Sixty-Eighth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY- OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS5 STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 CHEERS AND JEERS AT WORLD'S FAIR: Is the U.S. a Failure at Brussels? When Opinions Are Free Truth Will Prevail" Enjoyable Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. (EDITOR'S NOTE - What's the disagreement orcr the United States pavilion at the World's Fair all about? Why is there such sio- lent difference of opinion that ranges from ecstatic cheers to bit- ter outrage? here's am analysis by a Pulitzer 'rize-winning reporter.) By RELMTAN MORIN Associated Press Writer BRUSSELS - The most "Amer- ican" exhibit at the World's Fair is not listed in the catalogue nor found in any booth. It isn't the voting machines sug- gested by President Eisenhower, the Idaho potatoes or Kansas wheat, the well-thumbed mail or- der books, the California red- wood, the New England scenes -. certainly not that now-famous nude ician woman in the ham- mock.' It's the total disagreement, the virolent reaction, pro and con, of (Americans themselves about their pavilion. One American tourist emerges spluttering with indig nation, out- raged, mentally composing a furi- o'is letter to his hcmetown news- paper or his ccngressman. Right behind him i& another. DNESDAY, JULY 16, 1958 NIGHT EDITOR: SUSAN HOLTZER An Ultimatum of Arms -The Only Alternative ITH THE LANDING of marines in Lebanon, United States officials seem, at long last, be admitting the failure of American foreign :licy. That frightening word -intervention -ap- arently has been confronted and accepted now the only way to retrieve the shattered pieces American diplomacy spread throughout the aming Middle East. In its usual fashion the untry that "never lost a war" has been forced concede the loss of another peace. It is ,cing the consequences now-one can only ope it has faced them in time. If this country is to be plunged into war, it because there is no other choice. Had the nited States backed down once more, the de- ouement would have been delayed, but it would ave come in time.. In any case, the events that are upon this >untry now are as much its own fault as any- ae's. In the time-honored American tradition, ere has been a failure to examine our foreign )liCy once it was formulated, and now, at the 'itical moment, it is too late for recrimina- ons. The importance of the Middle East is some- Ling that has been realized; it needs but a tle explanation. The uncommitted peoples, mnerican prestige, oil for the lamps of Europe-- 1 these are at stake in this area, and the nited States has been either unwilling or un- >1e to protect them. Now, as is the United ates' habit, it must make a desperate grasp r them, with the constant threat that, if it >es not catch hold this time, there may not be ;other opportunity. The Middle East, however, is merely a symbol what has been happening to this country roughout the world. What the Truman Doc-. ine and the Marshall Plan refused to allow, as been happening not only in the Middle East it in Africa, Asia,-in every corner of the globe here Russia's golden promises and America's ept actions compete. The nations of the Middle East turned to ussia only when the United States placed con- tions on its friendship which those countries were unwilling to accept. The Soviet offer came "with no strings attached;" Russia has played a different game, preferring 'to await economic dependence before attempting political subjuga- tion. One chance to answer the Arab challenge came-and went-in 1956, when the United States used its influence to stop a Franco- British invasion of the Suez region. From that event can be traced the real rise of Nasserism, and its accompanying circumstances, one of which is the current Iraq crisis. Spurred on by a desperate desire for peace, the United States has failed to recognize its ultimate price. Egypt, Indonesia, other "in- significant" countries have been allowed to move out of the American sphere of influence. Because the United States has been so fearful of Jeopardizing its shaky "non-war," position, it has deluded itself into accepting a policy of containment that was outmoded some time ago. The Soviet Union has not been contained; except for those areas where the United States is solidly entrenched, Communism has con- tinued to spread, amoeba-like, while the United States sits on the sidelines, inert. In Lebanon and Iraq now, it is almost too late. It is, at least, too late for diplomacy. There was only one course left to this couitry if it wished to recapture any portion of its lost strength-a show of force. If its politics of peace has led it into war, that is largely its own fault. The possibility of Russian "volunteers" entering the area is pre- sent; it is unlikely they will let the United States proceed without some action. But