PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY WEDNESDAY, JULY 7, 1954 PAGE TWO TE MICHIGA DAILY WENESDAm.mJmYm7.m1mK LV Wit The Fifth Amendment & Immunity "Ah, Yew -Isn't That Fellow McCarthy Terrible?" IF THE HOUSE of Representatives follows the Senate's lead, witnesses appearing before Con- gressional investigating committees will no longer have the right to remain silent on the grounds of the Fifth Amendment. S. 16, the bill that the Senate passed last sum- mer and which is still in a House committee, re- quires that a witness testify if 2/3 of the full com- mittee so directs. Any evidence arising from that testimony can not be used for production in the federal courts unless the witness has perjured him- self. Legally there have been two main objectives to immunity bills. Such bills are constitutional only if they equal the privileges offered under the Fifth Amendment. Some of the opponents of immunity bills assert that the Fifth Amendment was intended to pro- tect a man's reputation as well as to protect him from prosecution. Therefore they conclude, an im- munity bill which forces a witness to testify and yet can not protect him from any social stigma which might result from that testimony, would be unconstitutional. Although Supreme Court decisions have ruled that the Fifth Amendment was intended to include only criminal prosecution, there have been dis- sensions. Former Supreme Court Justice Field declared in a dissenting opinion in which he deplored a close and literal interpretation of the Constitution, "It is true that both the safeguard of the Constitution and the common law rule spring alike from the sentiment of personal self-respect, liberty, inde- pendence and dignity which has inhabited the breasts of English speaking peoples for centuries. . . . In scarcely anything has that sentiment been more manifest than in the abhorrence felt at the legal compulsion upon witnesses to make confes- sions which must cover the witness with lasting shame and leave him degraded both in his eyes and in the eyes of others. A (immunity) statute is not a full equivalent (of the Fifth Amendment) if under it a witness may be compelled to cover himself with the infamy of crime." The second objection is based on the argument that immunity granted by Congress applies only to Federal courts and state courts can use the information the witness has given to convict him. However, legally, two Supreme Court rulings have made this objection invalid. For the Court has up- held that immunity against state prosecution is not essential to the validity of Federal immunity stat- utes. And it has also upheld that in the Fifth Amendment the prohibition against compulsory self- incrimination is not binding on the states. Thus under these two rulings, an immunity bill can equal the Fifth Amendment privilege since both are not binding on the states. But it is plain that when a witness does invoke the Fifth Amendment, he is safe from state prose- cution. Several senators, during the recent debate raised a further question in regard to an immunity bill. Senator Cooper declared "if congress has no power to impose punishment, it ought not to have the power to relieve from punishment.'\ Calling the bill dangerous, Senator Lehmann said "this bill strikes at the very roots of the concept, so basic to our form of government, of the separa- tion of powers between the legislative, executive and judicial branches. The function of the execu- tive branch is very clear-to carry out the laws of the United States, to enforce them, and to prose- cute those who violate them." Aside from the intricate technical objections which must be settled before the bill passes Con- gress, what is the alleged purpose of the bill and will it achieve that purpose? According to Senator McCarran, the author of the bill, and who has been plugging it since 1951, ". . by granting such immunity (to witnesses be- fore Congressional Investigating committees) we shall do more to explode this (Communist) menace than we could do by proceeding in any other way by which we could possibly proceed." Thus the function of the bill would appear to be to acquire more information about the present internal Communist threat than the committees are able to do at present under the existing 5th Amend- ment privilege. It is most unlikely that Communists to whom the party is more important than themselves will tell investigating committees of important espionage plans or inform on other Communist members. Certainly it is more probable that they would pre- fer a one year contempt of Congress jail sentence. It would seem that the people the immunity bill will most effect will be past Party members and sympathizers. The result of their testimony, as shown in the past, will most probably be a long list of names of people who were involved in