PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY FR IL A Y. JULY'' 16, 1954 PAGE TWO TIlE MICHIGAN DAILY FRIDAY, JULY 16, 1954 The Conduct of the Cold War: Democrats vs. Republicans "Sometimes We Almost Feel Like Giving The Kids a Break" EMERGING FROM VOCAL STAGE: McCarthy Oppositon Appears More Defined DURING THE 1952 election campaign, Adlai Ste- venson remarked, "I have always agreed with Winston Churchill that if the present tries to sit in judgment on the past it will lose the future. The important thing is to draw the right lessons from the past and to get on with the job." Regretably, the task of drawing the right lessons from the course of world events during the last 10 years has been considerably hampered by a cam- paign myth generated by the Republican Party. According to this view, the Democrats are some- how responsible for, have condoned or permitted, or were "blind to" or "bungled," the growth of Communist imperialism. A recent editorial in this space, for example, ac- cused the Truman and Roosevelt Administrations of "jellyfish appeasement and mismanagement of Communism." Under this barrage, some Americans have begun to forget some rather important facts of recent history. Just after World War II, many Americans be- lieved that the Soviet Union was not hostile to us and did not constitute a threat. They were not all Democrats, by any means. In November, 1945, General Eisenhower told the House Military Af- fairs Committee: "Nothing guides Russian policy so much as a desire for friendship with the Unit- ed States." In 1945, General Eisenhower also sent a friendly message to the Council for American-Soviet Friend- ship, which is now on the Attorney General's list of'subversive organizations. (By McCarthy's stand- ards, the President is no doubt a "security risk," a "Communist dupe," or worse!) In 1946, when England was veering towards bank- ruptcy, she was greatly aided by an American loan. Despite some recent disagreements with the Bri- tish, how would the defense of freedom fare today without a vigorous England as our ally? Wouldn't the Russians have been happy to "detach" England from us, or to see her rendered impotent by eco- nomic weakness? The chief opposition to that loan came from Republicans, its chief advocacy from Truman and the Democrats. In 1947, Secretary of State Marshall-that same Marshall who was called a "front for traitors" and a "living lie" by Republican Senators Jenner and McCarthy, and whom Candidate Eisenhower desist- ed from defending against these slanders when told it might lose him votes-developed the plan that prevented Communism from sweeping to the At- lantic or dominating all Europe. The Marshall Plan may well have saved us from the tragedy of a stand from this continent against a Communist Eurasia-which Herbert Hoover and Senator Taft saw as an attractive mode of defense, just a few years ago. IN 1947 the Truman Doctrine initiated the "con- tainment policy" against Russian aggression. American aid to Greece and Turkey that year con- tained Communist expansion in that vulnerable area, and threw it back. Republican orators don't mention the Truman Doctrine today-perhaps be- cause too many people might get the impression that the Democratic Party has the interests of America at heart. In 1948, Truman proposed the Point Four plan- an attack, using our vast national wealth and skill, on some basic evils that render so many re-, gions ripe for Communism: poverty, disease, un- derdevelopment. This was long-range planning for victory in the Cold War, and humanitarianism of high merit. But Republican Congressmen never voted Point Four enough money to function ef- fectively, and under Eisenhower it has languished even further. A typical Republican "economy" move. According to many Republicans, China went Communist because of plots in the State De- partment and the traitorous behavior of Gen- eral Marshall. The Democrats "gave China away to the Reds," they insist. But American generals have testified before Congressional committees that Chiang did not lose because of lack of American supplies. What did happen? Michigan's Senator Vandenburg-a Republican with a dif- ference-said in December, 1948: "The vital importance of saving China cannot be exaggerated. But there are limits to our re- sources and boundaries to our miracles .. . I am forced to say that the Nationalist Government has failed to reform itself in a fashion calculated to deserve continued popular confidence over there or over here . . "If we make ourselves responsible for the army of the Nationalist Government, we could be in the China war for keeps and the responsibility would be ours instead of hers. I am very sure that this would jeopardize our own national security beyond any possibility of justification.", In 1949, Secretary of State Acheson-slandered by some Republicans as a "traitor" and "appeaser" -negotiated