the theory of "limited" or "preventive" war has not yet been disproved-it had reasonable success in Korea, and we must hope it will succeed in Iraq also. But this country could not afford further vacillation. Outmoded Munich diplomacy proved a failure against Nazi Germany, and it would have similarly failed against Communist Russia in the Middle East. An ultimatum of arms was the only answer left. - SUSAN HOLTZER Inside the American Pavilion WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND: SBehind the Mafia Scenes By DREW PEARSON OP Needs Politicians, Not Generals REPUBLICANISM seems to be dying. Presi- dent Eisenhower was unable to carry a Re- publican Congress into office in his big land- slide of 1956 and even "Time" magazine, a somewhat less than neutral political observer, now predicts the Republicans will lose at least 15 seats in the House and, with luck, break even in the Senate in the coming elections. If off-year Congressional elections have any value in predicting forthcoming contests, the Republican Party will lose the 1960 elections, including the Presidency. The impending GOP election defeats "Time" attributes to party squabbles at the state levels, using California and Michigan as prime ex- amples. Both states used to be solidly Repub- lican. But the Knowland-Knight-Nixon battles on the West Coast over the past few years, plus aggressive Democratic grass roots organ-, izing has changed this to the point where pre- dictions have both Knowland and Knight los- ing this fall.' Michigan has been thoroughly demoralized by Gov. G. Mennen Williams, a man who can- not lose, as much as his actions warrant it. A split, which seems to have developed between different factions of the Michigan Republican party in 1952, is still present. The Republicans face a minority situation or at least a two- party situation where they previously had a monopoly in such states as Iowa, Maine, Nebraska, and Oregon. A LL THIS has caused some Republican thought but not much real action. Party splits still exist; factions seem more concerned with fighting each other than in fighting the common enemy; Democrats continue building organizations which are more efficient than the Republicans' The importance of these facts cannot be minimized. But the decline in Republican pop- ularity includes another factor. President Eisenhower is a military man; in 1952 the people trusted him and wanted him to lead the nation in a troubled world. The world now Is even more troubled but the President is no longer leading. The world situation, with the exception of the brief summit conference glow in 1955, has remained serious. Subconsciously Americans probably have moved away from conservatism in search of a modern, dynamic policy which can lead the United States out of the cold war, something the present administration has failed to do. Editorial Staff MICHAEL KRAFT DAVID TARR Co-Editor Co-Editor ROBERT JUNKER ...................Night Editor EDWARD GERULDSEN ................ Night Editor SUSAN HOLTZER ... . . .............,.. Night Editor LANE VANDERSLICE ...............Night Editor RICHARD MINTZ....................Sports Editor RED SHIPPEYs................Chief Photographer Business Staff THIS SHIFT may be a major factor in tak- ing votes from the "New" Republicans, an- other name for the New Deal with the "Repub- lican" replacing "Deal" to gain minority sup- port. The Republicans are now forced into the situation where a President who generally lacks initiative must deal with over-ambitious congressmen, who have the nasty habit of turning up old wives tales like the Sherman Adams fiasco. Russian science advances, too, have created a tension the White House has been unable to dispel. And the President's health is still an- other factor for national uneasiness. Malty voters will not cast their ballot for more of the unfavorable atmosphere the American pub- lic has been forced to tolerate since 1952. REPUBLICAN chances for retaining any semblance of power in 1960 are now slim, and growing slimmer. Probably only a Demo- cratic political blunder of major proportions or very dynamic Republican action at home and abroad can reverse this trend. Only a small number of Republicans appear worried about their political future. Richard Nixon cannot himself carry the ag- ing, impotent party into power; he will be lucky to win himself. Another twenty years out of office may be necessary to teach Re- publicans that their place is on the conserva- tive side domestically, the liberal side inter- nationally. This lesson may never be learned if they do not keep generals out of the White House and put shrewd politicians in. -ROBERT JUNKER New hooks at the Library McCormick, Anne O'Hare-Vatical Journal, 1921-1954; N.Y., Farrar, Strauss and Cudahy, 1957. Ios Passos, John-The Great Days; Saga- more Press Inc., 1958. Ferber, Edna-Ice Palace; N.Y., Doubleday, 1958. Hubler, Richard G.