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VOL. LXII, No. 33-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, AUGUST 6, 1953

FOUR PAGES

E. German
Desertions
BeginAnew
Trainmen Hurt
Food Blockade
BERLIN-(P)-A new wave of
mass desertions hit East Ger-
many's Red Wehrmacht yesterday
and thousands of Soviet zone rail-
waymen started to sabotage the
Communist blockade of American
food relief.
Twenty armed soldiers and 17
People's Police escaped to West
Germany.
RAILWAYMEN in Russian-oc-
cupied Brandenburg engaged in
wholesale violation of the decree
against relief travel to Berlin, al-
lowing 40,000 to slip into the city.
The total of U. S.-financed
food packages given away in 10
days reached 1,570,000. There
were 125,000 handed out yester-
day, about half to zonal resi-
dents and the remainder to East
Berliners.
Bitterly fed up with Communist
terror, the deserting soldiers and
police turned in their khaki and
blue uniforms to Western authori-
ties. They were given civilian dress,
and a promise of resettlement in
the Bonn republic.
* *
THEY TOLD Allied Intelligence
officers of widespread discontent
in the East German armed forces,
growing daily as they had to carry
on with repressive measures
against the hungry people.
It was the largest mass flight
since June 24, when 46 soldiers
and policemen asked for politi-
cal refuge in a single day, their
morale brken by the East Ger-
man revolt a week earlier. A total
of 1,675 troops and 880 police
2,555 in all--have deserted to
West Berlin since Jan. 1.
The railway ban sabotage was
carried out virtually under the
nose of Premier Otto Grotewohl's
government, which continued to
brand all relief applicants "West-
ern spies" and to stage scare trials
of those caught last week.
* * *9
"THOSE WHO take American
food will die of it," the Communist
Central Committee repeatedly
warned by radio yesterday.
Allied High Commission reports
said East Germany's largest indus-
tries, smoldering with workers' dis-.
content, are so heavily policed and
so strongly infiltrated with Com-
munist spies that open strikes ap-
parently are out of the question.
But passive slowdowns are contin-
uing to alarm Communist authori-
ties.
Biggest Soviet
Budget Given
To Parliament
MOSCOW--(P)-Premier Geor-
gi M. Malenkov's government pre-
sented to the Supreme Soviet Par-
. liament last night the biggest bud-
get in the history of the U.S.S.R.
More than one fifth of the half-
trillion ruble budget is earmarked
specifiically for the armed forces.

Finance Minister Arseny Zverev
told a joint.session of the Supreme
Soviet 1953 expenditures would be
5302 billion rubles. Of this armed
forces expenditures are listed at
110,200,000,000 rubles. This would
indicate a decrease of 3,060,000,000
rubles from the 1952 armed forces

U.S. SaysSoviet
Offer Unclear
Officials Dissect Counter-Terms;
France, Britain To Be Consulted
WASHINGTON-)-United States officials began digging into
Russia's counter proposal for a Big-Four meeting yesterday with the
caution of men dismantling a booby trap.
The State Department announced that the Soviet response to a
Western bid issued July 15 for a conference on German unification
appeared to leave the way open. But privately officials said the Soviet
note was so clouded by outside issues-including the potentially ex-
plosive issue of Western relations with Red China-that they could not
say right away what would be done about it.
THE AMERICAN announcement did make clear that the British

S

venty Americans I
In Second Prisoner

teturned
xchange

Korea-U.S.


"

* s *

* * *
Sketiis

Oand French Offices would be con-
sulted before a reply is sent to
Moscow.


Meets Red's
Acceptance
LONDON-(P)--Russia's condi-
tional acceptance of Western pro-
posals for a Big Four foreign min-
isters meeting got a mixed recep-
tion in non-Communist Europe to-
night.
The British foreign office re-
ceived the Russian reply cautious-
ly. French Foreign Minister
Georges Bidault saw it as "only
slight encouragement."
Newspaper comment in West
Germany and semi-offioial com-
ment in Austria showed disap-
pointment.
Britain, France and the UnitedI
States invited Russia last month
to a foreign ministers conference
in the fall aimed at settling con-
ditions for electing an all-German
government and completing the
long-stalled Austrian independ-
ence treaty.
The Russian reply, handed to
Western representatives in Mos-
cow Tuesday, conditionally accept-
ed the conference idea, but sug-
gested a wider agenda than the
West had in mind and expressed
belief the German problem should
be dealt with before Austria be
taken up.
The British Foreign Ministry is-
sued a statement saying:
"The Soviet reply has not re-
jected the proposal for a confer-
ence of foreign ministers.
"It is to that extent to be wel-
comed, but the character of the
conversations now suggested dif-
fers so widely from those proposed
by the Western powers that the
Soviet reply requires a full exam-
ination before any considered
comment can be made."
In Paris, Bidault took a similar
line. He told the French cabinet
the reply must be studied care-
fully before a final judgment is
made.
West German Chancellor Kon-
rad Adenauer said there are con-
siderable risks in the Soviet pro-
posal for four-power talks with-
out a definite agenda, but he hoped
the Big Four would meet to dis-
cuss the problem of divided Ger-
many.
In an interview broadcast from
Bonn by the northwest German
radio, Adenauer expressed a con-
viction the Western powers will
not reply to the Russian proposals
without first consulting his govern-
ment.
He said the participation of Red
China in the settlement of the
German problem was "out of the
question."

