SUPREME COURT
POWER
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VOL. LXVIII No. 4S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JUNE 29, 1956

FOUR PAGES

Poor Conditions
Cause Polsh Riot
Undisclosed Number Of Workers
Perish In 'Well-Organized Revolt'
BERLIN (M)-Workers in the Red Poland's big industrial city of
Ponan stormed government buildings and Communist headquarters
yesterday in riots against living conditions.
A number were killed.
Warsaw radio reported yesterday the uprising had been put
down by tanks and troops.
It said an undisclosed number of Poles had died in what the
broadcast called "a well-organized revolt."
Premier Joseph Cyrankiewicz and other government party lead-

-

Senate
Textile

Kills

Farm,

A-menldmient

4

ers of Communist Poland hurried
Chou Vows
To Liberate
Formosa
HONG KONG(M)-Premier Chou
En-lai reasserted yesterday Red
China's determination to take over
Formosa and proposed direct ne-
gotiations with the Nationalist
Chinese to arrange its "peaceful"
transfer to the Communists.
He declared there were two ways
for the Communist government to
"liberate" the Nationalist strong-
hold off the Chinese main-land-
"by war or by peaceful means."
Red China, he said, seeks to "liber-
ate Taiwan Formosa by peaceful
means so far as it is possible."
"The dying gasp of the Taiwan
authorities under the United
States cannot last for long," Chou
said in a speech to the National
People's Congress in Peiping which
was broadcast by Peiping radio
The Congress in Communist Chi-
na's Parliament.
"On behalf of the government,"
the Premier said, "I formally de-
clare we are willing to negotiate
with the Taiwan authorities on
specific steps and conditions for
the peaceful liberation of Taiwan."
"Liberation" is the term Peiping
always uses for the transfer of
Formosa to its control. Generalis-
simo Chiang Kai-shek's National-
ists were certain to reject Chou's
proposal, as they have all previous
suggestions they give up the big
Island.
In his speech, Chou said Chiang
could name the time and place
for the talks. While firm in his
calls for "liberation," he Pre-
mier did not sound as belligerant
as he has in the past in express-
ing his government's determina-
tion to take over Formosa.
The Premier asserted that the
U.S. forces backing Chiang "are
by -no means dependable forces."
In an unmistakable warning to
the United States, Chou declared
Red China had full confidence and
"sufficient strength to defeat arm-
ed intervention from any quar-
ter." He prefaced that statement
with the declaration that no good
would come "should the United
States precipitate yet another inci-
dent in the Far East." The refer-
ence apparently was to the Ko-
rean War, which the Reds main-
tain was started by the United
States.
AF Broaches
SFlash Figure
In Fund Plea
WASHINGTON (A)-The Air
Force may ask $23,600,000,000 for;
the fiscal year beginning July 1,.
1957, or $7,100,000,000 more than
the administration recommended
for it in the fiscal year beginning
next Sunday.
Secretary of the Air Force Don-
ald Quarles broached the figureI
for fiscal 1957-58 at a meeting1
yesterday of the Senate subcom-
mittee studying relative U.S.-
Russia air power. Several Demo-s
crats on the committee have said
the administration has not been
asking enough money for the Air
Force.
Quarles said the $23,600,000,000
sum was not a firm figure, butI
was rather a "flash estimate" by
Gen. Nathan Twining, Air Force"
chief of staff.t

Meanwhile, Senate-House con-
ferees agreed on a compromise
$34,656,727,000 defense appropria-f
tions bill carrying almost an extraE
billion for the Air Force.1

