PAGE TWO - THE MICHIGAN DAILY SATURDAY, JULY 3, 1954 PAGE TWO THE MICflIGAN DAILY SATURDAY, JULY 3.1954 + BOOKS + THE GENERAL'S STORY by William F. Dean. MAJOR GENERAL William F. Dean, USA, has written a book that ought to be read by all sorts and conditions of men. I use the word "ought" fully aware of its implications, and then under- score it. As a piece of autobiography, General Dean's story belongs with a select body of writing by men who have devoted their lives to keeping secure "the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity." The only book to which it can be compared is Ger- eral Grant's "Memoirs," one of the most neglected and under-rated boks in our heritage, and it com- pares favorably if one remembers that Grant wrote as a clear-cut victor and never as a prisoner. Neither general had a particularly brilliant military career, prior to becoming famous in a few eventful years, Grant's few years were spent commanding the armies that preserved the Un- ion. General Dean's few years were spent as a prisoner of war of the only armies that United States' troops ever engaged and did not decisive- ly defeat. Separated by extremes of position, similar quali- ties inherent in the men who wrote them make both books great. In neither war could a major commander assume that all the people of his na- tion or other nations were united in popular sup- port of what he had to do: follow orders even where it mean great loss of life: "Any infantry officer must at times be ruth- less. Part of the job is to send men into places from which you know they are not likely to come out again. This is never easy, but it's an especially soul-searing business when the only thing you can buy with other men's lives is a little more time. Sometimes I wonder now, when so many people are so friendly and kind to me, whether they realize that they are being kind to a man who has issued such orders in two wars, and to many, many men." Grant and Dean represent the professional sol- dier at his best, and no one, to repeat a truism that seems in danger of being forgotten, loves peace more, or war less than the professional soldier. General Sherman's definition of war has not lost its meaning for the professional soldier. It never will. But when battles must be fought, generals, like privates, must follow orders by giving orders, and accept manfully whatever consequences th7 public sees fit to bestow upon them, whether it be such that makes their names anathema or the office of hero. General Dean is a hero. He deprecates his own role as a general; in fact, he prefers to think of himself as just another "infantry officer." Few other infantry officers, dead or alive, would have been capable of surviving all that General Dean survived. He was not tortured in the traditional sense, meaning racks, burnings at stake, or Nazi sadistics. The Oriental mind is incapable of these grosser tortures and has perfected its own-mental torture of proportions that far exceed anything anyone can do to a man physically. Physically tortured, a man can look forward to the blessing of death. But kept barely alive physically and tortured mentally leaves a man nothing, except perhaps hope. And hope can wear thin. This brings out the most important feature in General Dean's personality. Reading his book, one can think of no more apt description of him than the embodiment of courage. Courage is quietly ex- pressed in the words of every page: Courage to want to avoid capture when that seemed inevitable. Courage to resist for days at a time the attempts of Red interrogators to break him. Courage to at- tempt to escape and courage to attempt suicide. Above all, courage to admit his mistakes and short- comings, both as a general and as a man. General Dean did more than maintain his in- tegrity and exhibit his courage. He learned from his captors as no other man capable of prevail- ing on so many ears has done. He knows what communism is, not academically only, but as it is practiced by people who accept it: "I read anything they'd let me read. I was interested in finding out what modern com- munism was all about. You can't fight some- thing intelligently unless you know what it is. In the United States we can't afford to be so ignorant. Before I was a prisoner I didn't know what the Reds were talking about, what they meant when they said "Leninism." I had stud- died Marxism when it was still taught at the University of California as a political science course, but their interpretation of Leninism was all new to me. Not one officer in a thous- and in our Army-and, if anything, an even smaller percentage of civilians in the United States-has any idea of what they