I

On more familiar ground-a
diplomatic exchange over the
shooting down of an American
bomber by Soviet fighter planes
---ie United States struck out
sharply at Soviet denials of re-
sponsibility for the crash of a
B50 plane July 29.
The United States demanded
compensation for the loss of the
plane and the lives of any crew-
men lost. Saying the plane was
downed 40 miles off Siberia, it re-
fused to accept Soviet claims that
no survivors had been picked up
by Red vessels.
IT NOTED that a dozen Soviet
speed boats were seen in the vi-
cinity and it demanded that the
Russians make another inquiry
concerning survivors.
A new U. S. note on the air-
craft incident was delivered to
the Soviet Foreign Office by the
American Embassy at Moscow
yesterday.
The two developments illustrat-
ed the bitterness of the cold war
conflict in which the great pow-
ers are still fully involved even
while they maneuver suspiciously
to see whether agreements on some
issues are possible.
* * *
THE SITUATION on Germany
is substantially this:
Efforts of the United States,
Britain, France and Russia to uni-
fy the defeated World War II ene-
my broke down in 1947. Both sides
have recognized that Germany is
probably the most critical area at
issue between them.
On July 15 after A meeting of
the Big Three Western foreign
ministers here the Western Pow-
ers proposed to Russia another
foreign ministers conference on
unifying Germany.
The Russian reaction in Tues-
day night's note afforded little new
information on Soviet intentions.
The Reds said it would be a good
idea to get together and talk about
German unity and a German peace
treaty.
Parsons Talk
SlatedToday
Prof. Talcott Parsons, Chairman
of the Department of Social Rela-
tions at Harvard University, will
speak on "The American Family"
at 4:15 p.m. today in Auditorium
D, Angell Hall.
Prof. Parsons, who holds de-
grees from the London School of
Economics and Amherst College
is at present on a sabattical'
leave from Harvard and will spend
the coming academic year in Eng-
land as a visiting Professor of So-
cial Theory at the University of
Cambridge.
There will be an open discussion
of his lecture at 8 p.m. today in
the West Conference Room of the
Rackham Bldg.

I

Pact Nears
Agreement
By The Associated Press
SEOUL-Top aides of U. S. Sec-
retary of State Dulles and Presi-
dent Syngman Rhee yesterday
were reported nearing agreement
on a U. S.-Korea mutual security
pact.
The two statesmen conferred at
Rhee's mansion at 7 p.m., yester-
day for their second meeting in
two days on vital postarmistice
problems and a common course
for the forthcoming Korean polit-
ical conference.
THEIR TALKS already were re-
ported to have,prodced consider-
able progress toward a security
treaty and there were indications
that accord would be reached be-
fore Dulles departs for Washing-
ton Saturday.
Discussion of Rhee's long-
sought goal of Korean unifica-
tion was by-passed in Tues-
day's opening conference-a ses-
sion which Dulles said "went
very well."
In yesterday's session, which
lasted two hours, Dulles and Rhee
were said to have agreed to seek
the opening of the Korean peace
conference sometime in the first
half of .October.
* * *
RHEE HAD demanded the se-
curity treaty as one of his condi-
tions for going along with the
Korean armistice.
The treaty would call on the
United States to come to the aid
of South Korea in the event of a
new Communist attack.
Clergyman Probe
To Be Resumed
EAST LANSING - (A) - Rep.
Kit Clardy (R-Mich) said today
that the Rev. Jack McMichael of
Upper Lakes, Calif., will be called
back before the House Un-Ameri-
can Activities Committee.
In an interview on Michigan
State College's radio station
WKAR, Clardy said he was not
satisfied with the Methodist min-
ister's testimony at a recent hear-
ing in Washington on alleged
Communist infiltration into the
Protestant clergy.
Big Puzzle
TAMPA - (P) - The Navy
launched a $500,000 something
here yesterday but wouldn't say
what it was.
Reporters were- allowed to
describe the object as huge and
cigar-shaped. They said it was
launched by rolling it into the
water.
About all newsmen could gt
from Cmdr. J. A. McDonough,
resident supervisor for navy
shipbuilding in the Tampa Bay
area, was:
"It's a special design and
construction for experimental
purposes."
He added that the cost was
"about $500,000."
Nevertheless the thing was
launched with appropriate cer-
emonies, the smashing of a
bottle of champagne on its
side.

