i BOOKS See Page 2 L~y It6 41P :43 t t]g z + Sa~**. Latest Deadline in the State CLOUDY VOL. LXIV, No. 10 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1954 FOUR PAGES House OK's Ike's Farm Legislation Passes Flexible Price Supports WASHINGTON (R) - A compro- mise farm bill calling for flexible price supports for major crops and arming President Eisenhower with other powers to attack the problem of mountainous surpluses was pas passed by the House Friday and sent to the Senate. Action was on a voice vote. The President didn't get all the authority he wanted to administer price supports on a sliding scale ranging from 75 to 90 per cent of parity. But the House voted 228-170 on a f, rollcall to allow the Agriculture Department to adjust its price props on a range extending from 82% to 90 per cent of parity. This was an administration - backed compromise introduced at the last minute by Rep. Harrison (R-Neb.). It effectively blocked a strong drive by farm state legisla- tors to continue supports at 90 per cent of parity through 1955. Parity is a legal standard for fixing prices on the six basic crops, wheat, cotton, corn, rice, peanuts and tobacco. Adjustments are made in relation to the cost of basic' things the farmer needs to produce his crops. Provisions Outstanding provisions in the bill include: 1. A 2% billion dollar "set aside" of surpluses from the Commodity Credit Corporation's stocks for re- lief, foreign aid, stockpile and other purposes. It. would also cut down marketable surpluses, reduc- ing the "dampening" effect of CCC stocks hanging over the market. 2. An incentive payment plan for wool growers, permitting the secretary of agriculture to support wool prices as high as 110 per cent of parity to encourage pro- duction closer to the level of do- mestic requirements. 3. A hike in price supports for dairy proouics from thi present floor of 75 per cent of parity to 80 per cent. The increase would be effective until next April 1. This section of the bill also contains authority for direct subsidies to butter producers and processors r to encourage disposal of dairy sur- pluses. But the big issue in the legisla- tion was flexible price supports. The administration argues that a sliding scale would tend to slow down the accumulation of sur- pluses-,-6% billion dollars worth- which are now bulging out of gov- ernment warehouses. The idea wopld be to lower sup- ports in times of plenty to dis- courage production and raise them when things are scarce to encour- age production. Those who want a continuation of high, rigid levels contend that the President's program, coming on the heels of a 13 per cent ce- cline in farm prices during the past year, would be ruinous to agriculture. Advocates of 90 per cent were confident almost to the last that they could push the high support t level through over the administra- tion's objections. On the roll call, however, 182 Republicans, 45 Democrats and one independent supported the compromise proposal. Twenty - three Republicans and 147 Demo- crats voted against it. Quake Rocks Philippines, Bored? -Daily-Mara Crozier THERE'S NOT MUCH ELSE TO LOOK AT WITHOUT FIREWORKS WORKS PLAYED : Former Students Win Composition Awards By DAVE TICE Three graduates of the Univer- sity School of Music have won sub- stantial awards for their achieve- ments in the field of composition. The three are: Donald Scavarda, Robert Cogan, and Donald Harris. Nixon Lashes At Democrats' Foreign Policy WASHINGTON WP-Vice Presi- dent Nixon charged Friday that the Truman administration left be- hind a foreign "policy of weakness, a policy of surrender of principle at the conference table." He said that Democratic plan- ners "didn't understand . . . what the Communist threat really was" and "failed to recognize that it was a world trap." The Eisenhower administration, he said, has "adopted a policy of strength-one in which our people go to the conference table*. determined not to surrender our principles but to make them pre- vail." The vice president made his sec- ond blast at Democratic planning within a week during a television interview with Rep. Keating (R- N.Y.) for stations in Rochester and Buffalo, N.Y. The program was filmed here Monday afternoon, and the text was released Friday w i t h o u t change, despite a furore overNix- on's first attack on Democratic policies. Dems Hit Back Democratic congressmen have strongly criticized him for charg- ing at Milwaukee Saturday night that the Truman-Acheson policies lost China and led to the present Asian crisis. Democrats said a bi- partisan foreign policy would be endangered if Eisenhower admin- stration men continue to makef such charges. The President told his news con- ference Wednesday that he had neither read nor cleared the Mil- waukee speech. He said he assumed Nixon was speaking on his own responsibility. Scavarda, who graduated in 1953, has won a $2,000 first prize in the Student Composers Radio Awards contest, probably the largest and most coveted award of its sort in the country. Premiere The work which won the SCRA contest was his