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hen Opinions Are Free,
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Sixty-Sixth Year
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AT THE MICHIGAN:
'Trap ezew;' Swvingys Into
Stan da rd 1ctilo
ESPITE ALL of the publicity aNid iditenatonal attention which
it has received, "Trapeze." the new flecht and Lancaster production,
is a routine circus melodrama about flying artists.
Burt Lancaster is cast as a retired aerialist who has been injured
while performing his top trick. a triple somersult in the air. While
Lancaster is working in a Paris circus, putting up the ropes and nets,
young Tony Curtis persuades the ex-artist to teach him the trick and

Editorials printed in The Michigan.Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or
the editors. This mist be noted in atl reprints.

l

Y, JUNE 29, x956

NIGHT EDITOR: DONNA HANSON


Action to Limit Court
Power Would Be Unwise

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RECENT ATTACKS on the Supreme Court
have ranged from sincere alarm by some
over recent decisions to charges by Senator
James Eastland, the arrogant witch-hunter
from Mississippi, that the Court is pro-com-
munist.
Disregarding extreme accusations. by frus-
trated congressional investigators it still seems
safe to assert the present Court is the most
controversial since that which struck down
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal
legislation.
A host of recent bills introduced in both
houses of Congress aim to limit the court's
power. In an unprecedented move (at least
since Civil War days) 101 congressmen signed
a ~manifesto" expressing determination to
strike down a Court ruling.
Court opponents base their attacks mainly
on one issue: Chief Justice Earl Warren is
trespassing on state's rights and the powers of
Congress-he is, they claim, making law in-
stead of interpreting it.
MOST CONTROVERSIAL decision, of course,
was to desegregate public schools in the
South, written by the Chief Justice in May,
1954.
Other recent decisions which have disturbed
numerous observers include striking down state
laws on sedition (on the ground that the
Smith Act gives the federal government sole
jurisdiction), declaring a New York City firing
of a schoolteacher who refused to answer ques-
tions before a congressional committee uncon-
stitutional, denying the Loyalty Review Board
authority to review a case after an administra-
tive agency had cleared an employee, and de-
claring a federal statute granting immunity
from prosecution to persons whose testimony
may incriminate them valid.
The most recent controversial decision was
that federal employees cannot be dismissed on
security grounds unless they occupy sensitive
positions.

THAT THE Warren Court is more concerned
with application than with deciding consti-
tutional questions seems clear. Warren has, on
occasion, indicated that he feels the law must
be interpreted in a social context as'much as on{
legal grounds.
It is also clear that the Court, under Warren's
guidance,, is laying great emphasis on protec-
tion of individual rights.
It does not follow from either of these,
though, that the Court has exceeded its bounds
or that there is any base for congressional
action to limit its authority.
Individual rights have suffered recently at
the hands of Congress, particularly at the
'ands of a minority of congressional investi-
gators. Treatment of witnesses, neglect of pro-
cedural safeguards, establishment of security
boards and loyalty oaths have caused grave
concern,
If the Court, then, has stepped on congres-
sional and state toes in an effort to restore
these rights it has done so with good cause--
it is time for the pendulum to swing the
'other way.
(LAIMS THAT the Court is more concerned
with application than with constitutional
considerations may be valid but they are not
sufficient base for congressional action to
limiting the Court's authority.
There is ample room for reasonable differ-
ence of opinion on interpreting of legal prin-
cipals. Eminent legal authorities have claimed
that law must be treated as a function of its
social context.
Controversy is not new to the Supreme Court.
History shows many of its most noted decisions
have forced the Court to ride the crest of
controversy.
It would be unfortunate if, in the heat of
the moment, Congress stripped the Court of
a part of its power - for in so doing it would
be stripping the people of their most important
instrument of democracy and freedom.
-LEE MARKS

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WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND-
Facts on Ike Leaking Out
By DREW PEARSON_