I

HOMEWARD BOUND - Pvt. Frankie Dobbins of Anson, Texas, among the first 76 Americans to be
repatriated at Panmunjom under armistice terms, is loaded into an ambulance for trip to Freedom
Village at nearby Munson.
4? * * * *

Plane Crash
Takes Lives
In Atlantic
LONDON - (P) - Rescue planes
and ships circled endlessly early
today through thick fog hanging
over the icy North Atlantic where
four survivors of a downed 10-
engined U.S. B36 reconnaissance
bomber have been picked up.
Survisors and the bodies of two
who died in yesterday's fiery dawn
crash were aboard the British
freighter Manchester Shipper, 7-
636-tons, headed for an English
port. The French trawler Madalina
picked up a third body.
* . A
THE U.S. Air Force said four
survivors have been picked up so
far.
The names of three of the four
survivors and the two dead air-
men picked up after the crash
were released last night.
The dead included S. Sgt.
Robert E. Yoeman, 28, gunner,
Buchanan, Mich.
More than 20 U.S. planes were
poised on British airfields ready to
take off at dawn to join the other
units which kept up the search
through the stormy night.
THE PLANE was carrying 23
men to Britain from Travis Air
Force Base, Calif., on a training
mission when it was stricken be-
fore dawn. Seventeen remained
unaccounted for.
A vast international air-sea
armada raced through mounting
seas to reach other possible sur-
vivors. The search centered 477
miles west of Shannon, Ireland,
where American search planes
earlier reported sighting a raft
with five men aboard, four of
them "waving like made."
The rescue planes circled low
and parachuted life rafts and sup-
plies to the raft. But seaplanes
could not land because of the
heavy seas.
THE SEARCH, one of the great-
est in the Atlantic's history, went
on in the wind and rain-torn dark-
ness. Near gales whipped waves
high as a house.
The Manchester Shipper, a
veteran of other daring sea res-
cues, was the first of scores of
ships from more than six na-
tions to reach the crash area.
She radioed that one of the sur-
vivors was in fairly good condi-
tion, although suffering from ex-
posure. A second was suffering
from shock and a damaged arm
and a third airman was reported
"badly shocked."
Writing Contest
ClosesToday
The famed Avery Hopwood con-
tests offering prizes to talented lit-
erary students is holding its 15th

'Operation
Big Switch'
Continuing
Malnutrition, TB
Amnong Soldiers
PANMUNJOM - (R) - Anoth-
er 392 Allied prisoners, 70 of them
Americans, came back to freedom
yesterday amid mounting fears for
the health and safety of thousands
still in Red compounds.
The second exchange of prison-
ers in "Operation Big Switch" be
gan at 6 p.m. last night at this
truce town.
THE COMMUNISTS promised
to deliver 70 more Americans, 250
South Koreans, 25 British, 10 Fil-
and 25 Turks-8 less than the daily
400 quota the Reds agree to send
back. There was no explanation.
for the shortage.
Within the next five weeks
about 87,000 men-12,000 Allied
and 74,000 Communist-will re-
turn to their own sides.
The first 400 freed yesterday in
the initial exchange included many
in poor physical condition. Yet
many waved, grinned broadly, gave
loud shouts and even wept with joy
when Communist trucks and am-
bulances brought them within
sight of freedom.
* * *
AN AMERICAN senior medical
officer said about 20 percent of
the returned men suffered from
tuberculosis or other lung ailments.
A U.S. medical officer said some
may not recover. Many suffered
from malnutrition.
They brought restrained but
disquieting accounts from Red
Korea including word of a Com-
munist trial in which an Ameri-
can lieutenant-colonel wassen-
tenced a few days ago to an-
other year of imprisonment for
"instigating against peace" and
other .liigh officers were given
sentences on the same charge.
The United Nations Command
protested strongly against unruly
demonstrations by Communist
prisoners being delivered to Red
reception officials.
The Communists have been rip-
ping up and discarding newly-is-
sued clothing, shouting insults
and punching Allied personnel.
AT THE PORT of Inchon, near
Seoul, the big Navy transport Gen.
Nelson M. Walker, awaited the
first load of able bodied Americans
for return to San Francisco.
Aboard were 14,000 pounds of
fresh stores, including milk, fruit,
vegetables and meat.
As yet there was no word of
Maj.( Gen. William F. Dean, the
highest ranking American in
Communist hands. Presumably
the former 24th Division com-
mander was with other Allied
prisoners about to be moved
southward.
Even while the first dramatic ex-
change clicked off on precise, mil-
itary schedule, members of the
Military Armistice Commission
were meeting in the truce con-
ference hut where the armistice
was signed 10 days ago. Red and
Allied generals were keeping the
truce machinery in gear.
Lawyers Vote
For Modified
Missouri Plan'

