A PAGE TWO THE MICHIAN DAILY TUESDAY, JUNE 30, 1953 F__ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _1__ _ _ momm qCt ti4 1r-te By HARLAND BRITZ MERRY OLD ENGLAND is currently re- viewing the pros and cons of an old English tradition, capital punishment. The discussion started, as such discussions usual- ly do, after the disclosure that a man had been hanged for a murder that he might not have committed. Whenever such frustrating news is brought out, a segment of the local citizenry will undoubtedly harrangue for capital pun- ishment's abolition. The argument, of course, is that since all men are subject to error no matter how virtuous they may be, innocent men may hang and such deeds cannot be remedied. Not only do dead men fail to tell tales, they also do not accept apologies. The practicality of such an argument cannot be denied. It can only be defended by the view that there are bound to be injustices in any judicial system and that unless the injustices become extreme it is best to make the punishment fit the crime rather than take a softie attitude. When a man takes another's life, he should be prepared to give his own, this school of criminologists would say. But whether we accept one or the other of these arguments, there is more to the issue than the possibility of convicting the wrong killer. Even when the accused's guilt has been proved within a shadow of a doubt, even when the accused has issued a bona fide confession, the death penalty seems cruel and uncalled for. As the Rosenbergs prepared to die in Sing Sing's electric chair, many Americans be- gan to think seriously about this for the first time. Their death did not come quickly after their trial, as have the executions of most celebrated criminals. As their case dragged along, Americans realized the enormity of society's conception of justice, equally as much as they realized the enorm- ity of the Rosenberg's crime. The gory descriptions in the newspapers didn't help the cause of capital punishment, either. The poor Rosenberg's weren't even allowed to die in private. But no matter how men are put to death by their fellow men, the fact is that man is putting an end to a mighty crea- tion. Even if that creation has erred grossly, society is merely repeating the crime over again by executing the crim- ina-l. In the context of many of our states' and nation's criminal codes, mercy is a naive word. And yet mercy is an almost divine concept, stemming from the realization of man's nature as an imperfect creature. It was unfortunate that so much blame was thrown on the President prior to the Rosenberg's execution. The man was trying to enforce the law of the United States. It is to the law that.our attentions should be directed, not to the executives. This law which accepts the slaughter of human beings because of a vengeful con- cept of justice, is as outdated as the rack and the peine fort et dure. To change it will be difficult because of many deeply rooted conceptions of justice. For our other- wise up to date judicial system to include the medieval barbarisms of legal murder is a situation that requires the attention of our lawmakers Grade System Revision ODDLY ENOUGH, one topic which has begun to be frowned on in campus con- versation is that prominent part of the aca- demic apparatus, the grading system. Sug- gestions for its'improvement are likely to be attacked as a "encouraging competition" or "demonsrations of grade consciousness." Looking at the topic realistically, it is ob- vious that we will never return to the old "pass, conditional or fail" system, abolished here thirty or forty years ago. We've ac- commodated ourselves to the outside world, and have decided that if prospective em- ployers, graduate schools and Phi Beta Kap- pa chapters insist that we give grades, we had better go along with them. Granting the fact that we cannot, at least at the present time, eliminate grading, the sensible thing to do is to adopt a system as well suited to our needs as possible. And one of the most important of potential im- provements, long overdue in the literary college, is the addition of plus and minus ratings. Crediting pluses and minuses in our grades would help both by -eliminating tension and by giving the student a grade which would more accurately represent the quality of his work than those re- ceived under the present system. Much of our final exam tension results from the fear that a grade will be lowered if the student doesn't make quite as good a showing on the test as he might. The drop is a full grade-and either you get it or you don't. There is no way of the professor's saying "I know that you did well during the se- mester, and I will take that into account along with the fact that yo\ did poorly on the exam." A decision must be made, and either