Stone Monuments Worthless

THE BLOCK of stone school of monument
erectors has won once again. The House
Armed Services Committee has passed' a pro-
Posal to erect a "Tomb of the Unknown
Soldier" for the Korean War.
This tomb, which will be similar to the
"Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of World War
II, will be in Arlington Cemetery and will
have the same honors paid to it as the World
War I monument. There will be provision for
a twenty-four hour honor guard, tourists, and
a place to sell picture postcards,
It is not reported how much money will be
spent on this tomb. The initial cost of the
stone may be low yet the upkeep and the
maintenance of the troops that will be neces-
sary to give it proper honor guard will be high.
In following the traditional method of
honoring war dead the committee exhibited
traditional lack of imagination.
THE FUNDS which will be appropriated for

this project should be spent to honor the
Korean War dead. No one can quibble with
this. Yet must they be spent on a lifeless block
of stone?
The University's memorial to dead of World
War II points the proper way to recognize the
services and sacrifices of those who have fallen
in battle.
By providing a living monument, the Phoenix
Project, the University not only honors the
dead but also helps to improve the future.
Why then can't the United States carry out
a similar program to honor the dead from
Korea? There are many things which could
provide a living memorial to these men. The
list can start with scholarships to aid the child-
ren of those men. Or perhaps the establish-
ment of scholarships to enable Koreans to
study here would be a fitting memorial.
Nations are built of people, not blocks of
stone. Monuments should be built the same
way,
-KEN JOHNSON

WASHINGTON-More facts are
gradually leaking out regard-
ing the crucial days which preced-
ed President Eisenhower's illness.
They show the strain under which
he worked, the vital decisions heE
faced in the pressing burden thatI
is the presidency. .
Shortly before the illness he had
called in House Representatives
leaders to urge reinstatement of
one billion dollars in foreign aid.
The President did a magnificent,
eloquent job, talking for 30
minutes in two 15-minute periods.
"I am talking to you as a mili-
tary man," he said.
In detail he explained how cer-
tain types of American bombers
could make a certain number of
missions over Moscow if they flew
from European bases, as compar-
ed with far fewer trips if bigger
bombers flew from the U.S.A. He
wanted money for these overseas
bases.
ThE PRESIDENT was sincere
and effective. His listeners were
impressed. But he became flush-
ed with the exertion. His face,
pale before he started talking,
was crimson when he finished.
It was a brilliant, impassioned
plea, but not the kind to be made,
by a man with a heart condition
or high blood pressure.
When he had finished, Speaker
Rayburn said:
"Mr. President, this meeting
should have been held two weeks
ago. The foreign aid bill is now
out of committee. However, we
will do our best."
Rayburn carried out his promise
-only to be reversed. The re-
verse was a defeat for him, but,
more important, it was a defeat
for Ike himself, who had laid his

reputation and his leadership on
the line. The crushing vote against
him occurred a few hours before
the midnight he was taken ill.
ONE DAY before his illness the
President had been quizzed at a
press conference regarding his
failure to support GOP Sen. Alex-
ander Wiley of Wisconsin, a faith-
ful Eisenhower supporter on for-
eign aid. Ike had appealed to re-
publican leaders for support on
foreign aid.
Though Wiley nas consistently
gone down the line for him despite
political opposition back in Wis-
consin, the President did not sup-
port him when anti-Ike, pro- Mc-
Carthy forces conspired against
him for renomination.
When the President was queried
about this in a press conference
one day before he became ill he
became flushed and noticeably
unhappy. Wiley, he replied, had
not wanted White House aid: he,
Eisenhower, had not intervened in
other Republican primaries.
A newspaperman asked why he
had intervened in Oregon to help
ex-Secretary of the Interior Mc-
Kay. Ike replied he had not known
other Republicans were running.
This also was embarrassing. For
newsmen knew that four Republi-
cans had already entered the Ore-
gon primary before Eisenhower
wrote his letter endorsing McKay.
Suddenly at his press conference
the President seemed to realize
that his aides had given him poor
adivee.
All these problems seemed to
converge at once. On other occas-
ions Ike has had stomach upsets
when he faced disagreeable decis-

ions, as when he testified for the
1950 reduced military budget and
faced bitter criticism of his own
military comrades. Illness that fol-
lowed forced him to spend over a
month in Key West,
* * *
AND ON THIS crucial first week
in June there occurred two other
unpleasant crises. One was his
statement sympathetic to neutral
nations which so aroused the Phil-
ippines and Pakistan that the
White House had to issue a state-
ment next day correcting the
President of the United States.
This occurred just a few hours be-
fore the fateful midnight.
Also, just a few hotvs before, Ike
had an unpleasant session with
ex-Sen. Harry Cain, the bitter Re-
publican critic of the Eisenhower
loyalty program.
Senator Cain had scarcely set
foot inside the President's office
when the sparks began to fly. Cain
got into a shouting match, not
with Ike but with White House
Counsel Gerald Morgan, who sat
in on the interview..
Morgan accused Cain of shoot-
ing from the hip and attacking the
President's loyalty program with-
out talking to the White House
first. Testily he charged that Cain
was not a "team player"-a ser-
ious accusation in the Eisenhower
vernacular.
Cain shot back that he had re-
ported to the White House but had
been rebuffed by the palace guard.
He had tried to get information to
Ike about abuses in the loyalty
program, he snorted, but had been
unable to crack through the ring
of aides around the President.
(Copyright 1956, by Bell Syndicate, Inc.)