Fantasy for Violin and Orchestra, composed while he was a student here. It will receive its premiere late this year by the Montreal Symphony Orchestra. Scavarda, who was music editor of Generation, campus literary mag- azine, for one year, has spent the past year studying at the Hoch- schule fur Musik in Hamburg on a Fulbright scholarship. Cogan, a graduate of 1952, has been awarded one of the two 1954 Chopin Scholarships, in the amount of $1,000. It has also been announced that famed conductor Leopold Stokowski will perform his Fantasia for Orchestra with the Cleveland Symphony sometime this year. Cogan composed this work while a student at the Uni- versity, and it received its first performance in 1951 by the Uni- versity Symphony Orchestra di- rected by Wayne Dunlap. Fantasia The Fantasia also received an honorable mention and publica- tion in the SCRA contest of 1953. Cogan was awarded a Fulbright scholarship for one year's study in Brussels, 1952-53, and on return- ing to the U.S. did postgraduate work at Princeton, where he has received a teaching assistantship. Harris' ballet score, "The Leg- end of John Henry," has received a $500 cash prize and a perform- ance, awarded by the Louisville' Philharmonic Orchestra. The work will also be performed in Cincin- nati this month at a national con- vention of Phi Mu Alpha, music fraternity. The Cincinnati performance will be with University dance students, and will be under the direction of Thor Johnson. The ballet, with ichoreography by Robin Squier, '54 LSA, was first performed last, winter, with music directed by3 Richard Thurston, '54M. It was also performed on the Senator Asks Review of U.S. Policies Johnson Warns On Red China WASHINGTON (P) -- Strong pressure for a reappraisal of Amer- ican foreign policy developed in the Senate Friday, with members of both parties expressing uneasi- ness about the course of world events. "Our basic foreign policy is at the crossroads," Sen. Lyndon John- son of Texas, the Democratic lead- er, declared. He told the Senate the Ameri- can people will refuse to support the United Nations if Communist China becomes a member. "The American people want no appeasement of the Communists," Johnson said. The Eisenhower administration has taken a stand against U.N. membership for the Red Chinese, but Johnson and Sen. Knowland of California, Republican leader, say some of American's allies are en- couraging admission of the Reds. New Direction It may be necessary to "start out in a new direction" on foreign pol- icy, Johnson said, and in any event the nation must decide "what we will defend, where we will defend it, and how we will defend it." The deteriorating situation in Indochina is one cause for con- gressional concern. Only Friday the StatedDepartment reported it has asked France to explain a withdrawal of French forces which has left about 60 per cent of the rich Red River Delta in Indochina in Communist hands. Many senators are determined to block Red China's admission to the UN as long as possible. But there were two schools of thought about the course the United States should take if China gets in. Sen. Morse (Independent-Ore.) said Friday, however, that this was an attitude of, "If I can't have my way, I'll pick up my marbles and go home." Such an attitude, he went on, would turn the world against this country and probably start World War III. U.S. Starts Suit Against iited Fruit WASHINGTON ()-The feder- al government filed an anti-trust suit, yesterday, designed to break up United Fruit Co.'s banana em- pire and, incidentally, to spike Communist propaganda guns in Guatemala and the rest of Latin' America. The Justice Department an- nounced the suit- - a scant 48 hours after Secretary of State Dulles had declared the Commu- nists were trying to "obscure the real issue" of Communist imperi- alism in Central America, by charging that the United States is only interested in protecting American business.1 Atty. Gen. Brownell announced that the suit, charging United I Fruit with monopolizing and re- straining trade in bananas, was filed in New Orleans Federal Dis- trict Court. He said it was brought under the Sherman Antitrust' Act and the Wilson Tariff Act. The action alleged the company had gained control of nearly allĀ¢ Central American land used for growing bananas. The court was asked to order United Fruit to get rid of, or di-f solve, such properties as may be necessary to "establish effective; competition in the banana indus-1 try." 4 OPPENHEIMER BOARD - The five-man Atomic Energy Commission. From left are Commission- ers Thomas E. Murray, Henry D. Smyth, Joseph Campbell, Eugene M. Zuckert and Chairman Lewis J. Strauss. Senate Approves AEC FINDINGS DISCUSSED: Faculty Views Oppenheimer Case "The Oppenheimer decision is like barring Sir Isaac Newton from government information on gravi- tation." This was history professor Pres- ton Slosson's comment on the re- cent Atomic Energy Commission ruling that physicist Robert Op- penheimer is a security risk and must be barred from government secret atomic information. Prof. Slosson