the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- tion, which at the moment is the sole military bar- rier against a Communist invasion of Europe. Sen- ator Taft, the leader of halfthe Republican Party at the time, opposed the treaty. * * * * THE REPUBLICANS have made much of Korea, Here is a typical example, from a recent edi- torial on this page: "In January of 1950, Secretary of State Dean Acheson publicly drew the line of containment in Asia against Communist expansion. He omitted Korea from this line and six months later the war started." The line that Acheson drew was suggested by American military authorities as feasible and de- fensible. On two occasions in 1949, Gen. Mac- Arthur outlined our Pacific defense line in terms equivalent to those of Acheson. Further, it was while Gen. Eisenhower was Chief of Staff of the Army that the combined Chiefs of Staff, affirming that South Korea was of little strategic interest to us, recommended the withdrawal of American soldiers from the area. There is no record that Eisenhower dissent- ed on that occasion. What the Republicans never tell you about that famous Acheson speech is that he went on to say that if any country outside the American defense perimeter were attacked, "the initial reliance must be on the people attacked to resist it and then up- on the commitments of the entire civilized world, under the Charter of the United Nations." And that is exactly what happened in Korea. "The true significance of the Secretary's remark," Adlai Stevenson said in 1952, "is that the military situation made it necessary for him to do what he could diplomatically to give some assurance of our interest in the security of the Republic of Korea." But in the matter of Korea, the Republican's logic defeats itself: two months before the Com- munist invasion, Congress drastically reduced an appropriation for military and economic aid to South Korea. The Republicans were "economizing" again. The Republicans have profited from the fact that the Korean War did not end in complete victory. A recent editorial on this page described Korea as "a war which General Van Fleet said could have been won but wasn't because of political handcuffs placed on the military from Washington . . But had those "political handcuffs"-a nasty phrase for the control of the Army by a civilian president-been removed, we might well have pre- cipitated World War III. Korea was a limited war for a limited purpose, fought on difficult terrain far from our sources of supply, against a numerous and determined enemy. The Republicans came close to demago- guery in calling for a complete triumph while failing to acknowledge that atom-bombing Chi- nese cities-as many of them proposed-might well have brought down atom bombs on Ameri- can cities. Korea was ugly and tragic enough as it was- but it was fought to prevent World War III, not to start it. *.* * * LATELY THERE have been cries that Democratic foreign policy has been the cause of the la- mentable situation in Indochina. But the agony of Indochina is ascribable directly to the rigidly un- thinking colonialism of France. Franklin Roose- velt understood the Indochinese situation ten years ago. In January, 1944, he memoed to Secretary of State Hull that he had "for over a year expressed the opinion,that Indochina should not go back to France, but should be administered by an inter- national trusteeship." "France has had the country-30 million in- habitants-for nearly 100 years," Roosevelt wrote, "and the people are worse off than they were at the beginning . . . The case of Indochina is per- fectly clear. France has milked it for 100 years. The people are entitled to something better than that." Can the Republican Party match this example of prophetic insight into the nature of the Commun- ist potential? They cannot. The picture that emerges from a good look at the last 10 years is quite different from that sup- plied by Republican orators. Their party, with a few distinguished exceptions like Senator Vanden- berg, has been incredibly slow to recognize and res- pond to the nature of the global crisis that now confronts us. At almost every point, when innovation and bold- ness based on insight into the course of events were required, they have displayed appalling inability to meet the test. Granted all his shortcomings it was President Truman leading the Democratic Party who first perceived and reacted effectively to the realities of the Cold War. No amount of Monday morning quar- terbacking and twisted retrospective logic can alter that fact of history. -Allan Silver I( tiC QLp 4ti a 0 $ L r7, i ! 71 t . CYL ft - 7 RA7E --'''s V vs, veer Nor-TOO. Huey HEALTH, ANA wEtFp EDU('Ai7pA -a ^ lkXD- -r %S4 K ,m . 