re-enter the entertainment busi-
ness.
THE TWO MEN have no sooner
begun work when they are inter -
rupted by hip-swinging Gina Lo-
lobrigida who wants to be a third
rtner.Mis Lollobrigida wants
security, and she is willing to 'pit
one man against the other--she
needs a job and nothing will stand
in her way. So she flirts with one,
then the other, back to the first,
gets angry with both, takes the
second one back: she has had a
Shardchildhood, and although basi-
cally an honest one-man woman,
the lure of day-to-day eating can
turn her into a tigress.
There is the inevitable kiss in
the air and there is the inevitable
finale, where the three partici-
pants, emotionally churned to sour
cream. begin their death-defying
routine.
*k * *
IF THERE IS any merit in this
production it does not belong to
to take any everyday story and
tor Carol Reed, who Knows how
the three performers, but to Direc-
keep it pitched at holiday speed.
Director Reed concentrates on the
natural excitement of high flying,
which is sometimes enough to
make "Trapeze" extremely enter-
tainIng, if hardly original,. h
As for the performers - they
have little to do. Lancaster grim-
aces through his usual role of the.
hard-as-steel hero who has real
heart beneath the metal. Miss
Lollobrigida is. as the movie stills
indicate, twenty per cent bosom,
an attribute which she heaves
more forcefully in dramatic scenes
and shimmies lightly in her less
intense moments. Curtis gives
what is probably his best per-
formance, and there is little doubt
that Director Reed worked very
hard with him in getting Curtis to
suggest more than youth.
"Trapeze" is undoubtedly just
what the Hecht-Lancaster team
intended, a way to pass a summer
evening for the audience and a
financial jackpot for the produc-
-Ernest Theodossin
AT ARCHJ A III):
.Green
Pasture'
Has Charm
4) NE VIEWS and enjoys "The
Green Pasture" with mixed
emotions, which Jesse Owens yes-
terday defined as watching your
mother-in-law drive your new
Cadillac over a cliff.
The movie is an attempt, as it
plainly admits in the beginning,
to portray the Negro's simple con-
ception of God ds a human being
with troubles of his own. As the
kindly, white-bearded God himself.
complains: "Being God ain't no
bed of roses."
The story moves from God's de-
cision to create earth and follows
his troubles with mankind through
Adam and Eve, Cain's slaying of
Able, and the deluge of His de-
cision to send a Redeemer even
after declaring he was thruogh for
good with his creation.
The beauty of the story is in
this simple conception which gets
along quite well without meta-
physical disputes, an approach ex-
tremely hard to come by in these
modern days of confusion. Al-
though, like the movie, the ap-
proach of the Negro is not new, it
has a certain freshness, at least
for an hour and a half.
What mixes up the emotions is

that things are oversimplified. It's
hard to put up with pistols in
Noah's time and battling with
everything short of the hydrogen
bomb Before Christ; or with
clothesunbecoming the time of
the story and only a five-second
interval between the time the
Pharoah's son is struck dead and
the time he is brought in on a
I stretcher.

DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the Universty
IofT Michigan for which the Michigan
Daily assunes no editorial responsi-
bility. Notices should be sent in
TYPEWRITTEN from the Room 3553
Administration Building before 2 p.m.
the day preceding publication.
FRIDAY. JUNE 29, 1956
VOL. LXVIII, NO. 4s
General Notices
Play Opportunity for Children
Ann Arbor elementary school children
i hose who have completed the second
or third grade) will be offered the op-
portunity to participate in a series of
lessons in .basic movement and play
activities this summer. Sponsored by
the department of physical education at
the University Joan Whaley of Liver-
pool, England, will be here to conduct
the classes a Barbour Gmn sium.
The course will be held from 2 to 3
p.m. Monday through Friday, July 11
through July 24.
Recreational Swimming - Women's Pool
Women only: M. W., Sat. 2:30-4:30,
M. T. W. Tb, 5:10-6:10, Friday 4:00-6:00,
M. 'T. Th. 7:15-9:15 p.m.
Co-Rec Swims: Wed. 7:15-9:15 p.m.,
Sat. 7:15-9:15 p.m., Sun. 3:00-5:00,
Faculty Family Night: Friday 6:30-
8:00 p.m., (For Faculty with chlidren
under eight years old), Friday 8:00-9:30
p.m. (For other Faculty families).
Michigan Night: Sunday 7:15-9:15 p.m
Women Students
A number of unlicensed bicycles have
been left in the racks at the Women's
Athletic Building.
Owners are asked to claim by July
5th. All bicycles left after that date will
be turned over to the police.
PARKING PERMITS
Parking permits for the fiscal year
1956-57 will be required on the cars f
all eligible staff members using U~~-
versity parking lots on July 1, 1956.
Application for permits can be made
at the Information Desk second floor
Administration Building and at the Ad.
ministration Office second floor of the
University Hospital.
Annual staff permits costing $25 may
be obtained by payment in full or for
the payment of $5 for the initial period,
summer session, and signing payroll de-
duction authorizations for the balance.
The dleductions will be made in the pay
period ending closest to September 30
and February 28.
Staff permits for thesummer session
only are also available at a cost of $5.
These permits expire September 10.
Permits for metered lots for the year
and for the summer session are also
available at no cost,
REGISTRATION OF SOCIAL EVENT:
Social events sponsored by student
organizations at which both men and
women are to be present must be ap-
proved by the Dean of Students. Appli-
cation forms and a copy of regulations
governing these events may be secured
in the Office of Student Affairs, 1920
Administration Building, Requests for
approval must be submitted to that of-
fice no later thai noon of the Monday
before the event is schedultd. A list of
approvedsocial events will be pubish-
ed in the Daily Official Bulletin on
Thursday of each week.
Exchange and Guest Dinners may be
held in organized student residences
(operating a dining room) between 5:30
p.m. - 8 p.m. for weekday dinners and
between 1 p.m. - 3 p.m., for Sunday
dinners. These events must be an-
nounced to the Office of Student Af-
fairs at least one day in advance of the
scheduled date. Guest chaperons are
not required.
Calling Hours for Women in Men's
Residences, In University Men's Resi-
dence Halls, daily between 3 p.m. --
10:30 p.m.; Nelson International Howse,
Friday, 8 p.m. - 12 p.m.; Saturday 2:30
p.m. - 5:30 p.m. and from 8 p.m. - 12
p.m.; Sunday, 1 p.m. - 10:30 p.m. This
privilege applies only to casual calls and
not to planned parties.
Women callersainsmen's residences
are restricted to the main floor of the
residence.
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
All students, graduate and under-
are notified of the following
standards of conduct;

Enrollment in the University carries
with it obligations in regard to conduct
not only inside but outside the class-
rooms and students are expected to con-
duct themselves in such a manner as to
be a credit to themselves and to the
University. TIhey are amenable to the
laws governing the community as well
as to the rules and orders of the Uni-
versitly offic~ials and they are expected
to observe the standards of conduct ap
proved by thc University.
Whenever a student, group of stu-
dents, society, fraternity or other stu-
dent orga.nizt-ion fails to observe eith-
er the general standards of conduct as
above outlined or any specific rules
which may be adopted by the. proper
University athloritiesz. Specific ruled of
conduct which must be obtained are:
Intoxicating beverages. The use or
presence of intoxicating beverages in
student quarters is not permitted.
(Committee on Student Conduct, July,
1947.)
Women Guests in Men's Residences.
The presence of women guests in men's
residences, except for exchange and
guest dinners or for social events or
during calling hours approved by the
Office of Student Affairs, is not per-

. I

INTERPRETING THE NEWS:W
Khrushchev Critics Too Pat

t1f

By J. M. ROBERTS
Y CONCENTRATING their thoughts on
whether the Communist disturbance over
the downgrading of Stalin was prearranged,
Western observers are themselves downgrading
what may be a very important factor.
Secretary Dulles to the contrary, there is
a growing stack of evidence that the criticism
and questioning of Khrushchev has been guided
and perhaps inspired by Kremlin agents. The
critics, such as Togliatti of Italy, Thorez of
France and Dennis of the United States, follow
one another too patly, sometimes word for
word.
There may be a tendency among Western
observers to place too much emphasis on the
whole business as a primarily international
manifestation,
The Stalin system had failed within Russia
in many ways, but had fastened itself tightly
on the thinking of vast numbers of people.
The new regime felt it had to be changed, and
set about changing it in a number of ways,

