.4i 4 SUMMERFIELD AND SERVICE See page 4 Sixty-Six Years of Editorial Freedom 743 a t t 19 ,RAIN DUE AGAIN VOL. LXVII, No. 13S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JULY 12, 1957 SIX PAGES Japan Will Gain Stable Economy Lecturer Says Major Problems * Arise from Sudden Transition By RENE GNAM Japan has made rapid strides towards achieving economic, so- cial and political stability in the past few decades, but she still has a long way to go. The question of whether Japan will be able to achieve relatively enduring stability is of major concern to the Japanese who have seen their nation change abruptly from one form of government to an- other. This stability can be achieved, Prof. Edwin 0. Reischauer said yesterday. Capacity' Audience Fourth lecturer in the summer session' series "Asian Cultures and the Modern American," Prof. Reischauer spoke/to a capacity _ . Khrushchev Slams Ike's H-om Bid PRAGUE, Czechoslovakia () - Soviet Communist boss Nikita Khrushchev said yesterday Presi- dent Dwight D. Eisenhower's re- port on the possibility of a "clean" hydrogen bomb is "stupid," In a speech in this Communist capital, the victor in the latest Kremlin shakeup declared: "Pres- Sident Eisenhower is a talented man of great principles. But look at what a stupid thing he says 4when he says there is a clean hydrogen bomb. "How can you have a clean bomb to do a dirty thing? It means the destruction of women and children. 'What a contradiction: They call dirty things clean." * * * The White House issued a state- ment saying: "It is rather amazing that Mr. Khrushchev would think efforts by American scientists to eliminate dangerous fallout from atomic explosions is a stupid thing.' "The avoidance of mass destruc- tion in an atomic war is and has been a prime objective of President Eisenhower and his administration, no less than the aim of eliminating the possibility of war itself. "Such efforts to which the United States is dedicated are and will be continued." ** * ' President Eisenhower told his June 26 news conference scientists had informed him that possibly within four or five years they m i g h t produce an "absolutely clean" H-bomb. This would be a bomb free of radioactive strontium -90 fallout which can contaminate vast areas. Present bombs are called. "dirty" because of the high amount of fall- out involved. A "clean" bomb could be concentrated on military tar- gets. A-Scientists Of 10 Nations Give Warning PUGWASH, Nova Scotia (A)-- Nuclear scientists from the United States, Russia, Britain and seven other countries said yesterday 4that development of atomic arma- ments has reached the point where a "completely effective and reliable control system appears to be no longer possible." But the group of 20 scientists insisted that mankind must some- how find the way to abolish war or suffer catastrophe. The scientists, including lead- ing atomic experts. issued a state- ment saying international power gl oulps must be broken and the arms race ended. They released the statement after four days of study and dis- cussion at an international con- ference called by British philo- sopher Bertrand Russell. Crop Damage Hits Indiana INDIANAPOLIS, (R) - Summer flood damage to Indiana crops was labeled a "major disaster" by Lt. Gov. Crawford F. Parker, state agriculture commissioner, yester- day on the eve of a conference of ,audience in Auditorium A, Angell Hall. He said Japan has been in "vio- lent, rapid transition." This tran- sition, he indicated, poses two questions in addition to the prob- lem of stability. To the first - What does Asian change portend? - he said "real conflicts arise in areas of politi- cal and social change." Follows West Social change ,in Japan, Prof. Reischauer indicated, "tends to go in the same direction as the West." Political change presents a vi- tal problem. Japan in the 1930's was torn between two systems-democracy Continuous Rights Fray Postponed Senator Johnson Favors Quick Vote WASHINGTON (M-By unani- mnous agreement, the Senate de- cided late yesterday it will not start round-the-clock sessions on the civil rights bill at least until tomorrow. D e m o c r a t i c Leader Lyidon Johnson of Texas, who engineered the agreement, said he hoped the senators could get together later on a definite time to vote on a motion to bring the controversial legislation to the floor. The Senate has been debatirg the motion in overtime sessions since Monday. Favors Vote Sen. Johnson said he favored a vote next Wednesday. Others seek a vote Monday and some want one Thursday. The fact that "some 18 or 20 senators" still want to make speeches on the motion, the Dem- ocratic leader said, made it impos- sible to fix a voting time now. (The time must be fixed by un- animous agreement.) Sen. Johnson said that after last night's session the Senate would meet at 9:30 a.m. today and tomorrow. Earlier in yesterday's