90c K. . pl- \K 17, \U.4 ' ' " ss^^ fit::; . ,. ' / 1 t' _ r SClfD t' fEDs i i . i THE JUNIOR SENATOR from Wisconsin has returned to Wash- ington, the scene of hi past glories, only to find a changed atmosphere -some people, influential ones at that, are trying to get rid of him. Opposition to Joe is threatening to emerge from the vocal stage. Perhaps this may sound overly optimistic, but actions from two separate quarters are aimed, and may succeed in, putting down Mc- Carthy. The most publicized pro- posal is that of Sen. Flanders of Vermont, who is attempting to get the Senate to strip McCarthy of his chairmanships because of his shady financial manipulations. Al- though the GOP and Democratic Senatorial brass, led by Senators Knowland and Johnson, are much opposed to this, Flanders with the aid of both GOP and Democratic mavericks, stand a chance to make the vote close. Senator Flander's courageous move hardly stands a chance of going through, however, not because of the falsity of the charges (which have been reprint- ed and repeated countless times in newspapers, with hardly, the threat of a law-suit), but Senatorial courtesy. You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. An action started by the Dem- ocrats on McCarthys subcom- mittee, however, may succeed, where Flander's motion fails. Thisraction aims for less: mere ly to get rid of some of Mc- Carthy's hatchetmen from the subcommittee payroll. This would presumably be combined with changedbstandards of proced- ure, now being studied by an- other Senate subcommittee.Chanc es of success appear good,since Sen. Potter has joined the sub- committtee's Democrats in ad- vocating the change. Whether or not the success of any of these ventures will finally rid the country of the McCarthy menace is uncertain. Joe made plenty of headlines before he got a committee chairmanship, and ap- pears to be intent on continuing his demogoguery in order to draw attention away from the recent Army, McCarthy hearings, and fur- ther charges of financial dishon- esty. Witness his Central Intelli- gence Agency charges, and de- claration to continue ferreting out Reds wherever they may be-and presumably regardless of whether they are Communists. It is unfortunate that President Eisenhower has not seen his way clear to condemning-specifically -the tacts and the person of Joe McCarthy. If the President did un- equivocally turn his back on the Senator, it would, have the effect of giving the Republicans a choice between the two. There are few practical politicos who would side with the Wisconsin windbag. But, to date, Ike has been content to anonymously condemn those who don't practice "fair-play," so that McCarthy' partisans still are able to claim lack of opposition from the President, who they treat as an inane old man, under dileteri- ous influences. In spite of the fact that no move against the Senator has as yet achieved concrete success, judging by the attitude of even conserva- tive Republican newspapers, Mc- Carthyism is declining in popular- ity. He is no longer respectable, but merely a fasU talking hood- wink artist, who can be highly dangerous. The one way to get rid of him is for the President to condemn him by name and for the Senate to take away his chair- manship. Then leave him to the people of Wisconsin. -By Jerry Helman ON THE WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-OUND Interpreting The News By WILLIAM L. RYAN AP T"oreign News Analyst There is a good chance the Pre- mier of France will miss his dead- line for bringing about an "hon- orable" cease fire in Indochina. It depends mostly on the Com- munist side in the Geneva confer- ence and what Red intentions are toward Pierre Mendes - France, who pledged himself to step down from the premiership next Tues- day if he had not achieved some sort of truce. "United Action" The question before the Commu- nist side is this: If they insist on driving a hard bargain in Indo- china, will that increase the pos- sibility of war on a large scale? The United States, in pushing its "united action" program, has made it plain that Americans will not intervene alone in Indochina. America's principal ally, Britain, is at the very least reluctant. Thus it has been made plain to the Com- munists that there is not likely to be any enlargement of the war at this time. As a result of the Paris confer- ence of Mendes-France, Foreign Secretary Eden and Secretary of S t a t e Dulles, the Communists may choose to prolong the Geneva talks. Secretary Dulles says a formula for Western unity was achieved at Paris without abandonment of U n i t e d States principles. What were those principles? For one thing, both President Eisenhower and Secretary Dulles have declar- ed that the United States would not sanction Red conquest of any area. For another, the United States not long ago held that Indo- china is a "cork in the bottle" pre- venting spread of the Red menace all over Southeast Asia. On High Level Now, however, the United States has returned to the Geneva con- ference on a high level. It seems plain that if any settlement is to be achieved on Indochina, it will be at the expense of recognizing Red conquest of at least the north- ern partof Viet Nam. As recently as March 29, Secre- tary Dulles warned that if the Communists took over control of any substantial part of Indochina, "they would surely resume the same pattern of aggression against other free peoples in the area" and menace ultimately the whole is- land chain of free world defenses. Now the prospect is that either the Communists take over a sub- stantial part of Indochina or there will be no end to the war there. By The Bell Syndicate, Inc. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN y ' fI WITH WASHINGTON-Pat Sutton, the young Tennessee congressman who a few years ago sold pants in his congressional office, has suddenly turned up with a passel of money at his disposal in his race for the Senate against Estes Kefauver. The money has all the earmarks of coming from the underworld' which Kefauver fought and which' has vowed to put him out of the Senate; with some money also coining from the Texas oil lobby. One former associate of Mickey McBride, head of the racing wire which linked up the bookies of the nation and which Kefauver put out of business, is now tour- ing Tennessee as Sutton's chief radio expert. He is Robert Venn, who organized three big talkathons for Sutton, costing in the neigh- borhood of $35,000. Sutton is also traveling in a heli-! copter, which takes money to op- erate. Yet a few short years ago he was not only selling suits of clothes in his Washington office to eke out his salary, but pulled wires at the Justice Department to keep his father - in - law from being prosecuted for income - tax evasion. In the end, a runaway grand jury in Lawrenceburg, Tenn., indicted his father - in - law despite Sutton's efforts on his be- half. During the Kefauver crime probe, Mickey McBride, operator of the bookie wire, was one of the highlighted witnesses in Miami. As a result of the Kefauver probe, legislation passed Congress putting the race wire out of business. Venn, who is now touring Tennes- see trying to defeat Kefauver, was general manager of McBride's ra- dio station WMIE in Miami. ! Washington Whirl DREW PEARSON bottling up a bill which would make the Senate Small Business Committee permanent. A majority of the Senate support t h i s, but even so, Jenner has blocked the bill in committee. The White House has now de- veloped a far more efficient ma- chine than either Roosevelt or Truman for ramming hotly con- tested bills through Congress. Roosevelt, in the heyday of Jim Farley, had one of the best ma- chines. Jim used his Irish charm, mixed with the latent likelihood of postmasterships to switch votes on Capitol Hill. And he kept a card index of how congressmen voted. The Eisenhower adminis- tration does the same. Ike's boys, however, have gone further. During the farm bill de- bates they not only threatned to withhold campaign contributions from reluctant congressmen, but used an on - the - spot ex-con- gressman to switch votes right on the floor of the House. He was Ross Rizley, former member of Congress from Okla- homa, who introduced legislation favoring the big natural gas com- panies at a time when his law firm represented Cities Service, Republic Natural Gas and Pan- handle Eastern Pipeline.Last year Rizley became solicitor of the Post Office under Eisenhower and is now Assistant Secretary of Ag- riculture. As such, he sat on the House floor during the recent farm bill debate, buttonholing congressmen so brazenly that Paul Jones of Missouri protested, and Rizley fi- nally retreated to the Republican cloakroom, from which he contin- ued his lobbying. Seldom has acWhite House lob- byist been so active. It was Rizley i i I Dick Kleberg, millionaire co- who got Congressman Page Belch- owner of the world's largest er, Oklahoma Republican, to urge ranch, the King Ranch, ran true flexible price supports in the Agri- to form when he got $32,585 worth culture Committee. When Belcher of government cottonseed pellets got too many hostile letters from supposed to be used for needy Okahoma, Rizley persuaded Con- farmers stricken by the drought. gressman RoberthHarrison of Ne- Kleberg, when in Congress, re- braska to lead the flexible price quired a capitol page boy getting support battle on the House floor. $50 a week to kick back part of He also induced Congressmen Hill his salary to Kleberg, a million- of Colorado and Harvey of Indiana aire .... When this column ex- to switch votes and go along with posed the kickback, Kleberg's Tex- the administration. as constituents defeated him .... CAPITAL NEWS CAPSULES Max Kampelman, assistant to Sen. Advice on McCarthy - President Hubert Humphrey, sat on the Sen- Eisenhower has asked his close ate floor for an hour and a half friend, Senator Carlson of Kansas, to make sur, his boss