--SAC: The Strategic Air Command; N.Y., Duell, Sloane & Pearce, 1958. Leach, Douglas E. - Flintlock and Toma- hawk; N.Y., Macmillan, 1958. Murphy, Dennis - Sergeant; N.Y., Viking, 1958. Peretz, I. L.-In This World and The Next; N.Y., Thomas Yoseloff, 1958. Singer, Issac Bashevis; Gimpel the Fool and Other Stories; N.Y., Monday, 1957. Stanwell-Fletcher, Theodora C.-Clear Lands and Icy Seas; N.Y., Dodd-Mead, 1958. Almedingen, E. M. - A Very Far Country; N.Y., Appleton, 1958. Ashmore, Harry S. - An Epitaph for Dixie; N.Y., Norton, 1958. Brittain, Robert -'Rivers, Man and Myths; N.Y., Doubleday, 1958. Burrows, Millar - More Light on the Dead Sea Scrolls; N.Y., Viking, 1958. Campbell, Alexander - The Heart of India; , WASHINGTON - An interest- ing battle is taking place behind the scenes regarding the biggest underworld society in the U.S.A. -the Mafia. The tug-of-war is btween the Justice . Department and the Senate Rackets Commit- tee, both wanting to get credit for cracking down on these king-pins of organized crime. The Mafia has been investigat- ed backward and forward for about eight years but still seems to thrive. This column first pub- lished a series of Mafia exposes in October 1950, showing how terror- ism 'was first employed in Sicily against Italian landlords, then used in th U.S.A. to develop over- lords of crime. Following this, Sen. Estes Kefauver investigated the Mafia and for a time had them on th^ run. Then Attorney General James McGranery started a campaign to deport the Mafia chieftains. He listed over a hundred top gang- sters for deportation. His succes- sor, Attorney General Herbert Brownell, talked a lot about de- portation, but few of the gang- sters actually left the U.S.A. *' * * MORE RECENTLY, Paul Wil- liams, able United States attor- ney in New York, has tried to scoop the Senate Rackets Com- mittee - ad incidentally build himself up as Republican candi- date for governor - by rushing indictments of top Mafia mem- bers Meanwhile, the Senate committee is holding daily hear- ings. Williams staged a dramatic ar- rest of Vito Gcnovese, the top Mafia leader, and some of his henchmen in New York. He is backed up by a special task force of Justice Department investiga- INTERPRETING THE NEWS: Crisis Among'Worst In Postwar History By J. M. ROBERTS Associated Press News Analyst SELDOM HAS THE United States been required to set high and fateful policy in such an atmosphere of uncertainty as exists today. The mere fact that President Eisenhower felt constrained to order troops into Lebanon before any action could be obtanied in the United Nations, ordinarily a key point in his policy, ranks the Middle East crisis among the most serious in postwar history. Whatever the previous commitment to President Chamoun may have been, such unilateral action could have been taken only by facing the alternative of possible collapse of the whole Western position in the area. CHIEF UNCERTAINTIES, of course, are the reactions to be ex- pected from the Soviet Union and the Arab nationalist movement under Nasser of Egypt, which the Soviet Union supports. The President is-obviously hoping that this demonstration of Ameri- ca's most serious interest in Middle Eastern political stability will serve as a check on nationalist moves against Jordan and Saudi Arabia until the new situation can be assayed. The fact that Britain has remained in the background indicates a Western desire to keep away as far as possible from actions of a colonial- istic character. , * * , NEVERTHELESS, Britain is going to have to make some move against the loss of her oil interests in Iraq, and the possible spread of nationalist subversion to Kuwait. The United States has similar inter- ests in Saudi Arabia. Coordination will be essential this time, as against the independent action in Egypt by Britain and France in 1956 which resulted in such a hassle among the Allies. The United States is also committed to the preservation of Jordan not only for its own sake but also to prevent the complete encirclement of Israel by Nasserism. Yet in all of these countries the imposition of the status quo by Western intervention is against the wishes of large sections of the populations. BRITAIN is reported willing to answer a request to help either the remnants of the pro-Western government in Iraq or King Hussein in tors. Simultaneously, counsel Bob Kennedy of the Senate Rackets Committee, has had his agents checking on the Mafia. Both sides have learned pretty much the same thing - namely, that the Mafia has taken over loose control of most organized rackets and the loot from these rackets has been invested in legi- timate businesses which serve as a front to hide the Mafia's secret income. * * * THE BI~G G E ST Mafia-con- trolled racket is narcotics smug-' gling. Investigators have uncov- ered evidence that the sensational meeting