REPUBLICAN CAMPAIGN MYTHS See Page 2 1 4c Lu:& ~Iari4 i mss. b F Latest Deadline in the State CONTINUED HOT VOL. LXIV, No. 17S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, JULY 14, 1954 FOUR PAGES Revision of Atomic Energy Law Asked Congressional Committee Seeks Greater Sharing with Allied Nations WASHINGTON (P)-A congressional committee said Tuesday that "America's preponderance in atomic weapons" could foredoom a Russian thrust into Europe or elsewhere, but that "our partners" need more information about the weapons. The Senate-House Committee on Atomic Energy made the declara- tion in asking Congress to revise the 8-year-old atomic energy law. It asked, as President Eisenhower has asked, that some exchange of atomic secrets be allowed with friendly nations and that private }rGeographic Problems of USSR Told By RONA FRIEDMAN The huge size of the Soviet Un- ion poses many disadvantages as well as advantages, John A. Mor- rison, former chief of the USSR division, Office of Strategic Serv- ices, pointed out yesterday during a publicround-table discussion. Speaking on the "Geographic r Bases of Soviet Power," Morrison used land warfare as an example. Though the bast size of the country gives the Russians extra time for strategic purposes, it also means that they must keep huge armies close to the frontiers, he explained. Similar advazt' es and disad- vantages apply to air warfare. Transportation, also, due to the large size of the Soviet Union, works under a handicap, he pointed out, even though the terrain favors railway construction. Railway expansion which made breater strides under the Czarist regime, has not kept up with the rest of the economy, he asserted. Steam Locomotives Ninety-eight percent of the loco- motives are steam and they are 20 percent less efficient during the winter due to the extreme cold, he pointed out. "Although the system tends to be overloaded, according to our standards, it is possible under their type of regime to do what other- wise seems impossible." he said. "During World War II, the Rus- sians were able to use their trans- portation system. much more ef- ectively than many of us thought possible in Washington, because they cut civilian needs to t h e bone," he explained. "Coal isn't where the people are," he said, adding that those resources as well as much of the iron ore are located in the thinly populated Asiatic part of the Soviet Union. 1937 statistics show that 20 percent of the fuel and power outlet goes into transportation. The most serious problem that the Soviet Union has to face is a growing population with a def- initely limited food base, he as- serted, because there is a short growing season with danger of frosts and poor or dry soil. The recent tremendous irriga- tion projects in the Soviet Union are an inication of the shortage of food,. he pointed out. "Soviet Internal Politics" will be the subject of the next public round table discussion, given as part of the special program in Russian Studies, scheduled from July 20 and 22 which will be led by ThomasI B. Larson of the Division of Re- search, USSR, Department o f State. Generation Seeks Fall Manuscripts' Generation, campus arts mag- azine, has invited contributions from summer school students for its forthcoming fall issue, Poetry, fiction and drama manu- scripts will be welcome, as well, as critical and descriptive essays,1 according to Ruth Misheloff, man- *' aging editor. Students in fields such as fine arts, the social scienc- es or philosophy are encouraged to submit essays which they con- sider of interest, too. Manuscripts may be brought or mailed to the GENERATION office, Student Publications Bldg., 420 Maynard Street. Persons wishing; to inspect a copy of the most re- cent issue may do so by requesting it in the periodical room of the1 General Library or at any local boksctor rewhere it sells fr th1-irt- industry be let into the atomic power field. The'report discussed, among oth- er things: Atomic Arsenal - "America's preponderance in atomic.weapons can offset the numerical superior- ity of the Communist forces and serve emphatic notice on the Sov- iet' dictators that any attempt to occupy free Europe, or to push further anywhere into the free world, would be foredoomed to fail- ure. "Yet, so long as our law pro- hibits us from giving our partners in these joint efforts for common defense such atomic information as is required for realistic military planning, our own national secur- ity suffers." Sen. Hickenlooper, vice chairman of the Senate-House Atomic Energy Committee, told the Senate Tues- day night "we still possess a vast superiority" in xomic weapons, al- though "traiors, spies" and cap- tured Gerran scientists have en- abled the Russians to cut "several years" off of their atomic time- table. Opening the fight for President Eisenhower's new atomic energy program which appeared to be headed for sharp Senate debate, Hickenlooper said a limited portion of American knowledge of A- weapons, should be shared with Allied armies to permit "more re- alistic defense planning" for the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- tion. He apparently tried to allay some expressed fears that vital secrets w o u 1 d be given away through sharing military informa- tion. The committee, he said, had pro- vided "carefully stipulated safe- guards" to permit revealing infor- mation on the "tactical employ- ment of atomic weapons." The bill bars revealing "important data on the design and fabrication of the nuclear part of atomic