to the city, site of an international
trade fair, Radio Warsaw said.
It was Poland's biggest mass
defiance of the Communist regime
since Stalin died.
Began as Strike
It began as a general strike in
the factories. Most shops were
closed. Streets were barricaded,
traffic was paralyzed, and street
cars and autos were overturned.
A jail was set afire.
The broadcast charged that "en-
emies of the Polish People's Re-
public" had deliberately chosen
the trade fair-attended from both
sides of the Iron Curtain-"to ex-
ploit the economic difficulties and
grievances in certain work estab-
lishments."
It called the rioters "a street
mob incited by the imperialists
and the reactionary underground
movement."
The Warsaw government said
"the full severity of the Polish law
will be brought to bear on the
guilty ones."
Anti-Red Demonstration
It was the biggest anti-Commu-
nist demonstration in the Soviet
world since the East German up-
rising of June 17, 1953, when 200,-
000 workers revolted. A Soviet tank
division put down that uprising.
The Pozman trade fair this year
began on the third anniversary of
the East German revolt.
There were no indications that
the uprising had spread to other
Polish cities. Row many died in
the Poznan riot was not an-
nounced.
A West Berlin businessman back
from the fair said Western visitors
had stirred resentment with their
good clothes and shiny cars, dem-
onstrating a better life in the West.
As an example of how prices
have soared in Poland, the Ger-
man said a worker there had to
pay a full month's wage' for a
pair of shoes.
This informant said the workers
deliberately chose to stage their
uprising at fair time in the hope
Western visitors would carry re-
ports of the strike to the Western
World.
Delays Reply
To Brown's
Tax Request
It will be at least a week or 10
days before the University re-
plies to Mayor William E. Brown's
request for funds, if they do reply,
Vice-President Wilbur K. Pierpont
indicated yesterday.
The Mayor has said he believes
the University should reimburse
the city for the $95,000 tax loss in-'
curred as a result of the sale of
Hoover Ball and Bearing Co.
Vice-President Pierpont said the
Mayor's letter did not necessarily
require a reply since it was a state-
ment of belief rather than an
actual request.
In addition to asking the Uni-,
versity to reimburse the city,
Mayor Brown claims the Univer-
sity should have consulted with
city officials before making theI
purchase. He asked Vice-President
Pierpont in a letter written June]
20 and made public yesterday, ifc
he was aware of the tax loss.
"The University was not un-
aware of the tax loss to the city,"
the Vice-President told The Daily.
Sledd Reports
on Linguisticsl
James H. Sledd, professor of I
English at the University of Chi-
cago presented "A Report on the
Texas Phonemics Conference" yes-
terday before the members of the
Linguistic Forum. t

In his report, Sledd recapitulated
four papers which were presented
at the conference which was held
last April at the University of

-Daily-Harding Williams
'NOT COLOR, JUST ABILITY'-Jesse Owens, holder of world
track records, now a leader in the Illinois Youth Commission,
tells how Negroes have "made a niche" in this country, asks for
more racial problem discussion.
Jesse Ow1Vens Lectures
OnNegroes i tltc
By ADELAIDE WILEY
Today, fans at a sports event cheer Negro players because of
ability on a field of competition, Jesse Owens said yesterday in the
second lecture of University summer session program, "Patterns of
American Culture: Contributions of the Negro."j
Owens, who in 1936 broke four track records at Berlin, is now
with the Illinois Youth Commission in Chicago.
In his speech, Owens commented there is too much tendency in
America to "avoid discussions of things like segregation, however."
,,and Americans are losing -part of
what our democracy was built on
-freedom of speech. ,
Names Sports Figure
Giving the name of Fritz Pol-
lard, a Brown University football
player in the early 1900's, Owens,
CHICAGO UP)--Amateur astron- said that Pollard was one of the
omer Selby Maxwell can fulfill his first Negroes to break into sports.
dream of looking at the planet "They didn't consider his color,
Mars from "close up"-if he builds just his ability," Owens remarked.
his planetarium to look like a store. He listed several Negroes who
That is the gist of a ruling yes- h eedosangroeswh
terday by Superior Judge Abraham have been outstanding in track,
L. Marovitz, and Maxwell said he baseball, football and basketball,
would build such a structure. climaxing with the name of world
"Close up" in this case is some champion boxer Joe . Louis, "sym-
35 million miles-Mars' closest bol of great things Negro citizens
point to the Earth in 30 years. have done in this country."
Maxwell, 62, of suburban North- About 40 people approached
lake, has been looking forward to Owens after his speech for auto-
the date for several years. But it graphs, an event interrupted only
seemed for a time he wouldn't be when University President Harlan
able to go through with his. plans Hatcher came to "say hello" to
to build a planetarium and 16-HOwe"
inch telescope through which to Owens.
watch Mars. Owens said he was on his way to
The Midland Development Co., Kalamazoo and "some golf" when
developers of Northlake. complain- he left Ann Arbor.
ed the planetarium would look 'A Lot of Work'
like a "Liliputian silo" smack in "When I get back to Chicago, we
the suburb's business district, and have a lot of work to do-have a
would hinder further development. Juio spot Jamor oming up
The company sought an injunc-JniorSosamborecomingu
tion to block Maxwell's plans. with track, swimming and so on
Yesterday Maxwell said he would for 3,000 kids." Owens remarked.
make the planetarium look like a Explaining the setup at Illi-
store and Judge Marovitz author- nois Youth Commission, Owens
ized him to go ahead and put up said there are two groups work-
his telescope-if he will erect the ing: corrective and preventive.
store front with all possible speed. See OWENS, Page 3