the student - gets credit for working hard all semester, or his grade goes down because he did poorly on the final. A plus-minus system would do much to eliminate the "either-or" aspect of grad- ing. The instructor could indicate both that a student's final exam grade was poor and. that his work during the semester was good, and indicate it to the person who reads the transcript as well as to the student who reads the note of condolence at the bottom of his postcard. There is no objection, of course, to the note on the postcard; if the student can- not get a B, he at least likes to know that the instructor thought well of his work. But there is no reason for his not getting credit for this good opinion. An argument sometimes used by those who condone the present system is that dur- ing the student's college career, he will re- ceive the benefit of the doubt as many times as he will lose it. However, even a little time spent at the University makes it ap- parent that students tend to develop a cer- tam degree of consistency with regard to grades. One student will, in one course after another, do B plus work, while anoth- er will stick much closer to B minuses. Adding precision to the grading system would eliminate, to a large degree, the prob- lem of the instructor who has to rate a borderline student, and must do it more- or-less arbitrarily. Since the divisions are smaller, the decision itself is both less im- portant and easier to make. One often-raised question is whether any instructor has precise enough knowledge about any student's work to rate him any more accurately than the present system does-a comment often made to oppose the Bus Ad School's system of numerical rat- ings. Here, the fact remains that we now credit him with the ability to make a much larger decision-"B or C?" While the Bus Ad School's system is, perhaps, too specific, the literary college might do well to look to Rackham, and consider the merits of their plus-minus scale. Since grades are here to stay, such thought by members of the literary college administration might do a lot to improve the reliability of grades, and thus promote in the student, a much healthier attitude towards them. -Elli Rosenthal 'WelI, We Were Just Burning A Few Books, And-" " e. N 2.S DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN jf x . 1r " rls: v Nc p!asr a'. ON THE WASHINGTON WITH DREW PEARSON YhnteI'pretih9 the 7lek' By J. M. ROBERTS JR. Associated Press News Analyst THE United States, facing a world-wide ring of delicate problems, today finds it- self surrounded by uncertainty and inef- fectiveness in practically every chancellery upon which it depends for political support. Illness had left Britain without either an active Prime Minister or foreign secretary. France was trying to get a new Cabinet going, but it was one without any vigorous program for tackling the problems which beset this major European alley. Italy's Premier De Gasperi dissolved his Cabinet. Considerable maneuvering was ex- pected before he could form a new one-if, indeed, he can. The Adenauer government of Western Germany was surrounded by pre-election uncertainties. Adenauer was under fire, along with his friends of the North Atlan- tic Alliance, particularly the United States, for having been caught unprepared for ex- ploitation of the recent anti-Communist up- rising in Eastern Germany. Japan, major strategic base for the Unit- ed States in Asia, had a relatively stable government, but was beginning to chafe openly about U.S. restrictions on trade with Red China, and was displaying considerable jitters over the prospect that the U.S. would soon call upon her to re-arm. And the most trouble of all was being Caused by one of the least of the allies- South Korea. THERE STILL can be limited wars in our world, just as there is crime in our so- ciety that la wenforcement agencies keep in check. But there cannot be total victory ex- cept at the price of total war. This man- kind does not want, and the voice of man- kind does not want, and the voice of man- kind is so pewrful that it can make itself heard even through so frail an institution as the UN. -The Reporter WASHINGTON-Winston Chur-f chill has secretly offered to give the most famous bastion of the British empire, Gibraltar, to NATO in order to bolster the de- fense of Europe. The British Prime Minister has discussed this privately with U.S. officials and is prepared to make a formal presentation of the famed British fortress at the Bermuda conference. As far as is known, the British do not plan to exact a price for Gibraltar, though it's possible certain payments will be made for the fort's installations. It's believed that Churchill will have considerable support from other British leaders because of British hostility to the proposed American