weapons. .. (and) disclosure of detailed en- gineering information on other sen- sitive parts of our weapons." The measure, Hickenlooper said, authorizes the Atomic Energy Commission to give full back- ground security checks only to those holding the most sensitive jobs. The present law- calls for these surveys of all atomic work- ers. I ke's Social Security Bill Revamped WASHINGTON iR) - The Senate Finance Committee voted Tuesday to make social security coverage voluntary for 3,600,000 farm opera- tors and 500,000 professional peo- ple instead of compulsory as Pres- ident Eisenhower asked. The committee did not announce the votes, which were the first tak- en In its consideration of the ad- ministration's bill liberalizing and extending the social security sys- tem. But it was learned that there were not enough votes in the com- mittee in favor of compulsory cov- erage. Almost Eliminated Instead, the question became whether to eliminate the farm op- erators and professional people en- tirely. One member reported pri- vately that at one point the com- mittee voted to eliminate both groups from the bill. However, these decisions were reconsidered andthe optional co- erage was voted. The House passed the bill in about the form requested by the president. It provided for compul- sory coverage of the farm opera- tors and all of the professional people except about 150,000 doc- tors. The farm operators and profes- cin 7 wn" n lnn iva r + e.. ___ Court Tells U.S. To Pay Employees UN 'Loyalty' Cases Reviewed THE HAGUE, Netherlands N- The World Court rejected U. S. arguments and ruled Tuesday the United Nations must pay $179,000 in compensation to 11 Americans fired by the world organization in connection with U. S. loyalty checks. This issue was the center of a bitter controversy in the 60-mem- ber U.N.. General Assembly last fall, as a result of strenuous U.S. objections to paying the awards. It now goes back to the Assembly for another round of debate. The United States took the po- sition the Assembly could-and should-set aside the awards which had been made by the U.N. Ad- ministrative Tribunal, an appeals body set up to review staff per- sonnel problems. After a long de- bate, the Assembly decided to ask the international court for an ad- visory opinion. Row Expected By a vote of 9-3 the court held that the Assembly "has no rights on any ground to refuse to give effects to awards of compensation" made by the Administrative Tri- bunal. The court ruling was expected to kick up a big political row in Washington. At the time of the debate Ameri- can sources said privately they be- lieved Congress never would ap- propriate money to pay compensa- tion to persons whose loyalty was in doubt. If the U.N. pays the awards, the United States will owe W third of the total. The 11 involved refused to an- swer questions asked by a federal grand jury end other U.S. inves- tigating bodies as to whether they had ever been Communists. Governors Up Cost Estimate For Highways BOLTON LANDING, N. Y. (M- Governors pouring praise and pro- test on a huge new presidential highway building program upped the cost estimate Tuesday to a pos- sible 90 billion dollars. Gov. Dan Thornton of Colorado, chairman of the annual Governors Conference in session here, men- tioned that figure at a news con- ference. It appeared likely the conference might act Wednesday on setting up a special committee to consult President Eisenhower on his 10- year "grand plan" for a national road network capable of meeting defense needs in any atomic war and transport problems of 200 mil- lion people. In outlining the program to the governors, through notes read to the conference Monday night by Vice President Nixon, Eisenhower spoke of a 50 billion dollar pro- gram-in addition to "current nor- mal expenses." Thornton said he and other gov- ernors figured these normal ex- penses, by the states and federal governments, would amount to an- other 40 billions. Governors were f a i r 1 y well agreed that the country needs an extra 50 billion of road building in the next decade, slump or no slump. But they were split over who should carry it out and how. Some went along with the presi- dential suggestion of a federal- state alliance. Others protested that this would mean a continued federal hand in highway projects that ought to be left to the states. Rev. Woods Discusses Woman's Role House Returns Ike's Health Bill o Committee Unexpected Move May Kill Chances Of Legislative Action This Session WASHINGTON (P)--The House balked suddenly at President Eisenhower's health insurance program Tuesday sending it back to the Interstate Commerce Committee on a roll call vote of 238-134. Majority Leader Halleck (R-Ind.) acknowledged that the un- expected move just about killed the chances of getting any action on the legislation during this session of Congress. With a personal introduction by President Eisenhower, Welfare Secretary Oveta Culp Hobby went on the air last Friday to urge -Daily-Mar Crozier THE RT. REV. WOODS TALKS TO MEMBERS OF AUDIENCE SUBCOMMITEE TESTIMONY: Consumer Expectations Discussed By PAT ROELOFS A Washington Sub-Committee on Economic Statistics yester d a y heard Prof. Renis Likert, Director of the University Social Research Institute testify on "Consumer Ex- pectations." Suggestions for improved econo- mic statistics from experts in in- dustry, labor, finance, agriculture and food, consumer income, state and local government, construc- tion, retail trade, savings and in- vestment were requested by the Congressional