long ses- sion Sen. Johnson announced he woud support a propos l by Sen. Wayne Morse (D-Ore) to ref e the civil rights bill to the Judiicary C mmittee with orders to report it back in two weeks. The move would probably save time, he said. Ask Senate In effect, Sen. Morse and Sen. Johnson were asking the Senate to reverse its decision of June 20 Which by-passed the Judiciary bommittee and placed the House- passed bill directly on the Senate calendar. Sen. Morse supports the civil rights legislation but objects to short-circuiting the committee system. He conceded yesterday that the Judiciary Committee has been holding up the Senate's version of the civil rights bill for more than six months. but he said the Senate could instruct the com- mittee when to report back the House version. Sen. Morse's motion probably would not be voted on until the motion to bring the House bill to the floor is disposed of. Additional amendments are ex- pected td be proposed by other senators. Heart Ailment Kills Aga Khan At Age of 79 GENEVA ()P-Aga Khan, Mos- lem religious leader who lived like a king of old, died yesterday at his lakeside villa in suburban Versoix. He was 79. His heart began to fail six years ago. Sorrowing Moslems of all sects prayed for the soul of the spiritual head of 20 million Ismaili Mos- lems-the man who had weighed himself in gold, diamonds and platinum. Prince Aly Khan, 46, former husband of actress Rita Hayworth, seemed destined to succeed his father as the Ismaili leader. OK'd Scheduled for Ne~ Japanese Case Brings ENew Battle On Proposal Amendment Sought For GI Court Trials WASHINGTON (P) -A House battle began shaping up last night to add to President Dwight D. Eisenhower's new foreign aid bill a prohibition against foreign court trials of United States servicemen The move developed in the wake 7bf the Supreme Court's decision in the case of GI William S. Girard. Rep. F. T. Bow (R-Ohio) said he was studying President Eisen- hower's $3,242,333,000 foreign aid measure "to see where an amend- ment might be offered." Bill Cleared The aid bill was cleared by the Rules Committee yesterday for House consideration starting Mon- day. Rep. Bow said the Supreme Court decision in the Girard case "makes it even more urgent" that Congress act on his resolution aimed at preventing the prosecu- tion of United States servicemen in foreign courts. Rep. Bow's resolution, which has been approved by the Foreign Af- fairs Committee, would direct the President to revise or renounce any status of forces agreements which contain any provisions for foreign jurisdiction over offenses committed by American GIs abroad. New Measure As a result of the court deci- sion in the Girard case, Bow in- troduced a new measure yesterday which he said will "provide the barrier which the Supreme Court indicates is necessary to save our servicemen from foreign justice." This new measure, a supplement to his previous resolution, would amend the United States Uniform Code of Military Justice to provide that no serviceman "shall be sub- ject to the criminal laws of any foreign nation." Rep. Bow said this would meet the court's decision that in the ab- sence of any United States law to the contrary, the executive branch was free to decide whether to turn an American serviceman over to the Japanese for trial. Rep. Wayne Hays (D-Ohio) pre- dicted that Rep. Bow's resolution, which has been bottled up in the Rules Committee, "will be put on as an amendment" to the foreign aid bill. The resolution is opposed by the Eisenhower administration, whose spokesmen contend its adoption would force the recall of United States forces from all parts of the world. CLINTON TRIAL: Prosecutor Yields Files Relu4 Girard, Suprem by H earing Court, 7- Li t .dMonth. Ike's Move rtantly- Backed Up' an oral statement Unanimously itness, J. M. Burk ollowing a now well- Judge Gatrsumte uarantees UI statement to Tay- Fair, Speedy Trial ruled that he will arbiter on all such To Illinois Soldier KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (R) ,- The government yielded segments of its secret FBI "raw" files in the four-day-old Clinton segregation trial yesterday. But it fought tenaciously to save every possible scrap from hard-probing defense lawyers. Under a ruling byeUnited States District Judge Robert L. Taylor, United States District Attorney John C. Crawford Jr. ceremonious- ly handed over to the defense a transcription of a witness' state- nent to the FBI. After studying the document overnight, Taylor ruled that the- statement - made by Robert G. Crossno, chairman of the Ander- son Couny Clinton School Board - was pertinent to the trial of 16 defendants on criminal con enompt, charges in United States District Court here. _ As such, the judge said, the de- fense was entitled to knots what Crcssno, as a witness here, had told the FBI during its investiga- Didn'tBait. HoffaTrap