hook-up with Dictator Franco of Spain. If Gibraltar be- comes a NATO base, Spanish bas- es would not be so necessary. Both the British and French have been flatly opposed to bringing Franco into the Euro- pean defense pact and also have frowned on the proposed deal whereby the United States would set up air and naval bas- es in Spain. Thanks to the powerful Span- ish lobby headed by Charles Pat- rick Clark who draws $100,000 a year from Franco, Congress has voted some $180,000,000 of aid to Spain, part of it contingent on Franco giving us bases. The Span- ish dictator, however, has been slow in coming to terms. BEHIND THE CURTAIN I N VARIOUS speeches during the election campaign, both Gen- eral Eisenhower and John Foster Dulles emphasized the importance of stirring up revolt behind the iron curtain. They were so vig- orous regarding this that at one point Adlai Stevenson expressed some differences of opinion. For more than three weeks, however, first the Czechs and later the East Germans have been staging the most violent, bitter and significant oposition to Red rule ever seen behind the iron curtain. During this time, various pro- posals have been put forward by the State Department to bolster the courage of rioting Czechs and Germans, but as of this writing they have run up against a blank wall at the White House. The Yalta pact provides for free elections among the satellite na- tions behind the iron curtain, and it would be an obvious and timely move for the United States to em- phasize this point now. We could demand, and keep on demanding that free elections be held. We also have several million tons of surplus wheat, plus ware- houses of butter and other foods. Some of them will spoil if not us- ed this year. Yet if they were us- ed appropriately in Berlin, the ef- fect on the Russians would be de- vastating. American food offered to half-starved East Berlin would be something the Russians would have a hard time refusing. If they did refuse, they would be more on the spot than ever. However, efforts to get the Department of Agriculture to move on this have failed. Meanwhile, CARE, the very ef- ficient food-distributing agency, already has limited stocks of food in near-by West Berlin. Donations through CARE is one way Ameri- cans who can't get their govern- ment to move, can do something on their own. * * job, later became Assistant Secre- tary of State, finally served as chairman of he advisory commit- tee on the Point IV program-all under the Democrats. However, Nelson never got away from the fact that he was a Republican, and during the Eisenhower campaign his fam- ily contributed $85,000 to Ike's campaign chest through the in- teresting but legal system of parlaying the money out among wives, brother and sisters. After the campaign, his uncle Winthrop Aldrich was made am- bassador to England, and Nelson himself was offered various jobs in the State Department which he turned down. Now, however, he has taken the new and somewhat obscure post of Undersecretary of Health, Education and Welfare, as top aide to Secretary Oveta Culp Hobby, only lady member Vf the cabinet. Reason for this choice is not only the fact that the Rockefeller family has done an outstanding job in medical research, but also the fact that Mrs. Hobby plans to resign from the cabinet and run for Governor of Texas. As co-owner with her husband of the Houston Post, Mrs. Hobby has a following in Texas, and would give Gov. Allan Shivers a real race. If elected, she would be the second woman governor of Texas, the first having been the famed Mrs. "Ma" Ferguson. FAIRCHILD CELEBRATION T MAY have been pure coinci- dence but one night after the Air Force canceled out Henry Kaiser's multimillion-dollar mili- tary plane contracts, Richard Bou- telle, president of Fairchild Air- craft, the company that was ol- posing Kaiser, entertained royal- ly for a big party of Air Force of- ficers and other Pentagon brass. Air Force regulation 30-30 states that no officer will "accep any favor of gratuity . . . where such favor or gratuity might in fluence" a contract. Since the party was held out in the open on the Shoreham Terrace, there cer tainly was nothing devious abou Fairchild's free-dinner gratuity Rather it looked like a big cele bration. It will be interesting t see, however, whether Fairchild now picks up all of Kaiser's can celed contracts. WASHINGTON PIPELINE WHAT JACK McCloy, forme high commissioner of Ger many, now head of the Chas Bank, Says about the policies o: Secretary of State John Foste Dulles would sizzle newsprint . - Oveta Hobby, the lady member o the cabinet is being called "Evita.' It's not because she's high-hand- ed, but she runs the equivalen department that Evita Peron ran in Argentina-Health, Education 'and Welfare . . . Joe Feeney who handled Harry Truman's con- tacts with Congress, was ap proached by Ike-advisers to help with badly snarled contacts on Capitol Hill. "Look," said Feeney "I'm a Democrat; I'm not workin for Republicans." . . . State De partment officials say their hard est personal problem is being toug with Argentina when Peron is s ably represented in Washingto by Ambassador Paz and his wif Nina . . . Frontier Magazine ha measured the space given the Re publican candidate for Mayor o Los Angeles. Norris Poulson. b The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsi- bility. Publication in it is construc- tive notice to all members of the University. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3510 Administration Building before 3 p.m. the day preceeding publication (be- fore 11 a.m. on Saturday). TUESDAY, JUNE 30, 1953 VOL. LXIII, No. 6s Notices Saturday, July 4, is an official holiday. Classes will be held as usual on Friday, July 3. EMPLOYMENT REGISTRATION A meeting will be held at 3:00 p.m. on Wednesday, July 1, in Room 25 Angell Hall, for all seniors and graduate students who are interested in regis- tering with the Bureau of Appointments now for employment either after grad- uation, after military service, or for future promotions in any of the fol- lowing fields: education, business, in- dust'ry, technical, and government. Reg- istration material will be given out at the meeting. Those students who have previously registered with the Bureau of Appoint- ments for employment and who are still on campus are requested to contact the Bureau as soon as possible at 3528 Ad- ministration Building in order to bring their records up to date. This action Is necessary for effective service. Recreational swimming - Women Students. The Intramural Pool will be open to women students for recreation- al swimming every Tuesday and Thurs- day evening at 8:15. Do you know how to play bridge? Come and learn at the League Instruc- tor: Dr. Shoenfield $3.00 for 6 lessons. If you don't know how to dance, come to the League tomorrow evening at 7:00'clock for ballroom dancing an d lessons. Just $2.50 for six lessons for men; girls are admitted free. Square Dancing, Lane Hall. Tnis eve- ning at 7:30 to 10 p.m. Everyone wel- come. Next week, July 8, 9, 10 and 11, the Department of Speech will present Max- well Anderson and Kurt Weill's delight- fully satirical musical comedy, Knick- er ocker Holiday. This popular musical uses New Amsterdam in 1647 as the setting for making fun of present day political activities. "September Song" is one of the popular tunes from Knick- erbocker Holiday. Miss Esther SchIoz, of the Detroit Public Schools and guest instructor in the Women's Physical Education Department, is creating and directing the choreography, Paul Mller, Grad. Music, is conducting the orches- tra and chorus. The entire production is under the direction of William P. Halstead of the Department of Speech. All performances are in the Lydia Men- delssohn Theatre at 8:00 p.m. Lydia Mendelssohn Box Office is op- en from 10 a.m. until 5 p.m. today. Sea- son tickets for $6.00-$4.75-$3.25 are avail- able as well as tickets for individual performances. The tickets for indivi- dual plays are $1.20-90c-60c and for the opera and musical comedy $1.50-$1.20- 90c. The Department of Speech summer play series includes The Madwoman of Chaillot, Knickerbocker Holiday, The Country Girl, Pygmalion and The Tales of Hoffman. REGISTRATION OF SOCIAL EVENTS Social events sponsored by student organizations at which both men and women are to be present must be ap- proved by the Dean of Students. Appli- cation forms and a copy of ,regulations governing these events may be secured in the Office of Student Affairs, 1020 Administration Building. Requests for approval must be submitted to that of- fice no later than noon of the Mon- day before the event is scheduled. A list of approved social events will be published in the Daily Official Bulletin r on Thursday of each week. Exchange and Guest Dinners may be held in organized student residences (operating a dining room) between 5:30 p.m. - 8 p.m. for weekday dinners and between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. for Sunday dinners. These events must be an- nounced to the Office of Student A- fairs at least one day in advance of the scheduled date. Guest chaperons are not required. Calling Hours for Women in Men' tResidences. In University Men's Resi- dence Halls, daily between 3 p.m. - 10:30 p.m.; Nelson International House, Fri- day, 8 p.m.-12 p.m.; Saturday 2:30 p.m.- S5:30 p.m. and from 8 p.m.-12 p.m.; Sun day, 1 p.m.