the Party with the witness. This testimony will most likely mean economic reprisals for those mentioned in the hearings and little more. A long list of names of former Party members will not add much to Congress' knowledge of pres- ent Communist Party operations. Certainly for such scanty information as Con- gress might obtain under an immunity law, it does not seem worthwhile to by-pass a traditional legal safeguard which was placed in the Constitution to protect the innocent as well as the guilty. -Rona Friedman 4I- ow Rr O ~ a I 3 U.S. Recognition of Red China UCH JOURNALISTIC capital has recently been made on the impending big split between Great Britain and the United States over the Red China issue. The British are expected to vote in favor of the Peiping regime when and if it makes a bid for United Nations membership. Meanwhile. certain alarmed Senators point in alarm threatening to withdraw the United States from the international body. Because the two have not been able to reconcile this difference of view, Malenkov must be hap- pier than an American secret service man with se- curity clearance from Senator McCarthy. And it is not likely that Britain and this country will reach an agreement unless the United States finds some way to compromise. But we have left ourselves a rather small area for compromise. Top government officials have let the American people become so dedicated to the proposition that Red China shall not be admitted to the United Nations that to change our position is roughly equivalent to political sui- cide. The mistake was to take such a position in the first place. It should have been seen from the be- ginning that Red China would eventually have to be admitted to the UN in order to deal with her. Steadfastly refusing to consider admittance on the thin grounds that recognition implied approval was also a blunder because the argument has convinced the American public. So that, now, recognition would indeed imply approval because we have said it would. Of course, it is rather late to think about what should have been done. The immediate problem is what to do now. It is a problem, and it is immedi- ate, because a split between Britain and America seriously weakens the free world's defenses against Russian imperialism, defenses already proven weaker than we care to believe. Consequently, the split must be closed before it gets too wide to bridge it, before the General As- sembly gets a chance to vote on Red China's ad- mittance. Anything else, including United States withdrawal from the UN, would spell death- maybe slow, maybe fast, but death nevertheless- to chances for a Western victory. And it is up to the United States. Britain will not change her mind, nor should she; for hers has been the wisest approach. What must hap- pen is that the United States vote to admit Red China to the UN, letting only Britain know be- forehand so that neither the Kremlin would be aware the split had been closed nor the Ameri- can people would get excited and necessitate an about face before the actual vote. This would entail for the present Administration political danger too frightening to comprehend. Besides sponsoring a sober television explanation of the move and appealing to bi-partisan sympath- ies in the name of international crisis, the only thing it could do is accept the ignominy and con- sole itself in the knowledge that it had made the wisest move toward world peace. In this way, world peace would remain possible at the price of danger to a few political careers. The question is whether our leaders have the cour- age to admit their past mistakes and do what must be done. However, one thing must be remembered: in ad- mitting Red China to the UN, we must be careful to emphasize that recognition does not mean ap- proval, and that, until now, we have been all wet on that point. After all, the first step toward im- proving ones position is realizing that the present one is wrong; and this requires admitting past mistakes. The United States, in order to rejuvenate peace hopes and at grave political risks for its leaders, must change its policy from rejecting Red China because it is not interested in peace to accepting her in order to get her interested in peace. -Jim Dygert Civitlzing the Heathen The Australian government plans to civilize the natives of the newly discovered "Shangri-La" in southeast New Guinea whether they like it or not. Now we'll lift the wretched heather from the squalor of their lives; from their free and rustic woodlands we'll transplant them into dives, in our crowded, fetid cities, in the middle of our slums-- and though culture's slow in coming, they will love it when it comes. From their quaint barbaric habits we will raise the heathen high, till they join our modern cul- ture and the wonders it can buy, 'til they have our