But there had to be an explanation, sooner or
later, of the reason for change.
T IS NOT TRUE, despite the widely held im-
pression abroad, that Khrushchev's "down-
grading" speech last February was kept secret
in Russia, although it was not published. The
heirarchy moved step by careful step.
Finally, an incomplete transcript was allowed
to reach the hands of the foreign power most
likely to publish it,
Foreign party leaders began, by their criti-
cism, to support the Khrushchev group's deci-
sion for changes. At the same time they are
demanding explanations of why Stalin's asso-
ciates permitted the excesses of the old regime.
Western observers jump to the conclusion
that international communism has been weak-
ened, adding to the soporific effect of the smile
offensive,
Western Communist parties escape, or try
to escape, the onus of strict allegiance to the
Kremlin.
One thing to remember in trying to assess
all these developments is there are many ang-
les, enough to fill a book. There is no room
in a column, or time at a news conference, even
if there were sufficient knowledge available to
do so, and there is not..

25 YEARS AGO:
Campus Problems Don't Change

By ROBBIE SCHULTZ
Daily Staff Writer
'AMPUS problems dont change
hoverthe years - as a
look at The Daily 25 years ago,
in 1931, proves.
Sept. 22, 1931-School opened
and the lead story claimed enroll-
ment would exceed that of the
preceding fall-it was an alarming
1400.
Walter B. Rea, then assistant
dean of students, clarified the
driving ban. Exemptions, in 1931,
were "a) Those who are 28 years of
age or older, b) Those who are
receiving credit for not more than
five hours work and c) Those
who hold University positions
which entitle them to the faculty
rating of teaching assistant."
Rules would be strictly enforced
and violators punished.
UNIVERSITY Oratorical Asso-
ciation presented among other lec-
ture attractions Winston Spencer
Churchill, "the famous British
statesman" and Bertrand Russell,

all is that college students in
America, under the present system
of mass education, are not attain-
ing the desired results, namely: a
better fitness for life and a certain
degree of culture.
"Some have laid the blame on
the institutions themselves while
others have tried to impress the
fact that students today do not
try to attain a better fitness for
life or culture." And there were
only 1400 students here to prompt
the charge of mass education.
DEFERRED rushing was an issue
back in 1931. There was a pos-
sibility it might be postponed for
a year, owing to the poor financial
condition of some houses. Prop-
erty rights were mentioned and
committees set up to review the
situation.
Fraternities, outraged at prices,
had set up a committee to look
into cooperative buying. The com-
mittee was charged with looking
into discounts offered by produc-
ers for bulk buying.

three reasons: "to get into Uni-
versity golf course, even if the
winter is no time to play golf; to
get into speakeasies into which
students can get anyway; and to
get into football games for which
they have to buy tickets regard-
less."
Student-Ann Arbor merchant
antagonism is not novel to the
present decade.
* s
MIMES WERE to present the
25th Union Opera after a year
of omission, due to an attempt
at presenting an all-campus re-
view.
(Mimes is making the attempt
again next year.)
STUDENT Council was going to
j try 10 freshmen students for fail-
ing to wear their "beanies" and
students greeted the plea for liquor
regulation with boos.
MICHIGAN football teams were
playing double-headers. In the
first twin bill the Wolverines de-
feated Central State Teachers

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AND UNAVOIDABLE as it may
be to have a certain gentle
humor in a story of this kind, with
God creating firmament because
he was "sick and tired" of not
enough firmament to go around
and man's sinfulness being limited
by the Johnson Code, Marc Con-
nelly did not have to push it to
extremes. The flag of the "Palace
Protective Association" in the
Pharoah's residence was too remi-
niscent of a Bugs Bunny cartoon.
Much of the movie seems to suf-


EditorialNStaff New Books at ihe Library

LEE MARKS, Managing Editor
Night Editors
Dick Halloran, Donna Hanson, Arlene Liss,

Myers, Henry-The Signorina; NY. Crown
Pub., 1956.
Okumiya, Masatake and .IHorikoshi-Jiro-