f -Committee WASHINGTON - The chair- man and counsel of the Senate Rackets Investigating Committee yesterday denied in court they baited a trap to snare Midwest Teamsters boss James R. Hoff a. Hoffa is on trial for an alleged bribery-conspiracy plot to obtain the committee's secret.s The testimony was given by Sen. John McClellan (D-Ark), the commnittee's chairman, and Robert F. Kennedy, its chief counsel. The four-week-old trial began to move swiftly after United States District Judge Burnita S. Matthews declared a mistrial as to Hoffa's codefendant, Miami at- torney Hyman I. Fischbach, whose counsel had become ill. Fischbach is to be tried later. Sen. McClellan and Kennedy were called after the government's key witness, John Cye Cheasty, an investigator on the McClellan committee staff, wound up 10 days of testimony. Cheasty has told how Hoffa paid him to get a job on the Rack- ets Committee staff and feed Hof- fa data from committee files. Both Sen. McClellan dand Ken- nedy, in their separate testimony, said they thought the idea of hir- ing Cheasty on the committee staff was discussed by them in a secret conference with FBI Di- rector J. Edgar Hoover on Feb. 15. I tion of mob violence which erupt- ed in the little town of Clinton, 20 miles northwest of Knoxville, last fall. With heavy sarcasm, the tall, booming-voiced C r a w f o r d an- nounced: "It is agreeable to the government to turn over certain sections of the document." But Crawford fought to keep back every possible bit of infor- mation a little later when chief defense counsel Robert L. Dobbs, Memphis, demanded a similar FBI transcript of by another w hart, 60. Crawford, fc established I Burkhart's FB lor, who has be the final FBI data turned over to the de- fense. Clinton High was the first state- supported secondary school in Tennessee to admit Negroes along with white students. I NATIONWIDE: Civil Defense Exercise To Test War Machinery WASHINGTON (A')-Imaginary death and devastation will be poured on "American cities today to launch the nationwide civil defense and mobilization exercise: Operation Alert 1957. State and city civil defense authorities are preparing to fly into action as .if at the outbreak. of World War III, but no team knows yet whether its own city is among those chosen for mock nuclear blast, fire and fallout. In Washington, President Dwight D. Eisenhower and 24 staff aides will be lifted in a fleet of 14 helicopters and flown to a secret site -Daily-Richard Bloss PROF. EDWIN O. REISCHAUER .. . sees a stable Japan andtotalitarianism. Since the end of the war Japan has tended to- ward democracy, but she still must make a definite choice be- tween a democratic form of gov- ernment and a totalitarian sys- tem. Constantly Concerned The second question - Can Asian cultures survive? - is per- haps most immediately important. to the Japanese and other Asiatic peoples, he said. These peoples, Prof. Reischauer emphasized are constantly con- cerned lest their cultures lose in- dividuality due to absorption of Western social and moral prac- tices and beliefs. The Japanese, Prof. Reischauer said, have acquired many Ameri- can customs and adopted and adapted them to their own use. Little to Fear But, he declared, Asiatic peo- ples have little to fear with re- gard to loss of individuality in their cultures. Asiatic cultures, he said, "are tremendous, distinctive. "Modernization, rather than Westernization" of the cultures is the trend, Prof. Reischauer said. fitted out as the civilian cormand center of a country at war. This will provide the first full test of the new helicopter system. of White House evacuation. About 5,000 government officials and key employes have been alert- ed for a less spectacular removal three days later. They will simply report for duty Monday at 80 relocation centers maintained by 30 agencies in sev- eral states. For three weeks these officials have been operating in Washing- ton under simulated conditions of mounting world tensions and "de- teriorating international relation- ships." This has been the "prepared- ness" phase of the exercise. Sirens .Ready For Sounding Robert E. A. Lillie, director of Washtenaw- County civilian de- fense unit has .nnounced that air raid sirens will be sounded during daylight hours today. These signals are in connection with the National "Operation Alert 1957." The signals are a drill exercise testing various civil defense func- tions. Lillie requests that the public not phone law enforcement agen- cies to ascertain the cause of the' alarm. Washington A ntici pates fNasser .Bid WASHINGTON (')-Some Unit- ed States officials say they expect Egypt's President Gamal Abdel Nasser to announce some new,. possibly sensational Middle East move in a speech to his people set for July 23. It was under similar circum- stances at about the same time I a s t year that he announced Egypt's seizure