went on to say "the trouble with lowering an iron curtain between Oppenheimer and atomic information is one won- ders on what side of the cur- tain there will be the more know- ledge." Physics Teachers Several members of the physics department also expressed opin- ions on the Oppenheimer case. Prof. George Uhlenbeck said he concurred in the opinion of AEC commissioner, Henry D. Smyth. Smyth cast the one dissenting vote in the Oppenheimer decision. "The reasons for finding Oppen- heimer a security risk were not convincing," Prof. Uhlenbeck com- mented. "While some students in physics might hesitate now before going into government work, I do not think it will affect their future plans very much one way or an- other," he added, Eugene Turner, also of the phy- sics department said "there is no question as to Oppenheimer's loy- Detroit Teaehers Appeal Dismissal DETROIT W)-Two former De- troit school teachers appealed to Circuit Court Friday to overrule the Board of Education's action in dismissing them for refusal to say, whether they were Communists. The pair, Harold Rosen, 41, and Sidney Graber, 32, had been under suspension since they claimed Con- stitutional privileges and refused to answer questions at recent De-1 troit hearings of a House Un- American Activities subcommittee. The Board of Education fired the two teachers Thursday night. Circuit Judge John V. Brennan set July 27 for a hearing on the petition of the teachers for rein- statement.{ Tax Bill Turns Down Overall Cuts alty but the fact that he kept see- ing Chevalier after Chevalier tried to get secrets from him was a mis- take." "For this reason I think the de- cision was a fair one," Turner ex- plained. "The charge by the Gray com- mittee that Oppenheimer didn't push hard enough for the develop- ment of the hydrogen bomb was just an excuse that was used," Prof. Cyrus Levinthal commented. "I don't think the decision was a proper one and I think a great deal of personal vengence was in- Fireworks Outlawed In Ann Arbor If the laws of the city are obey- ed Ann Arbor should enjoy a "safe and sane" Fourth of July week- end. A city ordinance passed in 1937 outlaws the use of fire-crackers. Violation of the law can mean a fine of $100 and/or 90 days in jail. No public fireworks displays are planned in the city. A display of night fireworks is scheduled for 10 p.m. Monday at Waterworks Park in Ypsilanti in connection with the American Le- gion's Fourth of July celebration. The University will be closed Monday in observance of the hol- iday. volved," Prof. Levinthal elaborat- ed. "The Oppenheimer case repre- sents a reductio ad absurdum of security proceedures," he said. Unfair Procedure Alfred Hunting, a graduate stu- dent in physics, pointed to what he called "the unfairness of the Gray committee hearings." "For example," he said, "FBI evidence was used by the commit- tee which was never given to the defense. Also, there were no new charges over the; ones brought against Oppenheimer in 1948.' Hunting added that Secretary of Defense C. E. Wilson's statement that whether Oppenheimer is a security risk or not he (Wilson) wouldn't want Oppenheimer in the government "shows quite clearly that the government was not un- prejudiced." HST's Condition Reported Good KANSAS CITY (M)-Harry S. Truman's condition was reported generally improved Friday, with his temperature, pulse and respira- tion normal. Attending physicians reported that his intestinal inflammation is quite apparent, however, but the aggravation has subsided appre- ciably. The former president has been in Research Hospital since June 20 when he underwent an emner- gency operation for removal of his gall bladder and appendix. Measure As Asked by President Douglas Move For Cuts Loses WASHINGTON (IP) - A giant bill overhauling the nation's tax structure was passed by the Senate Friday, 63 to 9, in pretty much the form that President Eisenhower asked. Just before passage, the Sen- ate rejected for the fourth time in three days a move to grant a general income-tax cut. The bill as it stands provides about $1,300,000,000 in selected tax cuts for corporations and in- dividuals, but changes no major rates. The fourth and final turndown of general tax relief was a 62-to-5 vote against a motion by Senator Douglas (D-fll.) to instruct the Finance Committee to rewrite the bill so as to give a general tax cut to persons in the middle and low income brackets. Douglas argued that the bill benefited corporations and rich individuals, but did little for oth- ers. The majority heeded the argu- ment that it was a balanced bill that corrected many inequities in present law. The Vote Fourteen Democrats and Sena- tor Morse (Ind.