'Nuelear War
Would Kill
Man yMillion
Radioactivity Would
Cause Deaths: Army
WASHINGTON (P)-The Army
calculates that "several hundred
million" deaths would result from
radioactivity if the United States
r ever launched a full-scale nuclear
assault on the Commumst world.
Lt. Gen. James M. Gavin, chief
of Army Research and Develop-
ment, gave the estimate to the
Senate subcommittee investigating
air power.
This and other testimony was'
released yesterday by the commit-
tee for publication.
Senator James Duff (R-Pa)
asked Gavin: ,
"If we got into a nuclear war
and waged an assault in force
against Russia with nuclear weap-
ons so that the weapons exploded
in a way where the prevailing
winds would carry them southeast
over Russia, what would be the
effect in way of death?"
Gavin replied:
"Current planning estimates
run on the order of several hun-
dred million deaths that would be
either way. depending on which
way the wind blew.
"If the wind blew to the south-
east they would betmostly in the
U.S.S.R., although they would ex-
tend into the Japanese and per-
haps down into the Philippine
area.
"If the wind blew the other way
they would extend well back into
Western Europe."
The transcript of rtestimony
did not show how the estimate of
several hundred million deaths
was arrived at. Reference books
estimate the population of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Repub-
lics, which includes both Euro-
pean and Asiatic Russia, at about
193 million. Red China may have
a total of about 600 million.
*Official
Tras h
WASHINGTON (P)-An Army
secretary stood it as long as
she could.
Finally this week curiosity
got the better of her and she
decided to see what was in three
large paper bags which were
neatly tied and stuffed together
on the top shelf of a storage
closet.
Each bag was expertly hand
lettered "Trash." Above and be-
low the word was the rubber
stamp: "For official use only."

Steel Agreement
Not Reached Yet
NEW YORK (R)-Steel wage negotiators failed again yesterday
to reach a contract agreement that would avert a 65,000-man strike
tomorrow.I
"We are no closer to an agreement than we were May 28," said
David J. McDonald, president of the United Steelworkers Union. That
was the 'date contract talks began in Pittsburgh before being trans-
ferred here three weeks ago.
McDonald, talking with newsmen afte a three-hour bargaining
session with company executivies, was asked to describe the outlook
in a word.
"I am never pessimistic," he said, "but believe me I am realistic."
Bank Fires
As McDonald spoke, just 54 hours before the strike deadline, the
nation's steel mills already were-

Move Called
Ike Foreign
Aid Victory
Senate Begins, Vote
On Authorizing 4'
Billion Dollar Bill
WASHINGTON ('P) - Th
Eisenhower administration dre
first blood in the foreign aid figs
yesterday when the Senate defea
ed 45-43 an amendment to curti
Imports of farm products and tex
tiles.
It was the first test of strengi
as the Senate began voting on
bill which would authorize a 4
billion dollar foreign aid progra
for the fiscal year beginning Su
day.

banking their fires.
The banking will cost an esti-
mated 65 million dollars in lost
production even if a last-minute
contract agreement is reached.
Shortly before yesterday's con-
tract talks broke up, Secretary of
Labor James P. Mitchell ruled out
any hope the government might
step into the picture.
McDonald ,blamed the compa-
nies for the stalemate and said
they had shown no inclination to
yield.
Up To Companies
"The next move is up to the
companies," he added.
McDonald said the union had no
plans to call federal mediators in-
to the negotiations.
"No change, no change," said
John A. Stephens, U.S. Steel vice-
president and chief industry nego-
tiator, when asked about pros-
pects of a settlement.
Other industry negotiators indi-
cated the companies had no new
proposals to place before the meet-
ing.
Cities Battl
For Lab Site
ST. LOUIS (P-A U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture committee
was swamped with more broch-
u~es, road maps, resolutions and
talk yesterday in the battle of 68
cities for a proposed 18-million-
dollar animal disease research
laboratory.
Through it all, Chairman Don
Collins kept the delegations rolling,
through the committee room by3
holding each to 30 minutes to ex-
toll the advantages of their par-
ticular communities as a possible
site.
Nearly half of the delegations
already have appeared before the
committee. Most of them are rep-
resentatives of land grant colleges
and of chambers of commerce. A
delegation from Purdue University
was among those appearing yes-
terday.

Sege'yWilson(
} y
To Testify
On Defense
WASHINGTON (A)-President
Dwight D. Eisenhower told Secre-
tary of Defense Charles E. Wilson
in a bedside conference yesterday
to "lay it on the line" by giving
Congress today a full picture of
the nation's defenses.
White House Press Secretary
James Hagerty told newsmen after
the meeting at Walter Reed Army
Hospital that "lay it on the line"
was the President's phrase.
Wilson is to testify before a Sen-
ate Armed Services subcommittee
which is investigating the relative
air power of the United States and
Russia.
Hagerty said President Eisen-
hower, in a half-hour conference
alone with Wilson, approved an
oral summary by Wilson of the
testimony he planned to give.
In reply to questions, Hagerty
said the whole conference "would
indicate to me that the President
of the United States has complete
confidence in the Secretary of De-
fense."
He said he was certain there
was no discussion "at all" of any
possibility of Wilson's resignation.
And he said "I think I can say"
there was also no discussion of the
episode in which Wilson was quot-
ed as describing congvessional ef-
forts to increase the defense bud-
get as "phony." Wilson has said
his meaning was misinterperted.
World News
Roundup
By The Associated Press
LONDON--Moscow radio reports