mean. So I read everything I could. I'm no authority now on the history of the Communist party and much of its doctrine." General Dean's book has no art, save that of plain speech, rare any time. He is not a literary artist any more than Grant was. But sheer force of personality in terms of courage, integrity, hon- esty, knowledge and experience, cannot be denied. Art could do little save embellish this story. The qualities it has are too rare, too magnificent to need adornment. Here is General Dean, a Man who has much to tell. --Russell C. Gregory "Nonsense -We Never Felt Better in My Life" 4 f -N v R 'I ii 4 The Oppenheimer Decision And Security, WITH THE possible exception of those intent on "punishing" Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, no one can take any pleasure in the 4-1 decision of the Atomic Energy Commission to deny security clearance to the nuclear physicist. Significantly, all five members chose to disregard the charges about Dr. Oppenheimer's lack of en- thusiasm for the hydrogen bomb project in 1949. We think this was wise, for the reasoning of the Gray Board on this score was not only specious, but highly dangerous. Unquestionably the majority dpinion does show a long line of dubious incidents and associations. By all odds the most disturbing is the Chevalier affair - Dr. Oppenheimer's failure to report promptly an approach made to him in 1943 to obtain information for Soviet scientists, his lies to protect Chevalier when he did report the attempted espionage, and his indiscretion in seeing Chevalier in Paris last December. A stern reprimand to Dr. Oppenheimer for this was clearly in order and would have provided a more sensible conclusion to the case. Apart from the specific charges, Commissioner Murray, in his concurring opinion, makes the strongest argument for denying clearance to Dr. Oppenheimer. Mr. Murray contends that in a nar- row sense Dr. Oppenheimer has been disloyal be- cause he has flouted the standards of conduct for atomic energy employes devised by society to pro- tect itself against the Commnuist conspiracy. This is a justifiable commentary. On balance, however, we find ourselves persuaded by the simpler gpproach of the dissenting commissioner, Dr. Smyth. If one starts with the fundamental assumption that Dr. Oppenheimer is disloyal, Dr. Smyth acknowledges, the derogatory information may arouse suspicion. But "if the entire record is read objectively, Dr. Oppenheimer's loyalty and trustworthiness emerge clearly." What is the pur- pose of the security program? It is not an end in itself, but a mean to an end-to prevent secret information from falling into the hands of an enemy. On this score Dr. Oppenheimer meets the pragmatic test. No one has even alleged that he has divulged secrets to any unauthorized person. "If a man protects the secrets he has in his hands and head," Dr. Smyth observes, "he has shown essential regard for the security system." Here is the basic dilemma. It is impossible to effect a precise balance between freedom and security; and the assessment of the security in- terest by rigid rules can sometimes overlook the larger national interest. The Atomic Energy Com- mission would take a risk in continuing the use of Dr. Oppenheimer; but it will take a risk in deny- ing the Government access to this mind. Although Dr. Oppenheimer may not be indispensable, as the AEC general manager contends, it is by no means clear that his services can be discarded without loss to the Nation. He might, indeed, provide the rare flash of genius that would unlock some future discovery, just as Dr. Edward Teller provided the inspiration that led to the hydrogen bomb. For the security system must deal with human beings who commit indiscretions; and absolute conformity is by nature incompatible with the type of mind that seeks new scientific knowledge. The decision in the Oppenheimer case leaves in its wake two haunting questions. In light of the ex- haustive scrutiny of his personal life to which Dr. Oppenheimer has been subjected, can anyone with originality and ideas fully satisfy the standards of character and associations which the AEC has prescribed? And, most important and most pro- found of all, will the security of the country really be stronger because Dr. Oppenheimer has been excluded from the program to which he has con- tributed so much? -The Washington Post WASHINGTON-Juiciest nesting place in the federal government is generally considered the Interna- tional Joint Commission which handles waterway problems be- tween Canada and the United States; also the International Boundary Commission between Canada and the United States. Duties are not arduous, the