modern weapons made to multiply each crime; and we'll teach them, when they murder, to kill millions at a time. We will broaden their horizons and enlarge their narrow fate, so that they, like us, encompass states and peoples in their hate; we will take their local rancors that we find so cramped and bent, and will teach them larger furies that take in a continent. We will put an end to rituals and their customs in a trice, and will teach them new diversions marked by well-developed vice; we will wean them from the pleasures that they hitherto have prized; thought it makes them most unhappy, they'll damn well be civilized. -Washington Post WASHINGTON. - It's now pos- sible for senators and diplomats to get a better appraisal of the Churchill-Eisenhower talks. More details of the talks are also leak- ing out. Here are some of the high- lights, plus the interpretations of the diplomats.: Recognition of Red China-What teed off Senator Knowland into threatening to resign as Republican Senate Leader was a confidential argument made by British Foreign Minister Eden tlat it was inevita- ble Red China would enter the United Nations , within a year, therefore it was better for the al- lies to move for its admission soon in order to get concessions in re- turn ... what Eden referred to was the fact that Red China had enough votes to get into the U.N. Assembly next September, and there was no way the United States or anyone else could stop it. The United States could veto member- ship on the U.N. Security Council; though not on the General Assem- bly ... a similar argument was made by John Foster Dulles's law partner, Arthur Dean, in a back- ground talk with newsmen last winter. Dean, then chief U.S. En- voy for the Korean Peace talks' told newsmen there were signs of friction between Russia and China, that American recognition of Red China would help to wean her away from Moscow . .. earlier, Vice President Nixon, while in Formosa, made a speech assuring Chiang Kai-shek that Red China would never be recognized.' Later he got a cable from the State De- partment advising him not to close this door, that Red China might be recognized in return for peace in Korea ... Nixon later changed his line, told Prime Minister Nehru and other middle east leaders that if China was reasonable she might be admitted to the U.N. ... all this made Senator Knowland and other China-lobby senators hit the ceiling ... Knowland, who has campaigned so passionately for Chiang Kai-shek that he's some- times called "The Senator from Formosa," really means it when he talks about resigning as major- ity leader if Red China is admitted to the U.N. Guatemala and British-Secre- tary Dulles seemed preoccupied with Guatemala during part of the Churchill talks. He kept coming back to that subject. After various points on the agenda had been discussed, Dulles would come back to Guatemala again . . . Commu- nism is getting a foothold in the Western Hemisphere, Dulles argued. The question is vital to us, and Great Britain will have to back us up . .. what stuck in his craw was the fact that the British had abstained from voting when the question of the Guatemalan revolt came up for discussion at the U.N. Security Council ... "What did you want us to do?" was the es- sence of Eden's reply. "Your am- bassador Mr. Lodge had reminded us only 10 days ago that it would be a shame if the time ever came when a little nation couldn't pre- sent its case before the Security Council. Since we could not very well vote against letting Guatemala present its case, we tried to help you by abstaining." A-Bomb Talks-One of the most vital questions discussed was use of the A-bomb. Churchill made this one of the most important points of his entire visit. He said that Britain must be notified and con- sulted if the United States intended to drop the atom or hydrogen bomb.......Churchill had once drastic action, but said he could not consult. Quirks Of Diplomacy-The Brit- ish couldn't understand why Ei- senhower insisted that they see the movie, "The Student Prince." They sat through the showing in the Lower White House, but were bored stiff. Besides, the air con- ditioning was turned up so high that they almost caught pneumo- nia. They still don't know why they had to sit through such an ordeal ......Winston Churchill re- sented any attempts to help him because of his age. At the airport when Canadian Foreign Minister Lester Pearson started to help him upstairs, Winnie pushed him aside, went up the stairs, then turned round at Pearson and made a face .... Anthony Eden and John Foster Dulles were sore as blazes at each other over Eden's critical speech in the House of Commons, but patched up their differences. They were soon calling each other "Anthony" and "Foster.";. Ike failed to use FDR's tactic for getting some sleep during the Churchill