Curtailment Detrimental
Just before the roll call, Senator
William Knowland of California
the Senate's Republican leader
advised his colleagues that the ad-
ministration believed the import
curtailment would be "highly de-
trimental to our foreign policy."
The amendment was offered by
a bloc of senators from grain and
textile states. It would have limit-
ed the importation of textiles such
as cotton goods and all farmspro-
ducts which are now in surplus
supply in this country.
These imports, in future years,
would have been held to the aver-
age of the preceding three years.
Leading the opposition to the
proposal, Sen. Know'land argued
it would have a severe impact on
Japan and night shove that coun-
try closer to the communist orbit.
He said both Vie Senate£~4
committee and the tariff co
sion are working on proposals to
help the American textile Industry.
Amendment Defeated
Senator Olin Johnston (D-.C)
next called up an amendment de-
signed to bar any increae In tex-
tile imports pending action by th.
tariff commission and the Presi-
dent t protect domestic industry,
but the Senate defeated this, too,
52-36.
Earlier, Senator Allen J. Ellen-
der (D-La.) called for cuts In the
President's foreign aid program,
telling the Senate "the countries of
western Europe are better off than
they ever have been."
The reasure would provide
about 400 million dollars less than
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
wants for mutual security projects
during the fiscal year beginning
Sunday. Individual senators were
planning attempts to cut t even
further.
Sen. Ellender said the United
States had given or loaned about
55 billion dollars to friendly na-
tions since the end of World War
IIL
Senate Rejects
New Aid Plan
To Yugoslavia
WASHINGTON (P)-The Senate
rejected 50-38 yesterday an ef-
fort to ban further aid to Com-
munist Yugoslavia.
It was a major victory for the
Eisenhower administration in its
battle over a 4-billion-dollar
foreign aid program.
The vote came after a hot de-
bate over an amendment offered
by Senator Styles Bridges 'of New
Hampshire, chairman of the Sen-
ate GOP Policy Committee, to shut
off economic and military aid to
Yugoslavia after 90 days following
enactment of the legislation.
The administration asked that
further aid to Yugoslavia be left
to President Dwight D. Eisenhow.
er's discretion in the light of Mar-
shal Tito's recent rapproachment
with Soviet leaders, and a pro-
vision of this nature was written
into the bill by the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee.
Party lines were crosses on the
vote on Sen. Bridges' amendment

SQUIRRELS ON THE GRASS, ALAS:
Ann Arbor Squirrel Population 'Exceedingly Gay'
By DAVID KESSEL I.x

With the coming of summer, tremendous numbers of squirrels
may be detected roaming the streets and sidewalks in search of food
and adventure.
These happy animals, called Sciurus carolinensis by naturalists,
lexicographers, and descendents of the early Romans, have become
quite tame during the years.
Many of them see- to spend the major portion of their time'
soliciting hand-outs from passers-by: much in the manner of political
aspirants at party headquarters. However, the motives of the squirrel
usually meet with public approval, except for a few misers, perhaps.
Actually, the squirrel situation has developed into something of
a problem, it would appear.
Squirrels Jostle Faculty
Professor Edwin McClumb, visiting lecturer in Philosophy in
1934 said, to a naive Daily reporter: "The squirrels dash madly
about, often jostling less robust members of the faculty, like myself,:
into the streets." No recent reports of similar faculty intimidation by
squirrels has been reported; this has been left to more effective
agencies.
Several dormitories are particularly well stocked with squirrels.
The accompanying photograph is of a Helen Newberry squirrel who
has, strangely enough, developed an attachment for the place and!
may be required to keep hours, although this is unlikely.
Squirrel Recipe Recommended
Squirrel trapping is somewhat unethical within city limits, but

Russia is sending more planes to
its Antarctic expedition.
They are intended for wider air
reconnaissance to help push an
overland expedition 1,000 miles
into the southern cold continent,
it says.
* * *
MONTE CARLO,Monaco -
Prince Rainer III and Princess
Grace plan to visit the United
States this fall, sailing from Eu-
rope about Oct. 1, a palace source
said yesterday.
* * *
WASHINGTON-The American
Embassy in Moscow is reported in-
vestigating the flight into Russia
of William P. Lear, wealthy Am-
erican plane equipment maker, in
his small plane.
State Department officials made
clear yesterday they were greatly
surprised by Lear's flying visit in
his five-passenger Cessna 310.
They said such a plane had been
approved for export but with the
understanding it was to be used in
Switzerland by an official of Lear's
company.
* * s
NICOSIA, Cyprus-An attempt
was made yesterday on the life of
another American civilian working
in Cyprus.

-}?,