of the Suez Canal, Some authorities believe that Nasser this year may demand that United Nations Emergency forces leave his soil, or that he may an- nounce w blockade of the disputed Gulf of Aqaba with submarines bought from Russia. Snag Reported Over Security Restrictions SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - T h e chairman of a government Security Commission and a California con- gressmen disagreed yesterday over necessity for more stringent con- trols of publishing information that might harm national defense. Chairman Lloyd Wright of the commission argued the nation's survival requires drastic penalties and said limits on secret informa- tion actually involve national se- curity. Replying in a debate before the' American Society of newspaper editors, Rep. John E. Moss (D- Calif), said the Wright commit- tee's proposals would result in a virtually complete blackout of news on government operations. Rep. Moss said there is ever- increasing secrecy in Washington and. against that backdrop, the Wright commission's recommenda- tions for a new security law re- quired a "clear definition of what we are to protect" beyond the ob- vious categories of new weapons and war plans. Ro tDTW le Dt By The Associated Press The Supreme Court, in an 8-0 decision of far-reaching import, yesterday cleared the way for Ja- pan to try GI William S. Girard for manslaughter. The high tribunal ruled that the Eisenhower administration violated no provision of the Constitution or laws when it waived any 'right to1 try. Girard by United States Army~ court-martial and decided instead to turn him over to Japan. In Tokyo today ,District Judge Juzo Kawachi announced he will open the Girard trial at 10 a.m. Aug. 26 (7 p.m. CST, Aug. 25) at Maebashi. Fair, Fast Trial He said he will' give Girard a fair and fast trial. Kawachi, roused from sleep be- fore dawn for comment on the Supreme Court decision said he was not surprised at the court's decision. The Supreme Court justices up- held the legality of the status-of- forces agreement between t h e United States and Japan. This pact gives the pirmary right to try American servicemen to the Unite' States in some cases and-to Japan In others. Dispute It also provides that one nation shall give "sympathetic considera- tion" to waiving its right on re- quest from the other nation. After a dispute with Japan as to who had the primary right in the Girard case, top-ranking American officials decided to allow Japan to try the soldier in connection with the fatal shooting of a Japanese woman scavenging for scrap metal on a rifle range which American and Japanese forces shared. This decision was approved by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Waiver The Supreme Court expressed no opinion as to the wisdom of the waiver provision as applied in the Girard case. It said merely that since there is no constitutional' or statutory barrier against it, "the wisdom of the arrangement is exclusively for the determination of the executive and legislative branches." The decision was hailed as "good news" by the Japanese am- bassador. At Camp Whittington, Japan, 21-year-old Girard said only that he was "not surprised" by the court's decision. His Japanese bride, Haru Candy Girard, was unavailable for com- ment. And in Ottawa, Ill., Girard's home town, the decision shocked and saddened his family. Renewed Demands But in Congress there were re- newed demands for action to scrap or change the status - of -,forces pacts which have been signed with about 50 nations. Rep. H. R. Gross (R-Iowa) called the court decision "another assault on the Constitu- tion of the United States." Secretary of Defense Charles Wilson quickly issued a statement that the United States "will render every possible assistance to Girard and his counsel in the protection of his rights." Wilson had previously said that if the status-of-forces pacts were canceled, the United Staes would have to pull its forces out of for- eign lands and retire to a "fortress America." T h e United States - Japanese agreement a b o u t servicemen's trials was entered into under a mutual security treatv which h- 'GLIMPSES OF ASIA': Kimonoed Group Shows 'Lighter Side of Life' By ERNEST ZAPLITNY July is the month of festival in Japan ,- and through the capable efforts of the University's Japa- nese students, the carefree spirit' was brought to a responsive audi- ence in Rackham Hall last night. The presentation, "Summer Fes- tival in Japan," was fourth in the "Glimpses of Asia" series. A well organized format was put together by Akira Hoshino. Before the program had progressed too far, it became joyfully evident that Japanese can be humorous. The star festival is marked by symbolic offerings festooned on: the "tanabata" tree. A demonstra- tion was given: to show that the Japanese think of everything, it was explained that one of the 'r ;.27 MEW