-10:30 p.m. This privilege ap- - plies only to casual calls and not tc t planned parties. Women callers in men's residences are - restricted to the main floor of the residence. Lectures At the Conference on Functions of a Complex Variable the topics of discus- sion will be Some Extremal Problems on Riemann Surfaces at 10:00 a.m., by Mr L. Sario, and Polynomials in the Conn- plex Domain. I. Distribution of Values, by Mr. P. Rosenbloom, at 11:15. The talks will be in West Conference Room, Rackham Building. Professor Robert L Livingston of Pur- due University will speak at 10:00 o'clock this morning on The Structure of Gaseous Molecules -The lecture will be in Room 1400, Chemistry Building. Dr. George Gamow will speak this af- ternoon at 2 o-clock, in 1400 Chemistry Building, on the A,B,C of General Rela- tivity. There will be an evening semi- nar at 7:30. Dr. Allan Sandage will speak on Recent Studies of Giobular Clusters, 1400 Chemistry Building. Professor Robert H. Sherlock of the Department ofbCivil Engineering will lecture this afternoon at 4:00 o'clock in Room 311 West Engineering Building. His topic will be Meteorology and the Structural Engineer. Under the auspices of the Depart- ments of Speech and Classical Studies Dr. Robert S. C. Levens, Professor of Classics, Oxford University, will speak on The Women of Greek Tragedy, with dramatized readings by Daphne Levens, at 4:15 p.m., Auditorium A, Angell Hall. In the Linguistic Forum Dr R. B. LePage, of the University of the West Indies, will speak on The English Lan- guage Situation in the Caribbean, at 7:30 p.m., Rackham Amphitheater. For the Radiation Biology Symposium Dr. L. H. Gray (of the Radiotherapeutia Research Unit) of Hammersmith Hospi- tal, London, England, will speak on Some Characteristics of Biological Da- mage Induced by Ionizing Radiations. The lecture will be in Room 1300 Chemistry Building, at 8:00 o'clock p.m. Academic Notices Social get-together for summer ses- sion students interested in Industrial Education, this evening at 8 p.m. In the West Conference Room of the Rackham Building. Chemistry Department Seminar. Tues- day, June 30, 7:30 p.m., Room 1300, Chemistry."Mr. Joseph T. Leone will speak on "Mechanism of the Electro- reduction of Phenyl Ketones," and Mr. Arthur Nersasian will speak on "Pre- paration and Decomposition of Sym- metrical Azo-Nitriles." Doctoral Examination for William Price Brown, Mathematics; thesis: "An Algebra Related to the Orthogonal Group," Wednesday, July 1, East Coun- cil Room, Rackham Bldg., at 2:00 p.m. Acting Chairman, C. J. Nesbitt. x i (I a' Concerts r1 x: -Y IV Faculty Concert. Emil Raab, violinist, and Benning Dexter, pianist, of thea School of Music faculty, will be heard at 8:30 this evening, In the Rackham Lecture Hall. Their program will Include Beethoven's Sonata in G, Op. 96, Stra- vinsky's Duo Concertant, and Faure's Sonata in A, Op. 13. It will be open to the general public without charge. Student Recital. Nancy Wright, stu- dent of piano with Joseph Brinkman, will play a recital in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music at 8:30 Wednesday eve- ning, July 1, in the Rackham Assembly Hall. Her program will include works by Bach, Dello Joio and Chopin, and will be open to the public. Exhibitions Museum of Art. Museum collections. General Ubrary. Best sellers of the twentieth century. Kelsey Museum of Archaeology. Gill- man Collection of Antiquities of Pales' tine. Museums Building, rotunda exhibit. Modern Mexican village ceramics. Michigan Historical Collections. Micb,- igan, year-round vacation land. Clements Library. The good, the bad, the popular. Law Library. Elizabeth II and her empire. Architecture Building. Lithographs by students of the College of Architecture and Design. Coming Events La p'tite causette meets Wednesday, July 1, from 3:30 to 5:00 p.m. in the wing of the north room of the Michi- gan Union cafeteria. All students in- terested in speaking or learning to speak French informally and Faculty members interested are cordially invit- ed. Summer Session French Club: Meet- ing Thursday, July 2, at 8:00 p.m. in the Michigan League. Miss Yvonne Guers, from France will speak on "L' attitude de la jeune generation fran- caise." French songs. Games. Students and Faculty members interested are cordially invited. *PLAY, presented by the Department of Speech. The Madwoman of Chaillot, by Jean Giradoux, 8:00 p.m., Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre, Wednesdayeve- ning, July 1. .' I* r, 7 -1. FLI + MA"T"TER OF FACT+ By JOSEPH and STEWART ALSOP BEHIND THE SCENES, one of the Presi- dent's major campaign promises is get- ting its acid test. If the policy of "liberat- ing" the Soviet Union's European satellites means anything at all, this is the moment to try it. The highest policy makers in the Administration are currently engaged in a hot debate about "liberation's" meaning or lack of meaning. The near-uprising in Eastern Germany is the immediate cause of the debate. Li- berating East Germany