visit. As a result the Prime Minister kept him up every night until 2 A.M. Roosevelt got around these later sessions by scheduling early - morning ses- sions. Ordinarily the Prime Min- ister sleeps most of the day, works most of the night. But FDR kept him awake all day, so he had to go to bed at night. Irked Australia-Australia's for- eign Minister Casey left town boil- ing mad at Churchill and Eden. Casey felt the British were giving him the deep - freeze treatment because he was siding with the U.S.A. on Indochina. They sus- pected him of plotting with Dulles to force Britain to stop stalling about Indochina .... Casey got to see Churchill only once-at a White House dinner to which he was invited. by President Eisen- hower .... Later, Canadian For- eign Minister Pearson, in a move to keep Casey from exploding, gave a dinner in his honor at the Canadian Embassy .... but Ca- sey wasn't fooled, and he has now decided to put Australia in a South- east Asia alliance whether Britain comes in or not. No American Troops - Eisen- hower informed Winnie that the United States will go along with an Indochina partition plan even though it gives Hanoi, the Red River Delta, and two - thirds of Vietnam to the Communists ... Eisenhower told Churchill he does not like the truce plan the French are negotiating with the Commu- nists, but the only way to stop it would be suicide because it would bog down the United States in an endless Asiatic war, leaving Eu- rope wide open to attack ..... Churchill was somewhat startled by Eisenhower's views because he thought the President, acting on advice from Admiral Radford, would demand that Britain join in some kind of Indochina interven- tion. Churchill has now informed his cabinet that the United States had done a complete about - face and is less interested in fighting in Indochina than is Britain - if that is possible. WASHINGTON - Here is the inside story behind Chinese For- eign Minister Chou En-lai's se- cret talks with Indian Prime Minister Nehru and Burmese Prime Minister. Technically Chou En-lai was invited to both countries. But ac- tually the Chinese Communists slipped around in advance, hinted that Chou would like to pay a Xiettei TO THE EDITOR Frivolous . . . To the Editor: WAS SHOCKED to pick up this morning's paper and find the sub headline reading: "Fire- works Kill Only Two." That is editorializing of the worst sort.r Since when are two dead people, only? . Furthermore, since when has its become the policy of the Daily to dismiss the dead in a manner so totally unbefitting the gravity ofr the occasion? I refer to the taste- less item about former lecturerl Inez Pilk. Her replacement cer- tainly could have been announcedf after a more decent interval. I realize that you are students1 who put out The Daily and youre attitudes are naturally frivolous. But please bear in mind that your older readers are more sensitive1 to life's deeper problems and trav- ails. -(Mrs.) Laura K. Greiner So There . . To the Editor: DON'T THINK it at all right for Mayer Lodes to criticize The Daily for criticizing Kit Clardy. I refer to his letter of July 3. It seems very likely that The Daily is not a perfect college news- paper. But it is not the place of a student of the University of Mich- igan to say so. What Mayer Lodes has forgotten is that the taxpayers of Michigan support this University, and that The Daily can be said to speak for the University, and therefore Mayer Lodes is criticizing the peo- ple of Michigan, when he criticizesi The Daily. Such criticism, of course, is high- ly improper.- If The Daily is good enough forC the people who run it, it should be good enough for us who read it. After all, Mr. Lodes, if we're going to take our Fascism serious- ly, we should apply it to ourselves, as well as to others. -Arnold Knepfer The U.S. And the U.N. By J. M. ROBERTS JR. Associated Press News Analyst People frequently think of the United Nations as something en- gineered by the United States which would fall apart if she with- drew her support. That might be true. Certainly the United Nations would lose its pres- ent character without the presence of the United States. But there are long range ramifications of any suggestion that she pull out which deserve careful scrutiny. As a threat, and as an expres- sion of deep-seated American de- termination not to sit with Red China in the U.N. before she has expiated her role of aggressor, Sen. Knowland's campaign carries some weight. It is a warning to the other nations not to impose something on the United States which would be very disruptive. There is a question, however, whether such threats, like the one to substitute Western Germany for France as an ally unless France goes ahead with the European De- fense Community, are not even more disruptive. The United States is in a position to