voted for for advice on what to do about the Eisenhower tax bill. Humphrey Senator McCarthy. Carlson is had made a devastating speech chairman of a rules subcommittee against the bill, pointing out its that is holding hearings on curbing loopholes, then yielded to Kampel- unfair congressional investigations. man and voted for it .... Sen. After the hearings, he will draw Dick Russell of Georgia, a con- up public recommendations, but servative, couldn't stomach the will carefully avoid mentioning glaring loopholes i n t h e tax bill, McCarthy's name. However, he voted against it .... President Ei- will also send his own recommen- senhower castigated fascism on dations to the White House on Mc- the 5th of July, then posed for Carthy-- privately. daughter of the chief Fascist dic- Syngman Rhee's Road - Presi- tator, General Franco, on the 8th dent Syngman Rhee has been ob- of July y structing the rehabilitation of South Housing Headaches Korea by insisting on spending The graft - ridden Federal Hous- American aid money his own way. ing Administration has become so He wants to build a superhighway jittery that it won't deal today from Pusan to Seoul, though few with even some of the most reput- Koreans own automobiles. Ameri- able building outfits. The Interna- can advisers think it is more im- tional Development Corporation, portant to spend the money for organized by Nelson Rockefeller, food and shelter and, as a result, a member of the Eisenhower little practically nothing has been done. cabinet, has been doing a patriotic Meanwhile the Communists are in- private Point 4 job in Latin Amer- dustriously rebuilding North Korea ica, but, believe it or not, couldn't as a showcase. This makes it look get FHA cooperation for Puerto as if the Reds are doing more for Rico. It's now going ahead any- the people than we are-thanks in way with 2,000 concrete homes large part to President Rhee. near San Juan. People there are Ridgway Objects - Army Chief so eager for houses that 500 down of Staff Gen. Matt Ridgway is rais- payments have been received even ing cain inside the Pentagon over a before the units were built . - - new Army reorganization plan that Edde illemr .. esistant see.- ririz rn i ii rnmnn- r a o ALL PRES occasions challenged, g atives in Co In at least to the preset these challen proportions o sis:; that of J drew Jacksoi Stevens with 1866, and r Long with F 1935. Calhoun s the economi South; Thadc fears of a ri bellion; Long gry, the job in a major d John Cal high tariff of issue, U of state sov the nullifica ties within Thaddeus Johnson's pr reconstructio influence in sentatives to of Congressm states which nized as recd Long, m in this respe against the A to the peol whatever the tive was the executive po Of these t Stevens was lenge. It is o interest to A ment to con pened to the ernment wit vens. The co 1866 was perl in our histo election, ob enough supp two-thirds n es necessary idential veto. At thatr of power so ed by the was destroy was reduce head, his p ecutive offi was taken his control ces, in dir of the con prevent no unconstitut law. McCarthy Assails The Constitution aIDENTS HAVE on the inception of our Government, had their leadership Americans have regarded the Pres- enerally by represent- ident's chair as a potential throne ngress. for a dictator. There has been no three instances prior strong President from Washington nt McCarthy dispute, who has not been accused of be- ges have assumed the coming a tyrant. f a constitutional cri- Yet the only time in our history ohn Calhoun with An- never held a higher Federal office n in 1832, Thaddeus than that of Congressman from mAndrew Johnson in Pennsylvania. ost recently, Huey Much as McCarthy has in com- 'ranklrn Roosevelt in mon with Calhoun, Thaddeus Ste- tressed sectionalism, vens and Long, in his attack upon e advantages of the the Administration, he differs from cdvatgesouthed them in one important respect. All deus Stevens aroused three of his predecessors had a appealed to thernhre- positive program for political and lessefearfully caugh social action. lepression. It is this absence of a positive plan of action that gives McCarthy Ihoun, making the his peculiar place in the history of 1832 his point of political ambition. So far, at sed the machinery least, he has seen fit to utilize 'ereignty to threaten only one half of the ancient Latin ation of import du- formula for demagoguery. Perhaps South Carolina, he believes that if the circuses are spectacular enough, the people will Stevens, objecting to not think of bread. n, used his powerful In his attack upon the Army and the House of Repre- the State Department, the two prevent the seating areas over which the Constitution aen from the southern most specifically delegates control enJohnmonhad recog- to the executive branch, McCarthy Johnson ad- has made apparent that he is en- ost like McCarthy gaged