-Ore.) voted in favor of Douglas' proposal, with 21 Democrats and 41 Republicans, including both Michigan senators, opposing it. On the vote on final passage, the Michigan senators were among the 41 Republicans and 22 Democrats who favored the bill. Eight Demo- crats and Senator Morse voted against it. It represents the first sweeping revision of general tax legislation in 78 years. Mr. Eisenhower has called it essential to the program of his administration. A House and Senate conference committee must now get together to adjust differences between the versions passed by the two branch- es. There are numerous differences, but most of them are technical. The Senate named Senators Mil- likin (R-Cobo.), Williams (-Del.), George (D-Ga.), and Byrd (D- Va.) as its representatives in the adjusting process. Several provisions liberalized in- come-tax allowances. As passed by the Senate, the measure would alow working mothers to deduct up to $600 of expenses for child care if the fam- ily income does not exceed $4,500. Deductibles Deductible allowances for medi- cal expenses would be increased. College students would be permit- ted to earn as much -as they can without their fathers losing the $600 exemption for a dependent. Most of the benefit provisions would be effective as of Jan. 1, 1954, thus applying to returns filed in 1955. One of the big differences be- tween the House and Senate is how to treat income received from dividends. The House bill would consider the first $50 of dividend incoie tax free, and permit a taxpayer to deduct from his tax bill five per cent of his dividend income above $50 in the first year of the legisla- tion. In subsequent years the first $100 would be tax exempt and the taxpayer could deduct 10 per cent of dividend income above $100. The Senate Thursday knocked out all of this except the $50 exemption, which would be per- manent. Registration For State Primaries The final registration date for voting in the Democratic and Re- publican state primaries is Tues- day at 8 p.m. If registration is not complet- Crowds Celebrate Close ('.In c UUTu1 Um01 GUATEMALA (-Church bells clanged, firecrackers popped and Guatemalans in fiesta mood draped the streets of their capital with blue and white pennants Friday to celebrate the end of Guatemala's 2-week-old civil war. Peace came just before dawn at negotiations in neighboring El Salvador. Two rival anti-Commun- ist colonels, rebel leader Carlos Castillo Armas and Elfego H. Mon- MANILA, Saturday (M) - An The vice president named no University television station, and earthquake of great violence names in his new charges that the the kinescope was made available spread terror and destruction "previous administration" lost 600 to educational TV stations all over through the Central Philippines million people to communism. the U.S. Friday and left possibly 22 dead- in the ruins ofhweres and build- rRUSA LEM JURIST COMMENTS: Sorsogon, a provincial capital of 26,000 about 230 miles southeasti of Manila, was in ruins. The head a Lw em - ofte constalarther sadsraeli Law Resem. "20 persons are believed dead" and "property damage is enor- By RONA FRIEDMAN mous." B OAFIDA Huge cracks opened in the The will and spirit of the Israeli people has been the basic factor chain of dead volcanoes that gird in the vast progress that the young state has made, commented Sorsogon. Tremendous landslides Judge Henry Eli Baker, Relieving President of the District Court in thundred down their slopes in the Jerusalem, who has been visiting the Law School of the University valleys of the rich agricultural re- for the last few days. gion. Touring the courts, law schools and prisons of the United States taThe complete picture of devas- and Canada since April, Judge Baker has come primarily to the Uni- the istc asemergg slowly from ted States to study our legal system. mb s fk kFor Israel like the United States has a heterogeneous nonula- r S 1VI V! I"d zon, signed a peace pact estab- lishing a new five-man ruling junta pledged to stamp out com- munism. Monzon emerged as No. 1 man in the new regime, but the com- promise settlement assured him only a 15-day term. By then, the junta must choose a "permanent" chieftain, it includes Monzon, Cas- tillo, a Castillo aide and two mem- bers of the Monzon junta which preceded the new regime. There was speculation here Cas- tillo hopes to win a majority to his side in the next two weeks. Festive crowds blanketed the streets of the Guatemalan capital with flowers, and waited expect- antly for the arrival df the new junta leaders from El Salvador. Spokesmen here of the new gov- ernment-Guatemala's fourth with- in a week-held the first news conference of the regime in the mirror-lined presidential s a 1 o n. They assured the country internal Communist-led peasant uprisings were being brought under control. The new government announced 400 Comnmunists-but no leaders-j bles Ours, Judge Baker Says 5. vide a safe haven for all Jews who need it or want it. The first fun- damental law enacted was the "Law of Return," giving every Jew the right to return to Israel without any restriction. Born in Glascow, Scotland, Judge Baker lived mostly in England where he obtained law degrees at the Universities of Oxford and Lon- don, before he went to Palestine, then under British mandate, in 1933. He states his main reason for going there quite simply-"I was a Zionist." The veratile inde hay held manv varied andl iMnortant nosi.. - -*'*'-*'--~-~!.~.,; -