impose, far more than to be imposed upon. The Russians would like few things better than to see the United States out of the UN. If Red China were admitted to the U.N. and the United States' pulled out, Russia would be riding high. She could practically take over. She could dominate the tech- nical assistance and other pro- grams which she now stays out of because she considers them agen-; cies of American policy. Of course, there seems to be little danger that Knowland's fear will come true. There is nothing in the U.N. situation to indicate, that Red pressure can succeed at this time, even though Britain leans heavily toward Peiping's' membership. As long as the United' States holds out with determina- tion-and there is no indication from the State Department that it will not-the other members will not ride over her. One thing the United States needs to do, however, is to state the terms Red China must meet to make her eligible for membership. Washington wants Italy admitted, and soon will be faced with the necessity of supporting Western Germany. The U.N. can never hope to function indefinitely as a dis- criminatory club. Lacking the peace which the UN was originally designed to en- force, its chief job is to thresh over the things which keep the world divided. To do that properly, it will eventually have to have all The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsi- bility. Publication in it is construc- tive notice to ali members of the University. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3510 Administration Building before 3 p.m. the day preceding publication. WEDNESDAY, JULY 7, 1954 VOL. LXIV, No. 12S Notices Approved Student Organizations -- Summer, 1954. The following organizations have reg- istered as active for the summer session and are entitled to the privileges ac-1 corded recognized student organiza- tions:' Chinese student Club Congregational Disciples student Guild Episcopal student Foundation Gamma Delta, Gothic Film Society Intercooperative CouncilK1 Klndai Nihon Kenkyu Kai1 Lutheran Student Association7 Michigan Christian Fellowship Michigan Daily Newman Club Wesleyan Guild Ushers are urgently needed for Anna Russell concert at Hill Auditorium on Monday, July 19. If you are interested in ushering for this concert, please re- port to Mr. Warner at Hill Auditorium between 5 and 6 p.m. Thursday and Fri-7 day, July 8 and 9. August Teacher's Certificate Candi- dates: The Teacher's Oath will be ad- ministered to all August candidates for, the teacher's ceritficate during the, week of July 6, in Room 1437 U.E.S. Thej office is open from 8 to 12 and 1:30 to 5. The Teacher's Oath is a requirement for the teacher's certificate. School of Education, Music, Natural Resources and Public Health Students, who received marks of I, X, or "no reports" at the end of their last semester or summer session of at- tendance, wil receive a grade of "E" in' the course or courses, unless this work is made up by July 21 in the Schools of Education, Music and Public Health. In the School of Natural Resources the date is July 16. Students, wishing an ex- tension of time beyond this date in or- der to make up this work, should file a petition,addressed to the appropri- ate official of their school, with Room 1513 Administration Building, where it will be transmitted. The Art Print Loan Collection office in Room 510 Admin. Bldg. will be open Monday through Friday from 8-12 for the duration of the Summer Session. PERSONNEL REQUESTS National Casualty Co., Detroit, Mich., has two positions open for men grad- uates in accounting. American Rock Wool Corp., Wabash, Indiana, is interested in hiring recent or August men graduates in mechanical or chemical engineering for vacancies in the firm's Technical Serviceand En- gineering Departments. The U.S. Civil Service Commission has announced an examination for Pa- tent Adviser (Radio and Electronics), GS-7 through GS-12. Requirements in- clude a bachelor's degree in a field of physical science or in engineering. Inter-Collegiate Press, Kansas City, Missouri, manufacturers of announce- 4.. AI rt'nm.rn ccrrhnnlrstto nry.r Admitted free of charge. Beginners at 7:00 p.m. Intermediate at 8:00 p.m. Academic Notices Make-up Examination in History will be given Saturday, July 10, 9 to 12 a.m. ,in Room 429 Mason Hall. See your in- structor for permission and then sign list in History Office. Lectures Linguistic Institute Luncheon: "The Phonology of English Loan Words to Spanish." Lawrence B. Kiddle, Associate Professor of Spanish. 12:10 p.m., Michi- gan League. Speech Assembly, auspices of the Ie- partment of Speech. "Trends in Gradu- ate Research in Speech." Clyde W. Dow, Professor of Communication Skills, Mi- chigan State College. 