of gangland leaders at Apalachin, N.Y., last November was called to shake up the nar- cotics organization and redistrib- ute territory. The shakeup was believed re- lated to the gangland slaying of Albert Anastasia in a New York hotel barbershop and the at-, tempted slaying of Frankie Cos- tello. Genovese and Costello were rivals inside the Mafia. Investigators have also found a link between the Apalachin con- ference and Lucky Luciano, now exiled to Italy. Luciano's secret contact man, Santo Serge, met with two Mafia messengers, in Palermo, Sicily, shortly before the Apalachin conference. This underworld conclave, inci- dentally, was attended by 139 mobsters who came all the way from California to Cuba. The main Mafia headquarters are lo- cated in New York, Chicago and Miami. There are other important Mafia rings operating in Los An- geles, Las Vegas, Denver, Omaha, Detroit, Philadelphia, Boston, At- lanta and Tampa. WHAT is needed to curb the Mafia, in addition to exposure, is a law permitting the FBI to aid. local police, based on the fact that most Mafia murders cross inter-' state boundaries. The killers are usually imported from out of state; witnesses are either terror- ized or killed; the getaway cars, usually rigged with phony license, plates, cross state lines; the mur- der weapons, in case they are dropped or abandoned, carry no markings that can be traced. These Mafia methods make it al- most impossible for local police to cope with them. As a result, the Mafia has left a long series of unsolved murders in its wake. The Chicago police, reporting on some of these mur- ders, noted: "In each of these pre- viously cited homicides the meth- od of assassination was identical. The murderers boldly attacked their victim in public places and imp, .n n n nnn '- n ih i.,1 ales hrii- starry-eyed, thrilled, with a spine- ful of ecstatic shivers. * * * SOME weep openly, tears of pride for well-loved American scenes. Others, bewildered and angry, burst into scalding re- marks: "But that isn't America: what will the rest of the world think of us?" This could develop into one of the all-time American controver- sies. The summer flood of tourists to Europe is just beginning. Thou- sands more will see the pavilion - with the same hot reactions. Moreover, President Eisenhower recently sent George V. Allen, di- rector of the United States In- formation Agency, to inspect the pavilion after criticism reached the floor of the Senate. He re- turned with a generally favorable report. But the dispute remains. What Is its basis? You find it readily in two files of letters, classified "favorable" and "unfavorable" in the pavilion offices. There are more in the "unfavorable" file. Could that be because the man who likes the pavilion is less likely to write and say so? THERE are also bales of Euro- pean newspaper comment. Finally, if you stand around for three days, asking questions, and eavesdropping, certain undeniable lines of opinion emerge. Here they are: 1) Most Europeans appear fa- vorably impressed with the United States presentation. Some are lyrical about it. Many say It is the best in the whole gigantic ar- ray of national exhibits. 2) Europeans and Americans alike praise the drum-shaped, gold-and-glass building, which is light and ethreal and glows at night like a Jewelled crown. It was created by Edward D. Stone, an Arkansas-born architect. A high Soviet official - who said he did not like the United States exhibit inside - called it "the most beautiful building I have ever seen in my life." 3) The technique of the soft sell - that is, quiet, relaxed, de- void of circus blurbs -- keynotes the American exhibit. Curiously enough, this very fact disappoints manry Americans and conversely, it comes as a pleasant surprise to Europeans who have come to ex- pect Anericans to brag about "the biggest-this-and-the-best-that" in the world. * * * 4) CRITICISM by Americans focuses mainly on, four aspects -- the amount of abstract sculpture and painting, the fashion show, the absence of 'a "typical" home furnished with the best in Ameri- can 'decorative arts, and the col- lection of objects in front of what is, in fact, the main group of en- trances. Allen agreed with the criticism about too much abstract painting and sculpture. In his report to the President he suggested more va- riety in the art show. He also wanted £o broaden the display dealing with America's unfinished tasks such as segregation and housing, perhaps to include pub- lic health. To oft-repeated criticism that the American presentation doesn't show enough ma chines and enough of American industrial products, he replies: "Everybody knows we have such machines. You can walk down the street in Brussels or almost any European capital and see them" w w - HE THEN points out something, that many Americans do not know: "There were some ground rules laid down for this