boun- dary isn't bothered by wars, mem- bers of the commissions draw $10,000 a year, and get a cool expense-paid summer trip to Can ada every year. However, the Republican Na- tional Committee, eying these job plums, got its political wires so badly crossed that a Chicago law yer was appointed to the wrong commission, then the governor of Idaho was named prematurely to the job the lawyer was supposed to get. The resulting mixup violated: 1, A 1909 treaty with Canada; 2, A presidential order dating back to 1873. It all began when Republican mouths started watering for the patronage plum held by octogen- arian A.O. Stanley, ex - senator from Kentucky, who was chair man of the International Joint Commission for the past 20 years. Illinois' curly-haired Sen. Eve rett Dirksen, a backstage power at the GOP National Committee, proposed Chicago lawyer Samuel Golan for the post. At this point, the committee got its first wire crossed and sent Go- lan's name to the White House to be named, not to the International Joint Commission, but the Interna- tional Boundary Commission. This is a different commission altoge ther, having to do, not with Can- adian-U.S. rivers and waterways, but marking and maintaining the Canadian-U.S. boundary. Not only did the GOP commit- tee pick the wrong commission, but there was no vacancy. Fur- thermore, a 1909 treaty with Can- ada specified that the post must go to a qualified engineer. A Chi- cago lawyer wouldn't do. Buffalo Backfires The White House solved the first problem by firing Chairman John Ulinski and creating a vacancy. Ulinski promptly went home to Buffalo, N. Y., took over Democrat Steven Pankow's campaign for mayor and roundly defeated the Republican candidate. Meanwhile, the White House simply ignored the 1909 treaty and appointed lawyer Golan to fill the engineering post-regardless of the treaty. All this meanwhile upset New York GOP politicos who had their eye on Ulinski's job on the boundary commission until Golan of Chicago slid into it by mistake. By this time, old Senator Stanley was forewarned that the Republi- cans were after his job on the joint commission. Snorting defi- ance, he drew up a legal brief, claiming he couldn't be fired from this quasi-judicial post. Undismayed, a host of candi- dates, includinfffaine and Ray Willi of Indiana, were running hard for the job. The one who came out on top was Idaho's Gov. Len Jordan. Under Idaho law, J o r d a n couldn't succeed himself as gover- nor and was casting about for a new job. There was always the risk that he might try for the Sen- ate, challenging Sen. Henry Dwor- shak in the GOP primary. This spurred Dworshak into hus- tling up another job for the gover- nor, and the joint commission chairmanship looked promising. To make it even more attractive, the original order, it was argued, there was no reason why President Eis- enhower couldn't revoke it. It was pointed out, however, that Ike's own Treasury Department had cited this same 1873 order re- cently to deny a customs collector appointment to Herman Grannis- on the grounds he was serving as an unpaid member of the New York State Harness Racing Com- mission. The White House finally got around its embarrassment by re- moving Governor Jordan from the joint commission 24 hours after he was installed and holding the post open for him for another six months until his term as governor expires. NOTE-Meanwhile, the 1909 treaty with Canada continues to be vio- lated by the continued appointment corresponding with an uncle stuay- ing medicine in Communist Po- land. Examination of the letters in dicated the uncle had been trying to fill the boy's head with Com- munist ideas. For these reasons, naval security officers recommend ed against commissioning Shimek. However, Secretary of the Navy Charles Thomas, making the final decision, overruled them. He felt that a baptism of publicity had been unfairly aimed at the three boys, called them to his office and apologized. He told them he hoped. they would rise above any embar- rassment caused by the publicity. At the same time the Republican Policy Committee of the Senate, headed by Senator Ferguson of Michigan, threatened to investigate the smearing of the three young men on the ground that the Navy had four years to find out all about them, and there was no need of subjecting them to unfavorable publicity just before graduation. When I queried Secretary of the Navy Thomas as to whether he knew all the facts about Shimek's visit to the Russian Embassy, he said he had all the facts, was will- ing to stand on his decision, and felt the decision had been correct. (Copyright, 1954 By The Bell Syndicate, Inc.) d 4r &tI Guatemalan