3:00 p.m., Rack- ham Amphitheater. Near Eastern Lecture Series, auspices of the Department of Near Eastern Stu- dies. "The Background of Civilization in the Near East: The Terminal Food-Ga- thering Stage." Robert J. Braidwood, Professor, The Oriental Institute, Uni- versity of Chicago. 4:00 p.m., Auditorium B, Angell Hall. Woman in the World of Man Lecture Series. "Emotional Growth and the Family," Dr. Joseph M. Lubart, Colum- bia University Psychoanalytic Clinic. 4:15 p.m., Auditorium A, Angel Hall. Panel discussion. "Patterns of Today's Family Dynamics." Robert C. Angell, Professor of Sociology, moderator; Mor- ris Janowitz, Associate Professor of So- ciology; Alice K. Leopold, Director, Wo- men's Bureau, United States Depart- ment of Labor; Dr. Ralph D. Rabino- vitch, Chief, Children's Service, Neuro- psychiatric Institute; Dr. Joseph M. Lubart, Columbia University Psycho- analytic Clinic. 7:45 p.m., Auditorium A, Angeli Hall. Concerts Student Recital: Lois Gauger, piano student with Helen Titus, will appear in a recital at 8:30 wednesday evening, July 7, in the Rackham Assembly Hall. Her program will include Mozart's So- (Continued on Page 4) Sixty-Fourth Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff Dianne AuWerter...Co-Managing Editor Alice B. Silver.... Co-Managing Editor Becky Conrad............Night Editor Rona Friedman........... Night Editor Wally Eberhard...........Night Editor Russ AuWerter..........Night Editor Sue Garfield.........Women's Editor Hanley Gurwin.........Sports Editor Jack Horwitz...Assoc. Sports Editor E. J. Smith........Assoc. Sports Editor Business Staff Dick Alstrom.........Business Manager Lois Pollak........Circulation Manager Bob Kovaks.......,Advertising Manager + MUSIC+ At Rackham Auditorium,., . STANLEY QUARTET. Gilbert Ross and Emil Raab, violins; Rob- ert Courte, viola; Oliver Edel, cello. PROGRAM: Beethoven, Quartet in D major, Op. 18, No. 3; Ray- mond Chevreuille, Quartet No. 5 (first Ann Arbor performance); Beethoven, Quartet in C-sharp minor, Op. 131. THIS CONCERT was an interestingly planned one. It gave us an opportunity to hear two wonderful works from the extremes (chronologically speaking) of Beethoven's series 'of string quartets, as well as a composition by a talented European contemporary whose music has been heard little in this country. The Stanley group was in good form, and played the music with its customary earnestness and interpretative skill. There were also the occasional slips of in- tonation which one encounters in most Stanley concerts-but they were not disastrous and served to remind us that flawless perform- ances exist only in the imagination. The delightful Beethoven D major tactually the first quartet he composed, though it is listed as No. 3) was given a carefully molded execution, realized with vigor and spontaneity. The performers ob- viously had definite ideas about which passages to "dig into" and which ones to toss off casually. The whole performance was meticu- lously voiced, with subtle dynamic shading allowing the principal line or lines to stand out in proper focus. The final movement, was taken at whirlwind speed with no loss of clarity or rhythmic defi- nition. It was a very real service for the Stanley Quartet to play the work by Raymond Chevreuille. Although the pioneers of 20th century music, and those who have the most American perform- ances of their works, are Europeans, one has little opportunity to hear the music of the more recent generations of European com- posers-of which Chevreuille is a member. This quartet, written in 1943, has much to recommend it: a complex polyphonio tex- ture which always maintains clarity and never seems unduly con- gested, subtly shifting harmonic colors 'which do not stray too far from a basic tonality, idiomatic and effective string writing though it seemed that the composer slighted the expressive pos- sibilities of the cello), and many passages of real emotional power. What I missed, on this first hearing, was a sense of musical ur- gency in the work as a whole. Though I found no boring passages in it, the pacing seemed somewhat too leisurely, the construction too loose-jointed. The great C-sharp minor quartet of Beethoven which concluded the program, was played with the same devotion which character- ized the remainder of the program. There were moments when the balance of tone left something to be desired (particularly in the violin duets where the contrast between tone qualities was too ap- parent), but the performance was a very satisfying one, which we may look forward to hearing repeated during the Beethoven cycle scheduled for this fall by the Stanley Quartet. -Dave Tice DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN J1 t t i 4 NEW BOOKS Bottome, Phyllis-The Secret Stair. New York, Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1954. Farrar, Straus and Young, 1954. Horan, James D.-Confederate Agent. New York, Ii