FOUR

THt MICHIGAN DAILY

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LIONKEY TRADE INCREASES:
Vaccine Causes Rise in Rhesus Business

By The Associated Press
There's a great deal of monkey
business tied up with the Salk po-
lid vaccine.
It has no connection with the
frustration and uncertainty which
beset the program shortly after
Dr. -Jonas Salk's vaccine first was
declared the answer to the polio
scourge on April 12.
This monkey business is the real
thing-an indispensable commerce
in the chattering tree-climbing
denizens of the Jungles of India
and the Philippines. It's indispen-
sable because science so far has no,
other practical source for the tis-
sues on which polio virus is grown
-the first step in making the vac-

cine.
100,000 Monkeys
Estimates are that something
like 100,000 monkeys will be
brought to the United States this
year to keep the polio program
rolling. A big share of them will
be imported by the National Foun-
dation for Infantile Paralysis,
whose monkey center at Okatie
Farms near Pritchardville, S.C.,
handled 4,000 simians last year.
The farm now is receiving more
than 1,000 monkeys a week.
As the upper section of the ac-
companying map shows, monkeys
arrive at Okatie Farm from the op-
posite side of the world. Rhesus
monkeys-whose kidneys are re-
quired for laboratory growth of
polio virus-are captured with
large nets by trappers in northern
India. They are flown first to Lon-
don and there transferred to
planes which bring them to Idle-
wild Field in New York City. They
then are trucked to Okatie Farm.
The trip normally takes six days.
Philippines Monkey
Another type of monkey, the Cy-
nomoglus, is caught on Cebu Is-
land in the Philippines. The "Cy-
no's" reaction to polio virus most
closely resembles the human reac-
tion. For this reason, he is neces-
sary for the safety tests given ad-
ditional importance under the new
specifications for manufacture of

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"U' Unistrut
Featured
In'Forum'
The most important novelty to
architects in the University Uni-
strut project is its demountable
space frame, according to an arti-
cle in the July "Forum."
This means that the building can
be taken apart and its pieces used
again, with no more wastage "than
would fill a child's cart."
Unistrut is, the magazine says,
typical of an important trend of
considering construction part of
the production line. New materials
were used 'in experiments from
ceilings to floor.
One of the unusual Unistrut fea-
tures discussed in the article is the
"throw-away" ceiling. Made of
shower curtain vinyl film, it is
luminous and costs about 3c a foot.
Colors and patterns can be freely
changed, since it would be as in-
expensive to throw it away and put
up a new ceiling as to clean it.
"Forum" calls the University's
Unistrut building an "astonishing
and exhilarating incarnation of
architectural space. The big im-
pression is the delight of space,
very handsome space, made tan-
gible."
The structure sits on one space
frame and is roofed with another.
No foundation is dug. This raises
problems of whether the mobile
construction can be mortgaged in
the same way as more "rooted"
structures.
"Forum" suggests that one of
the biggest futures for Unistrut
building may lie in school con-
struction. Many discoveries worked
out on the University project will
be utilized in the building of a
school in Wayne, Michigan, next
month.
In 1900 nearly two-thirds of
U.S. men over 65 were working or
hunting jobs, but in 1950 less than
half were doing so, says the Twen-
tieth Century Fund.

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rFark With Ease in Rear

I

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I.

Visual Aids
Lo Be Used
F'or Music

vaccine. The "Cyno" arrives at
Aalanta after a direct flight from
the Pacific. Only three days separ-
ate his last hours of jungle free-
dom and his arrival at Okatie.
The Polio Foundation's Okatie
Farm amounts to a monkey "boot
camp." All arrivals are promptly
given medical inspections and in-
jections to help prevent common
ailments like dysentry and pneu-
monia. In long avenues of cabana-
like cages, they are permitted to
settle down and get established in
a healthful routine. They then are
classified as to type, weight, sex
and health.
Unlike the "Cynos," who are
comparatively scarce, Rhesus mon-
keys occur in great numbers in the
northern part of India. Since this
concentration makes them easy to
catch, ald because of various fac-
tors in their biological makeup,
they are in great demand by labor-
atories all over the world. In addi-
tion to their current contribution
to the polio campaign, they play
an important part in studies of the
blood. The term "RH factor" is a