group. Prof. Likert told the Committee, "By developing, testing and veri- fying a theory of consumer be- havior, we may make much faster Events Today Prof. C. M. Yang of the Insti- tute for Advanced Study will speak on "High Energy Physics" at 9 a.m. at 2038 Randall Laboratory. * * * "TV-E d u c a t i o n 's Electron- ic Weapon" will be the subject of a talk by Garnet Garrison, director of television, at 10 a.m. in Schor- ling Aud., in connection with the summer education conference. * * * Prof. Ernst Pulgram of the ro- mance language department will speak on "Sound Laws and Ex- ceptions" at the linguistic institute luncheon at 12:10 p.m. in the League. * * * The telling of chldren's stories will be discussed by Frances Clarke Sayers, formerly of the New York Public Library, at a luncheon for the summer education conference at noon in the Union. * * * "Arabic Wisdom Literature" will be the subject of a talk by Prof. Franz Rosenthal of the University of Pennsylvania at 4 p.m. in Aud.B'. * * * The fifth summer biological sym- posium will be held at 8 p.m. in Aud. C. "Adaptation in Bacteria" will be the subject of a roundtable discussion. * * * A talk on "Community Status for the School Teacher" will be given at 4:15 p.m. in Aud. A. In the evening, a panel discussion on juvenile delinquency is slated for 7:45 p.m. in Aud. A. fprogress toward understanding how our economy operates than by nu- merous operations of data collec- tion that are intended to fulfill "The goal of providing adequate tools for the understanding and prediction of economic fluctuations will be achieved only if we act the same way as the natural sciences have; that is, if we devote a sub-I stantial part of our efforts to basic research." Annual Surveys Understanding a n d predicting changes in our economy is aided by information obtained in annual Surveys of Consumer Finances, sponsored by the Federal Reserve Board and carried out the Survey Research Center Prof. Likert re- ported. Knowledge of the distribu- tion of income, liquid assets and debts throughout the population are important for effective under- standing of the economy, he told the Washington group. It is this' kind of information the Survey Research Center gets from the United States people in its exten- sive surveys. Prof. Likert illustrated his dis- cussion with the following state- ment, drawn from a study by Prof. George Katona, Director of the Economic Behavior Program oft he Survey Research Center: "At the beginning of 1949, many persons predicted a major depression.Busi- ness had begun to slacken, and numerous forecasters said that the postwar 'pent-up demand' was ex- hausted and that the current 'in- ventory recession' would spiral in- Correction .. . The Daily wishes to correct the misinformation given in y e s t e r- day's edition regarding the death of 18-year-old polio patient at the Ann Arbor Convalescent Home. Yesterday's paper incorrectly stated that Albert Cisco died at University Hospital. An investigation was made as to whether negligence was responsi- ble for the death at the Convales- cent Home. City detectives, investigating the case, said late yesterday that all of the home's personnel have been cleared of any criminal negligence and that it apparently was an ac- cident. Cisco was found dead in an iron lung about 7 a.m. Sunday. He ap- parently died from lack of oxygen because a valve was closed but not locked by a night nurse. to a full-fledged depression. A sur- vey of consumers at the time showed, however, that consumers did not share the pessimism of the forecasters and the business com- munity." He concluded the illustration by saying, "The satisfaction of con- sumers with their own financial positions resulted in an increase in total consumer expenditures in 1949 over 1948, and the effects of the 'depression' were limited to inventory runoffs. There have been numerous other instances in which the importance has been demon- strated of taking account of the attitudes,hexpectations and inten- tions of the consumer study." States' Jobless Aid May Get Federal Boost WASHINGTON (P - The Senate Tuesday night passed 78-3 an un- employment compensation financ- ing bill which will bring bigger federal grants to the states. It act- ed after rejecting an amendment to boost the jobless aid benefits to individuals. The measure now goes to con- ference with the House, which passed it in virtually the same form last year. Raised Scale Killed The proposal of 16 Democrats and Sen. Morse (Ind-Ore) to raise the nationwide scale of unemploy- ment compensation payments by an estimated 40 per cent was voted down 56-30 after several hours of debate. Backers of the amendment con- tended that the benefits, which are under control of the states, were set in the 1930's and are inade- quate by present standards. Republican Senate leaders re- plied that the states should be left in control of the program-that to write nationwide standards into federal law would mean that Wash- ington would take over control. The amendment would have re- quired payments for 26 weeks in all' states and would have boosted the present scale 'of benefits by about $12 to $23 a week. The principal purpose of the fi- nancing bill is to earmark for the first time all proceeds of the fed- eral unemployment compensation tax for the jobless aid program. enactment of the bill, which w Woods Calls Motherhood Greatest Art By BAERT BRAND The greatest creative activity of all is motherhood and the greatest artist is the mother. This is the opinion of the Right Reverend