is plainly not a practical proposition, as long as Gen. Di- brova has 200 tanks to deploy, on a couple of hours notice, to quell a single riot in Berlin. Yet the pattern of the East German disorders has made a very deep impres- sion on the White House, on Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, on the In- telligence services, and on other policy makers. What began with a phony dem- onstration in Berlin became an immensely dangerous general conflagration, involv- ing most of the important East German industrial centers. Furthermore, neither the East German people's police nor the Bereitschaften (the East German satellite army) were trusted to put out the fire. Soviet forces were used for this purpose in all cases. The spread of the disorders, the courage and depth of feeling displayed by the rioters, the total. pet government has been in a state of ob- vious confusion, with authority ill-defined and all the control machinery creaking un- der the strain. As in Germany, so in Czechoslovakia, these are the "hunger months," just before the harvest. Even for favored industrial workers food is very short. The Czech cur- rency reform has in effect condemned the whole very large Czech middle class to slow starvation. In short, all the materials are present for a major explosion. Most important of all, there are no So- viet occupation forces in Czechoslovakia to stop an explosion if it should begin. Alone among the satellites, Czechoslo- vakia does not have the Red army on its back. Finally, the means are quite prob- ably available to the West, to touch off a Czech explosion if this is considered desirable. An active underground is known to exist. The country has many listeners to the various radios, overt and clandestine, that are beamed to the satel- lite area. The right kind of encourage- ment by simple radio propaganda might well cause a full-scale explosion to occur overnight. There is one grave difficulty, however. Gottwald's cringing successor, Antonin Za- potocky, would almost certainly "invite" the Red army to return to Czechoslovakia, and to "defend the people's democracy against Western provocateurs." It is also almost certain that the Red army would accept the expert on psychological warfare, C. D. Jack- son, would take the considerable risk of giving full encouragement to the present satellite unrest. According to report, the liberators argue that the satellite resistance movements must take their chance, and that forcing the Red army to move, into Czechoslovakia for instance, will amount to a major victory in the cold war in any case. Those who remember Gen. Bor make the obvious reply, that it is both short-sight- ed and cold-blooded to give encourage- ment to the satellite resistance groups, unless we are prepared to come to their rescue. But being prepared to come to their rescue of course means being pre- pared to risk a war. Whatever its outcome, this debate among the policy makers indicates a melancholy fact. Stalin's death and its sequels have offered the West the kind of opportunity that will not come again. The President, the Secretary of State, and every other po- licy maker in our government is aware that if and when the new masters of the Kremlin bring their empire back under full con- trol, the danger to the West will continuous- ly increase. They have the papers before them, showing the increase of the Soviet's atomic stockpile, the curve of Soviet arma- ment build-up, and so on. As yet, however, only feebleness and in- decision have been shown in the face of the present opportunity and the future dan- p. D r e f r f t n - n 9 h a n 'e .s if y Xettepj4 TO THE EDITOR Old and New . . To the Editor: .I ii The Old.. . "0 NE OF the long standing tra- ditions of the Union is that no woman can enter by the front door, but must use the north en- trance. This tradition was broken last year during the panty-raid, SixtyThird Year but since then only occasionally Edited and managed by students of by some uninformed coed." I am the University of Michigan under the an informed coed, therefore I use authority of the Board in Control of the front door of the Union. Un- Student Publications. fortunately there are still a few uninformed coeds who use the side Editorial Staf door, but I am hoping that they Dckna L i........ pno gEditor will soon join the ranks of the in- Becky Conrad...........Night Editor formed. Gayle Greene..............Night Editor And the New Pat Roelofs.. .........Night Editor And the New ...Fran Sheldon.. :. ......... Night. Editor The new tradition is located in the center of the diag. It is an Business Staff ugly combination of bronze and Bob Miller.........Business Manager blue concrete, specially construct- Dick Alstrom..... Circulation Manager .,. . ._ . u. _ Dick Nyberg.........Finance Manager