in a major struggle with the ect, made his appeal Administration for power. kdministration directly The fact that we have a written ple themselves. But Constitution which specifies how methods, the objec- power shall be distributed does same: the seizure of not in itself guarantee respect for wer. its provisions. It is important for us to realize that attempted sub- three, only Thaddeus version of constitutional procedure successful in his chal- can be of a home-grown variety f more than historical and does not have to be imported americans at this mo- from some foreign ideology. itemplate what hap- -The Washington Post '4 I The Daiiy Official Bulletin is as official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsi- bility. Publication in it is construc- tive notice to all members of the University. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3510 Administration Building before 3 p.m. the day preceding publication. FRIDAY, JULY 16, 1954 VOL. LXIV, No. 1S Notices Students, College of Engineering: The final day for DROPPING COURS- ES WITHOUT RECORD will be Friday, July 16. A course may be dropped only with the permission of the Classifier after conference with the Instructor. The University of Michigan Blood Bank Club has arranged to have a Red Cross mobile unit at the student Health Service on August 4, 1954, to take care of staff members who wish to contri- bute a pint of blood and thus become members of the Blood Bank Club with the privilege of drawing upon the bank for themselves and their immediate families in the event blood is needed. The unit will be at the Health Service from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon and from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. Staff members who are interested should contact the Personnel Office, Room 3026, Ext. 2619. The following student sponsored so- cial activities have been approved for the following week-end: July 16, 1954 Alice Lloyd Hall July 17, 1954 Michigan Christian Fellowship Phi Delta Phi Late Permission for all women stu- dents who attended the Wednesday and Thursday performances of HAMLET, July 7 and 8, will be no later than 11:05 p.m. Superintendent Clayton of North Branch, Michigan, has teaching vacan- cies in the following fields: art, vocal music, men's physical education, kin- dergarten, and early elementary. The starting salary is $3400 for inexperience. For further information, please call the Bureau of Appointments, 3528 Admin- istration Building, telephone NO 3-1511, ext. 489. .A structure of our Gov- Lh the success of Ste- ngressional election of haps the most decisive ry. Stevens, by that tained more t h a n orters to give him the iaJority in both hous- to override the pres- moment the balance carefully construct- Founding Fathers yed. The President d to a mere figure ower to dismiss ex- cers disloyal to him away. He even lost over the armed for- ect violation of the stitution. He could bill, no matter how ional, from becoming Sixty-Fourth Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff r THE QUESTION OF THE 21-YEAR-OLD: A Side Glance at Drinking, Voting and Campaign Promises Dianne AuWerter.....Managing Becky Conrad...........Night Rona Friedman...........Night Wally Eberhard..........Night Russ AuWerter............Night Sue Garfield..........Women's Hanley Gurwin.........Sports Jack Horwitz......Assoc. Sports E. J7 Smith - A ccr ns Editor Editor Editor Editor Editor Editor Editor Editor J . ........ ssoc.EportsMitor SUMMER EMPLOYMENT CAMPAIGN PROMISES are as dependable as a shining resident of a used car lot. President Eisenhower, before he was president, once mentioned voting for 18-year-olds. Congress thinks 21 is a nicer number, despite the president's feelings on the matter. So, if it's possible, maybe they will compromise. the day before his 21st birthday and the great day itself. Can't remember who, but someone once remark- ed that maturity isn't a matter of age. Not that it's impossible that personal maturity is irrelevant. Surely 18-year-olds could elect representatives as mature and as intelligent as those with whom we Roaring Brook Inn, Harbor Springs, And so that there might be no Business Staff# Michigan, has immediate openings for trouble withthe third branch of Dick Aistroi........Business Manager 6 to 10 waitresses for the remainder of Lois Pollak...... Circulation Manager the summer. High School or College wo- the Government, Congress simply Bob Kovaks........Advertising Manager men interested in applying may contact passed a law forbidding the Su- the Bureau of Appointments, 3528 Ad- preme Court to review cases that ministration Bldg., Ex. 371. might arise under the Reconstruc- Telephone NO 23-24-1 A Local Organization has an opening tion Acts, and to this violation of for a Laboratory Technician who will eonstitutional procedure the court Member I work rincina with animals. Men or A