointed Col. Frank
Knox, who ran for Vice President,
as Secretary of the Navy, with
Henry L. Stimson, who had served;
in the Taft and Hoover cabinets,
as his Secretary of War.
The Democrats have been among
Ike's staunchest supporters in the
present Near East crisis.
Adlai Stevenson is an able ne-
gotiator who served during the
war in the State, Department.
With the country iin a serious cri-
sis, a good president uses good
men regardless of politics.
(Copyright 1958 by Bell Syndicate, Inc.)

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