Communism By J. M. ROBERTS JR. Associated Press News Analyst Communist-led counter-rebellion among the peasants outside Guate- mala City, which new officials have been unable to check so far, raises a question which is con- stantly behind the scenes of free world policy. The Reds have had several years in which to plough the ground and plant their seeds in Guatemala, and it is obvious the anti-Commu- nist coup has not wiped them out. If it should develop that a major- ity of the people in Guatemala favor communism, what would be the position of the United States? Would it be sufficient to say that these people have heen deluded by evil foreign interventionists and that they must be protected from themselves? It would not. The American people have been deluded at times, too. But they would have flown at the throats of any outsider who tried to keep them from being de- luded if they wanted to. So far, communism has never taken hold anywhere except by military force or the threat of overwhelming military force. That is why the free world has devel- oped a vast military establish- ment, refusing to believe that cold war is the only weapon Russia will use. If the people of Guatemala were to demonstrate that they are ac- tually overwhelmingly Communist indoctrinated it would challenge American diplomatic ingenuity to the extreme. There is little doubt that the United States would have to act sharply to prevent the first crum- bling away in the Western Hemi- sphere. Her long-standing policy of self- determination for peoples, the basis of its present policy of not recognizing Russian control of Eastern Europe or even of the Baltic states which are completely incorporated in the Soviet Union, would have to go by the boards. For the first time it would be necessary for her to act openly as a matter of pure self-interest, a position which she avoided even in the Mexican War. To avoid it, the new Guatemalan government must be helped to put down Communist activity now. 'Not Confined To Any Party' AT HIS press conference this week President Eisenhower re- fused to rebuke Vice President Nixon for a recent speech in which the Democrats were condemned for "the lossof China," the war in Korea and "the difficulty in Indochina." The President seemed to believe that the young Califor- nian, like the rest of us, was en- titled to free speech. He did, how- ever, stress the fact, in the cus- tomary indirect discourse, that with respect to foreign policy we must seek agreements that are not confined to any party. On the same day the bipartisan aspect of foreign policy was being emphasized by a vote in the House of Representatives authorizing a continuation of the Mutual Security Program and the expenditure of $3,368,608,000 for that program dur- ing the next fiscal year. The vote was 260 to 125. When the roll was called 141 Democrats voted for the measure and only 118 Republicans. It wouldn't have gone through with- out Democratic support. The Pres- ident is not committed to biparti- sanship in the foreign field merely as an appealing principle. He has got to have it for purely practical reasons. This is something that Mr. Nixon might bear in mind the next time he feels like making a speech. This week's vote was purely an authorization. It followed the par- liamentary procedure of Congress telling itself to appropriate money and then by a subsequent measure actually appropriating the money. However, the way now s e e m s clear. It is of interest to note that the Far East will receive only a few million dollars less for mili- tary aid than goes to Europe. It sent circumstances, shocking to observe that out of this large sum only $13 millions goes for military aid to Latin America. The Guate- malan episode has dramatized the fact that communism is a real danger in this hemisphere and that its spread may conceivably have to be prevented by the existence, if not the use, of armed force in democratic or p r o -democratic, hands. Latin America also needs far more economic aid than it is now receiving. The N. Y. Times To the Editor: I THINK Michigan residents might be interested in seeing how our two Republican Senators voted on the tax bill. Both Potterand Ferguson voted against Senator George's tax bill ammendment to increase personal income tax exemptions by $100 a year. The Senate defeated this amendment. The Michigan Senators also vot- ed in favor of the Republican sub- situte for the income tax exemp- tion amendment to the omnibus tax bill sponsored by Sen. George. The Senate rejected the substitute. -George Jarecki * * * Threat or Promise? . ... To The Editor: I READ that Senator Knowland, Republican majority Senate lead- er says