fair. Itis not supposed to be a trade fair. It is supposed to show man and prog- Tess, what we call 'a new human- ism'." Many, if not most, of the exhi- bits of other, nations conform to this. The Soviet exhibit heavily em- phasizes machinery, massive and overpowering - and, to be sure - the Sputniks. It also stresses-Marxist propa- ganda at every turn, and the ac- complishments of the Commu- nists in everything from education to producer consumption of silks. and textiles. DAILY OFFICIAL The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editor- ial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN forma to Room 3519 Administration Build- ing, before 2 p.m., the day preced- ing publication WEDNESDAY, JULY 16, 1958 VOL. LXVIII, NO. 15-s General Notices Classical Studies Coffee-Hour: The AMIDST the waving of many fans, the Stanley Quartet last night presented the second of their three summer programs in Rack- ham Lecture Hall. The evening's fare was bounded by familiar works of Beethoven and Debussy, with the 7th quartet of "composer in residence" Ross Lee Finney (who is at present "in residence" in England) providing the contemporary contrast. The Beethoven Quartet, Op. 18, No. 2, which opened the program, is perhaps one of the most familiar yet most durable pieces in the repertoire. Although the perform- ance got off to a somewhat shaky start, the particularly nice pianis- simo ensemble in the coda of the opening Allegro more than com- pensated for any faults. The secondmovement with its long, quietly moving melodies pro- vided an excellent vehicle for the opulent cello tones of Robert Swenson. The final two move- ments were respectively sprightly and solid, marred only by a few intonation difficulties not uncom- monly encountered in such hu- midity. The Finney Quartet No. 7, though diverging from the tradi- tional harmonic sonorities, is uni- fied by the use of conventional form. Unlike many other contem- porary composers, Mr. Finney is most conservative in both the range and number of notes. This circumstance makes his work more easily assimilated upon first or second hearing, and is one of the distinguishing features between a true composer and a talented technician. THE FIRST movement is fur- ther unified by an identical open- ing and closing statement for cello. The second movement, marked Capriccioso consists of a four-way conversation between the instru- ments. Sometimes the conversa- tion is lyrical and assured and at other times it is excited, agitated and insistent. There being no dis- cernable pause between the second and third movements, this re- viewer (along with about half the audience) was anticipating yet another movement at the conclu- sion of the work. The concert concluded with the very well known Quartet in G minor, Op. 10 by "le Musicien Francais," Claude Debussy, in which he proved that given the same number of notes, four men can be made to sound like a string orchestra. -Allegra Branson AT MUSIC CIRCLE : 'GuyS' A Sure Bet Guysand Dolls may not be the oldest established musical in the book (Oklahoma has it beat for age) but it is the fastest mov- ing and most colorful. Musie Circle's production of the Frank Loesser score bears this out. The youthful singing and danc- ing choruses keep the stage alive with the seediest bunch of Damon Runyon guys and the most invit- ing dolls that ever inhabited Broadway from midnight to dawn. The show's scenery is rather scant but what it lacks in this area is amply compensated for by the freshness and vitality of the show as a whole. Wten the cast goes into a production number such as "A Bushel and a Peck" or "Luck Be a Lady Tonight," stage settings are easily forgotten. Maxie Rosenbloom, the only well-known name in the show, is enormously funny in his por- trayal of Big Jule, the Chicago gamb"er whose only pleasure is shooting crap. But the show by no means depends on Rosenbloom for its success. PHILIP STERLING is a con- vincing Nathan Detroit. As pro- prietor of a permanent floating crap game, Nathan must find a place for the game and also be careful not to be trapped into marriage by Adelaide, his fiancee for 14 years. He finds a place to gamble even while the police are putting on the heat; but evading Adelaide is another story. Pat McMahon plays Sky Mas- terson who gets his name because he bets so high. Sky takes a "mis- sion doll" to Havana on a $1,000 wager. He wins the bet and also the girl and in doing so gets to show off his singing talents in a ballad or two. The part of Sarah Brown, Sky's romantic interest, is handled by Rose Maric Robinson. Miss Rob- inson is best during her songs - particularly "If I Were a Bell." WHILE Miss Robinson is mere- ly adequate as Sarah, Jacqueline James is perfect as Adelaide. Her singing, dancing and acting adds up to the most satisfying per- formance in the entire produc- tion. i * * 4 'I I .. (. (