Frank Woods, Bishop- Suffregan of Middleton, Diocese of Manchester, England who spoke yesterday as part of the series of Women in the World of Man. Bishop Woods, in his speech en- titled "The Spiritual Influence of Women," added, it "falls to women to have a studio of living por- traits." This task which is mostly hers is the most rewarding and satisfying work of creative artistry for it is she who forms the char- acter of the child, he said. Not the Home Alone Also, the Bishop said, the spiri- tual values of women are not only expressed in the home but as teachers, prayers, nurses and suf- ferers. Women make the best teachers, he declared, because they can be more personal than men and can achieve impossible things through the powers of patience and love in the formative years of a child's life. Spiritual Backbone Bishop Woods said that women are the spiritual backbone of every congregation. Men are more self- sufficient than women who know their own weaknesses and are bet- ter at praying, he added. As for nursing, "Spiritual min- istry is better given by women than men," Bishop Woods said. Women find fulfillment in nursing and motherhood which are not far apart, he declared, Suffering achieves more for the welfare of the world than all man- made works, the Bishop said. Women suffer the agonies of part- ing when men go off to war and other jobs and, he declared, it is women who suffer the pains of childbirth. Vietminh Hits Hanoi Outposts HANOI, Indochina (P-The Viet- minh built up pressure Tuesday on French Union outposts shiedl- ing Hanoi on three sides, as the French slammed back with air and tank attacks. Civilians were moving out of Son Tay, 25 miles northwest of here, following severe mortar shelling of French headquarters there by Communist - led rebels Monday night. There was no indication the French garrison had yielded the town. The Vietminh stepped up their attacks all across the northern Red River Delta defense line. Guerril- las attacked a French highway guard patrol between Son Tay and Hanoi but were driven back when a squadron of French tanks rushed to the rescue from Son Tay. U.S.-Britain May Agree on Viet Nam LONDON (/P)-An authoritative British informant spread word among newsmen Tuesday that the United States and Britain are ould have set up a government reinsurance system to encourage expansion of the health insurance offered by private companies. The bill had cleared the Inter- state Committee without a record vote, and as late as Tuesday after- noon Republican leaders told news- men they knew of no major opposi- tion. A storm blew up during three hours of debate, however, Too Soon The main complaint against the measure was that it was rushed to a vote too soon, that members didn't have time to digest the pro- visions in its 40.printed pages, and that it would not accomplish any- thing for the masses of people who don't have health insurance. Mrs. Hobby, in her televised talk for the bill, said it was neither so- cialized medicine nor a handout to the Insurance companies. "This is a new approach toward solving the health problems of the American people," she said. During Tuesday's debate sup- porters of the measure acknowl- edged it wouldn't make health in- surance available to people now unable to afford %, and wouldn't make it coheaper for those who al- ready have it. The motion to send the bill back to committee was made by Rep. Williams (D-Miss) and supported by members of both parties. The committee could draft a new meas- ure, but there is almost no chance of this being done in the adjourn- ment rush. Voting to send the legislation back to committee were 162 Demo- crats, 75 Republicans and 1 inde- pendent. Against the motion were 120 Republicans and 14 Democrats. The bill had the backing of a number of insurance groups but was opposed by the American Med- ical Assn. Guatemala Recognized WASHINGTON () - The State Department announced Tuesday night that the United States has recognized the new government of Guatemala, headed by Col. Carlos Castillo Armas. Castillo heads a three-man military junta which now rules the Central American country. He helped to overthrow a re- gime which was strongly in- fluenced by Communists. Rev. Bloomer To TalK Today The Rt. Rev. Thomas Bloomer, Lord Bishop of Carlisle, England will speak on "Fact and Fancy" at 3 p.m. today in the Rackham Amphitheater. Bishop Bloomer was appointed to his position in 1946 and currently heads a diocese which includes more than 300 parishes and 320 clergy. Carlisle is one of the his- toric sees in England, founded in 1130. The bishop was recently admit- ted to the English House of Lords. Born and raised in Ireland, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. In 1943, he was made a canonof Chelmsford Cathedral and the following year, a chaplain to His Majesty King George VI. The lecture will be given under the auspices of the speech depart- ment and is open to the public. NORMAN, CROES MEDALS: Sherlock, Johnston Win Engineering Awards Top awards of the American Society of Civil Engineers have gone to members of the engineering college faculty. Robert H. Sherlock, professor of civil engineering, has received the Norman Medal, the first award, and Bruce G. Johnston, professor of structural engineering has received the J. James R. Croes Medal, the second award. Norman Medal The Norman Medal, established in 1872, is given to the author of a paper judged by the American Society of Civil Engineers as worthy of special commendation for its merit as a contribution to _. ..