he will resign from the Senate if the United Nations re- cognize Red China. This seems to me to be sufficient cause in itself for recognition of Red China. Senator Knowland, the "Senator from Formosa" has been living in a dream world for some time now. His only concern is the great past glory of his -hero, Chiang Kai-Shek. He would like to put Chiang back into power at any cost. He cannot seem to accept the fact that like it or not the Communists now' run China and this is the Uvernment with which we have to deal. Senator Knowland is also one of those Senators who cry to the galleries a b o u t "appeasement" every time the United States threatens to make a move towards a peaceful settlement of our con- flicts with Russia. One gets the impression that he would rather we all blow up to- gether for the glory of our country rather than make necessary con- Russell Replies . . . To the Editor: BEING raked over the public coals as I was in two letters in yesterday's Daily is for me a novel experience. I must admit to being a little singed, and being called a "masculinist" has some- what shaken me. Very well. I admit (I never de- nied) woman's right to full part- nership in the human race. I mere- ly specified some necessary condi- tions attaching to woman's part- nership, just as there are neces- sary conditions to man's partner- ship. If those conditions were in- terpreted as derogatory to woman- hood, I am sorry for the ambiguity of my epistolary style. If I have offended any women, I apologize. Long live the duality of the sexes! --Remington Russell For the Record . . cessions to the Reds in order to exist. I look at Senator Knowland's proclamation as a promise rather than a threat and I hope, though I know it is futile, that the U.S. takes him up on it and recognizes Red China. --Dave London Thanks . . To the Editor: I WOULD LIKE to relay to all those who participated in the Dol- lars for Sense Campaign during the spring of 1953, the sincere ap- preciation that Adlai Stevenson ex- pressed to me during his recent trip through the state. He ;greatly appreciated the $1000 that wesent to him at that time, as there were many pressing expenditures still unpaid from the 1952 campaign plus current office expenditures. I would like to remind all those residents of Michigan and Ann Ar- bor to register to vote very quickly as the deadline for the August Primary Elections is Tuesday July 6, 8 p.m. (Clerks Office in the City Hall). The government is only as good as we make it, so Join in and help. --Blue Carstenson Not Right . To The Editor: I DON'T THINK it at all right for a student newspaper of a state university to criticise a rep- resentative of that state. I refer to the editorial on Rep. Kit Clardy by Mrs. Silver. It seems very likely that Rep- resentative Clardy is no intellec- tual giant and leaves much to be desired as a member of the United States Congress. But it is not the place of The Daily i say so. What students forget so often is that the taxpayers of Michigan sup- port this University, and without that support the University would fold. It is not proper than that the students at the University of Mich- igan should criticize anything the people of Michigan do. After all it was the people of Michigan who elected Representa- tive Clardy to Congress and if he is a good enough Congressman for them then that is all that is nee- essary. --Mayer Lodes IN OUR time a clear line can be drawn between the disciple of Russian Communism and the dis- ciple of Utopian Communism. Anyone who admired the iron re- gime of Stalin has bidden fare- well to the dreams of Robert Owen and William Morris, and to the moderate Marxianism of Kautsky and the Fabians. Rus- sian Communism is at the oppo- site pole from all true liberalism. -Professor Allan Neins of Columbia University I ,1 ? I /ette'4 TO THE EDITOR The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the editors. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN p CURRENTmOVIE The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsi- bility. Publication in it is construc- tive notice to all members of the University. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3510 Administration Building before 3 p.m. the day preceding publication. SATURDAY, JULY 3, 1954 VOL. LXIV, No. 10S Notices The General Library and all the Divi- sional Libraries will be closed on Mon- day, July 5, 1954, a University holiday. University Holiday. The University will be closed Monday, July 5, in observance of Independence Day. There will be no square dancing les- sons held on Palmer Field Monday night because of the legal holiday. Square dancing lessons will continue Monday, July 12. The Art Print Loan Collection office in Room 510 Admin. Bldg. will be open Monday through Friday from 8-12 for the duration of the Summer Session. August Teacher's Certificate Candi- dates: The Teacher's Oath will be ad- ministered to all August candidates for the teacher's certificate during the week of July 6, in Room 1437 U.E.S. The office is open from 8 to 12 and 1:30 to 5. The Teacher's Oath is a requirement for the teacher's certificate. Lectures Mathematics-Education Lecture. Ver- yi Schuit, Director of Mathematics Edu- cation, Washington, D.C., will speak on Mathematics and the Needs of Youth at 3:15 p.m. on Tuesday, July 6 in Au- ditorium D of Angell Hall. She will also show slides of mathematics exhibits in recent science fairs and a filmstrip "For Teachers Only." Concerts Stanley Quartet Concert. The firstl program in the summer series of con- General Library. Women as Authors. Kelsey Museum of Archaeology.,EgpM- tian Antiquities-a loan exhibit from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. Michigan Historical Collections. The University in 1904. Museum of Art. Three Women Paint- ers. Mpseums Building, rotunda exhibit. Indian costumes of the North American plains. Events Today Intercultural Outing at Saline Valley Farms Youth Hostel. Discussion focus: "Independence and How We Attained It: American, Phillipine, Indian, and others." Leave Saturday, 10:30, 'return Monday 2 p.m. Swimming, folk dancing. $4. Sponsored by Lane Hall. Reserva- tion by Wednesday evening: NO 3-1511, ext. 2851. Coming Events Single graduate students and young people of post-college age are invited to join with the Fireside Forum group of the First Methodist Church for a picnic to a local lake on Sunday afternoon. Meet at the back of the church at 2:30 with swimming equipment. Transpor- tation and food will be taken care of by the committee. Michigan Christian Fellowship Sunday, July 4th Regular meeting at Lane Hall, 4:00 p.m. Speaker: Dr. Lewis York, Professor of Chemical Engineering will speak on "The Christian Basis of our American Government." Everyone is welcome. Monday, July 5th Picnic at Kensington Metropolitan Park. Leave Lane Hall at 10:00 a.m. Transportation and food provided. You are invited to join us for a day of fellowship and fun. For arrangements and further information call B. J. Cole at 3-1561 Ext. 3553. Conference Series for English Teach- x r T I Sixty-Fourth Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under theI authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff Dianne AuWerter...Co-Managing Editor Alice B. Silver....Co-Managing Editor At The State .. . THE HIGH AND THE MIGHTY, with John Wayne THE LONGEST and the widest picture of the current season, Ernest K. Gann's adaptation of his novel about a harrowing airplane ride, ar- rives in town this week as Warner Brothers' big- gest Cinemascope offering so far. Warners' wide- screen process is, if I am not mistaken more rec- tangular in its dimensions than Fox's, their color is a little bit different, but their taste in screen fare is about the same as ever: overwrought, sup- erficial, and loud. At their best (and this is War- ner Brothrs at its best), they can accomplish no more than a technically proficient, slick suspense one of them is somebody you have missed see- ing before. His failure to cut the passenger list has also left the film of inordinate length, all very well when a plot is going some place be- sides San Francisco with two feathered props. The technical proficiency in the picture, the real fil msense, belongs to William Wellmann, the director who has done such masterpieces as "Bat- tleground," "The Story of G. I. Joe," and the re- cently re-released gangster film, "Public Enemy." He is badly crippled by Mr. Gann's inept over- novelized screenplay with its clumsy flashbacks. He is almost crucified by Dimitri Tiomkin's musi- cal score, a percussive, pseudo-religious blare that is relived not at all by the glories of stereophonic sound. Becky Conrad.............Night Rona Friedman...........Night Wally Eberhard .....,.......Night Russ AuWerter...........Night Sue Garfield..........Women's Hanley Gurwin...........Sports Jack Horwits.....Assoc. Sports E. J7 S ith _Acp. S nt5 Editor Editor Editor Editor Editor Editor Editor 1i :. J. Om ........ Assoc. por As aJr Business Staff IF AMERICAN liberalism is not s swilling to discriminate between Dick Astrom.........Business Manager its achievements and its sins, it Lois Pollak........Circulation Manager only disarms itself before Sen- Bob Kovaks.......Advertising Manager ator McCarthy, who is eager to Telephone NO 23-24-1 have it appear that its achieve- ments are its sins. r iI