contraction of "Rhesus factor."
They also were used in develop-
ment of a yellow fever vaccine,
and in studies of silicosis, tubercu-
losis and various aspects of psy-
chology.
Rhesus Monkeys
Rhesus, monkeys have bright in-,
quisitive eyes and a bobbed tail.
They grow to a weight of about 20
pounds and a height usually be-
tween 2Y2 and 3 feet. Young mon-
keys, weighing under 10 pounds,
are preferred for polio work.
The permission of the Indian
government is necessary for im-
porting them from India. An em-
bargo on the monkey trade was
clamped down for a time in March
by- the Indians after 400 animals
accidentally suffocated in London
while awaiting shipment to New
York.
The embargo-which threaten-
ed to stymie vaccine production-
wa slifter after a U.S. delegation
made a special plea. Although
Rhesus monkeys can be found
elsewhere, the best source of sup-
ply is India and severe difficulty

would result if the Indians de-
cided to reimpose their embargo.
Indian mythology depicts the
monkey as a half-human creature
and there is a widespread belief in
that country, that all animals
should be allowed to live out their
natural life span.
Although the Indian govern-
ment recognizes the wisdom of sac-
rificing animal life to save human
life, it insists the treatment the
monkeys receive while in capti-
vity causes them a minimum of
hardship.
The U.S. government is sched-
uled to submit a report on the
handling of the monkeys to the
Indian government at the end of
this month. One of the facts it is
sure to mention is that the mon-
keys are inspected by humane so-
ciety members of countries con-
cerned at each transshipment
point. It is hoped that the assur-
ances of gentle treatment con-
tained In the report will bring the
continued cooperation of India.
Monkeys remain at Oakatie for
approximately three weeks before

shipment to one of the 29 labora-
tories performing research spon-
sored by the Polio Foundation or
one of the six firms engaged in
commercial production of the Salk
vaccine.

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A

Within the next five years tele-
vision and sound films will bring
about radical changes in the music
classroom of Michigan's small
communities, Dean Earl V. Moore
of the music school predicted in a
lecture ;yesterday.
He spoke on "Music in the Next
Decade" at the luncheon meeting
of the Summer Conference on Mu-
sic Education in the Michigan
League.
Supplementary help made pos-
sible by TV and films, is absolutely
essential, the Dean explained, in
the light of the tremendous in-
creases in enrollment anticipated
at both the elementary and secon-
dary level in the next ten years.
He stated that both in secondary'
schools and colleges we must plan
for between 75 and 100 per cent
increase in enrollments.
Small Communities
Asserting that small communi-
ties are desirous of giving their
students the same opportunities
supplied by large cities where there
are fine teachers available, Dean
Moore remarked that this high-
quality help has not been possible
in the past few years because small
communities simply can't afford
specialized teachers.
To ease the situation, he ex-
plained, the University is engaged
in developing teaching aids for
small communities. Of special im-
portance are experiments being
carried on to develop aids in the
teaching of wind and string instru-
ments.
"The band and orchestra con-
ductor is probably the best musi-
cian in the small community but
he does not have the time to help
each individual student. However,
by means of the newly developed
sound films and proper teaching
techniques he will be able to pro-
vide studens of viola, chello and
French horn with the kind of vis-
ual instruction and aural criticisms
they would get if there were a
teacher sitting in the classroom,"
Dean Moore said.
EVENTS TODA
"What is Speech" is the title of
a talk to be given by Prof, Andrew
T. Weaver of the University of
Wisconsin speech department to-
day.
The Speech Assembly will take
place at 4 p.m. in Rackham Ampi-
theater.
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