LANSING - (') -- Michigan's
lawyers have voted in favor of a
modified "Missouri plan" for se-
lecting new jud'ges, the State Bar
of Michigan reported yesterday.
The favorable vote was the go
ahead for the bar's board of com-
missioners to start an educational
program leading to the proposal
for a constitutional amendment to
put the plan into effect.
Under the "Missouri Plan," a
commission of judges, lawyers and
laymen would nominate three can-

OPERATION "BIG SWITCH"-This was the general scene at
Panmunjom as the first truckload of UN prisoners of war unload
from a Communist truck to start "Big Switch" in which more than
3,000 American prisoners will be released under terms of the Ko-
rean armistice.
Moviemen Miss Chances
On T V MacGowan Says

,

outlay.

The Soviet Union values the ru-
ble at four to the dollar. This
would mean in dollar equivalents
a budget of 132% billion dollars,
of which more than 27% billion
dollars would be , for the armed
forces.
This is not necssarily the whole
Soviet defense budget picture, how-
ever. Western authorities say So-
viet official budgetary expendi-
tudes for the military fail to in-
clude all military expenses.
As revised last May, the total
United States spending in the pe-
riod ended June 30 totaled just
over 741/2 billion dollars.

AWAY FROM REALISM:
MacGowan Tells of Theater Trends

Motion picture people should
have gotten in on the ground floor
in television, Prof. Kenneth Mac-
Gowan of the theater arts depart-
ment of UCLA declared yesterday.
World .News
Roundup
By The Associated Press
BONN, Germany-The foreign
ministers of six West European
nations convene in Baden Baden
today to review-and possibly ap-
prove-the blue-print for a Euro-
pean union and to discuss the
whole range of East-West prob-
lems.
* * *
HANOI,. Indochina - Gen.
Henri Eugene Navarre, com-
mander in chief of French Un-
ion forces in Indochina, yester-
day said he did not think Com-
munist China ever could attack
this country without risking
World War III.
LANSING -- The Percy Jones
Hospital at Battle Creek may be-
come a state mental institution.
Rep. Harry J. Phillips (R-
Port Huron)said he would in-
vestigate the advisability of the
state anroaching the federal

Speaking at the tenth popular
arts lecture of the summer, Prof.,
MacGowan explained "Hollywood
cut its own throat, letting radio
initiate TV." Radiomen are famil-
iar only with sound as separated
from sight, he said.
* * *
SAVING GRACES for movie1
theaters are the "uniformed but-
lers who see you to a seat, luxur-
ious restrooms unlike any average
bathroom and the desire for an
evening on the town," the former
film producer noted.
The movie industry works on
the premise of, "whatthe pub-
lic liked yesterday, it wants:to-
morrow," according to Prof.
MacGowan.
The popularity of Cinerama
scared Hollywood into 3-D, he
explained, even though the history
of films with polaroid glasses dates
back to the '30's. And then the
slightly-curved screen of cinema-
scope came into existence, which
MacGowan predicts will replace
either of the other forms because
of its relative cheapness.
ONE OF THE characteristicsj
peculiar to movies, according to
Prof. MacGowan, is the cutting
and editing of a film.
Known as the grammar of the
film, cutting shows the relation-

n

By BECKY CONRAD
Terming New York theaters
"boarding houses where a pro-
duction company rents a room
which is the theater," Prof. Ken-
neth MacGowan of the theater
arts department of UCLA advo-
cated a national repertory theater
instead.
Hecited two possible forms of
theater for theaUnited States. The
first might be a permanent reper-
tory company in New York en-
dowed privately or by the govern-

out their plays, the former
Broadway producer noted.
"Trends in playwriting now aim
away from realism," MacGowan
said. "Yet they are not impression-
istic, romantic or classic," he ex-
plained, "Instead plays now deal
with people, but do it in a free
form."
A FORMER editor of "Theater
Arts," MacGowan remarked mod-
ern dramas "transcend barriers of

MULTI-AUTHORED film scripts
lead to a loss of the writer's per-
sonality and integrity, the former
movie and stage producer ex-
plained.
Movies, on the other hand,
have "a breadth of scale--a
wide-spread sweep of screenand
an intimacy attained through
close-up shots," according to
Prof. MacGowan.
As a producer for one Holly-

However, onessiona l ain j