THE MICHIGAN DAILY WEDNESI

BAND CONDUCTORS:
Conference To Hear Bell, Farkas

William Bell, tuba player for the
National Broadcasting Company
and Philip Farkas, principal horn-
ist for the Chicago Symphony
Orchestra will appeal in the morn-
ing session of the Tenth Annual
National Band Conductors' Con-
ference, today.
Bell and Farkas will speak and
demonstrate their instruments at
the conferences. Both will continue
through the afternoon.
Bell began playing the tuba at
the age of eight and continued
until he reached New York, where
he played under the baton of Ar-
turo Toscanini. Since that time he
has appeared with most of the
major orchestras on radio and
television.
Farkas is regarded as one of
the premier French hornists in
the United States today. He has
held solo horn positions in such
orchestras as the Cleveland, Bos-
ton and Chicago Symphonies.

WILLIAM BELL PHILIP FARKAS
. . . plays tuba ... first hornist

Wagner Joins Five-YearRagweed Study

Two great American summer4
"pastimes,' baseball and hay fever,
have one thing in common-com-
mon ragweed.
Pollen from ragweed is the tor-
mentor of millions of hay fever
and asthma victims each year.
Ragweed thrives around freshly
exposed baseball diamonds.
In fact, ragweed "digs in" and
invades roadsides, gardens, wheat-
fields, and just about any place
where soils are exposed, says Prof.
Warren H. Wagner, Jr. of the
botany department.
Heads Study
Prof. Wagner heads the botani-
cal side of a five-year investiga-
tion, now halfway completed, on
the many aspects of ragweed.
Other leaders are Prof. E. Wendell
Hewson of the engineering col-
lege, Dr. John M. Sheldon, aller-
gist in the medical school, and
Prof. F. M. Hemphill of the School
of Public Health.
The research is sponsored by the
National Institutes of Health
through the University Research
Institute.
Common ragweed is thought to
be derived, through migration and
cross-breeding, from two parent
species found along the Atlantic
coast area from Newfoundland to
Louisiana. The parent plants, so
the theory goes, begin north and

south of Washington, D.C., Prof.
Wagner said. This summer he will
test the theory by crossing species
from both of these, areas in an
attempt to produce common rag-
weed artificially.
Man Important
"Man has played an important
part in the spread of common rag-
weed," Prof. Wagner said. "As the
Atlantic coast was settled, new
roads were built inland providing
ragweed with a ready-made home.
Since then the spread of this
hardy plant has been tremendous.
North American ragweed has
shown up all over the world.
"It is said by some to account
for 90 per cent of all pollen in the
air in the United States during
ragweed season, or about one mil-
lion tons!"
Amazingly enough, ragweed has
no chance in fields where grasses,
trees, and herbs have a strong
foothold. "You won't find ragweed
in old grassy fields despite the
fact that there may be up to 50
different species of other plants,"
Prof. Wagner said.
Weed Takes Over
"It's a funny thing, though-if
an animal such as a gopher digs
a hole in the field, the ragweed
immediately takes over and grows

on the freshly exposed soil," he
said.
Prof. Wagner and his staff are
currently working with the theory
that ragweed growing along the
exposed shoulders of highways
might be causing much of the
nation's hay fever.
"Ragweed is only temporary-
lasting two or three years--in
most places in Michigan, for ex-
ample. But along roadways it is
permanent," Prof. Wagner ex-
plained. "This is shown particu-
larly well in northern Michigan
where there are uniform roadways
and shoulders.
Still Seeks Answers
"We still must answer some
important questions, however. For
instance, how far does allergy-
producing pollen travel? It's been
seen 200 miles at sea and thou-
sands of feet in the air. Does the
pollen's age have anything to do
with its potency, that is, does it
lose its effectiveness after travel-
ing?"
Prof. Wagner said it has been
estimated that 99 per cent of all
pollen released by ragweed falls
on the same plant or in the same
area from which it came. "If this
is the case, then roadside plants
may be especially serious in the
development of hay fever."
With these problems in mind,
Prof. Wagner is also studying the
morphology or structure of rag-
weed flowers this summer. His as-
sistants are looking into the physi-
ology and cell structure of the
plant.
"We want to find out exactly
how the minutely small ragweed
flower works," he said. Accord-
ingly, they will begin with the
embryonis or earliest stages of
flower development.
If it can be shown that rag-
weed does drop a high percentage
of its pollen along America's
roadways, one of the biggest mys-
teries of the plant-and subse-
quently of hay fever -- may be
solved.

AVERAGES 75-80:
Highest July Temperature
In Michigan Recorded at 112

If you think July is hot, perhaps
you'll cool off a bit when you learn
that the highest official tempera-
ture ever recorded in Michigan for
this month was 112.
The thermometer climbed that
high at the Mio Hydro Plant back
in 1936, according to climatologists
in the Meteorological Laboratories
at The University of Michigan.
Of course, that 112 degrees is
a cold day compared to the 134
at Greeland Ranch, "Death Valley,
Calif.," in 1913, the highest official
temperature ever recorded in the
nation.
And speaking of cool weather,
did you know that the tempera-
ture has dipped to 32 degrees or

less in every part of Michigan at
one time or another during July?
Generally speaking, however,
the state's average temperatures
during July north of the Thumb
can be expected to be from 75 to
80 degrees the hottest part of the
day, dropping to about 55 at night.
South of that point, the warm-
est part of the day will be about
85 degrees, with nights about 60.
On the other hand, the north-
west part of the Lower Peninsula
has had as little as one-tenth inch
in July. The Independence Day
month also usually has experi-
enced from five to eight thunder-
storms and one or two days of fog.

HENRY H.
TEVENS Inc.
LONG
DISTANCE
MOVING .a
1
Flint 6, Michigan Bi
Phone Collect
Flint CEdar 4-1686 Manager
For Lower Free Estimates
Interstate Rates Every Friday
We own, operate, schedule and dispatch our own fleet of vans
for better direct service without transfer.

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