PRE-CONVENTION ISSUE See Page 2. Latest Deadline in the State ~Iait1i HOT AND HUMID VOL. LXII, No. 190 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, JULY 20, 1952 FOUR PAGES c * * * * * , * * * HISTORY SHOWS: Democrat Party Policy Changed By HARRY LUNN With its origins in the 19th century party of the "underdog," the modern Democratic Party has become the self-appointed cham- pion of the "forgotten man." At every anniversary banquet or rally, orators glowingly relate how the Democrats evolved from the Jeffersonian Republican Party which had arisen in defense of the ordinary citizen against the aris- tocratic interests behind the Federalist Party. HERE THE RESEMBLANCE between Jefferson and present day Democrats ceases, for the third president was a firm believer that "the least government is the best government." Indeed, he criticized the Federalists under Washington and John Adams for spending too much money and recommending too extensive government projects. Following the two terms of Jefferson which lasted from 1800 to 1808, came a series of chief executives who either carried through the Jeffersonian theories on government or moderately returned to the Federalist tradition. During the 1820's the various splinter groups sought alignment among themselves. In 1824 the austere John Quincy Adams became president after a particularly bitter election which was ultimately decided by the House of Representatives. Democrat Andrew Jackson had a plurality of electoral votes in that election, but Adams was selected by the House. His term was punctuated by constant attacks from. the Jackson forces and his political dealings were not terribly astute. THE RESULT WAS AN overwhelming victory for Jackson in 1828 In which the common people rallied around the popular hero of the War of 1812. America had elected its first real man of the people. Jackson himself served two terms in The White House, and his successor, Martin Van Buren, was president for one term. Unfor- tunately for the party, Jackson's banking policies helped contribute to a serious depression in the late 1830's. THE RIVAL Whig Party capitalized on the economic crisis, run- ning a popular way, hero William Henry Harrison who easily beat Van Buren ir4 1840. Harrison died after serving only a few months and his post was taken over by John Tyler who some people thought turned out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig. Tyler had the pleasure -of seeing himself burned in effigy outside the White House on several occasions, and in 1844 the Democrats came back in again with James K. Polk. With slavery becoming a burning issue, party leadership switched back and forth until the "radical" Republicans rode in with Lincoln in 1860. These were the darkest days for the Democrats - they were Steel Peace Talk Called By Steelman HST Demands Strike Settlement WASHINGTON - (3) - Philip. Murray, president of the striking CIO steelworkers, and chief ex- ecutives of the steel industry agreed to make another joint peace effort today under prodding from the White House. In a carefully worded state- ment, John R. Steelman, top mob- ilization official, announced the two sides would "make a further effort to reach agreement." Au- thoritative government sources said Steelman had explicit assur- ances from both Murray and in- dustry that the meeting, set for 10 a.m. EST in Pittsburgh, would be more than token-that a gen- uine effort would be made to end the 48-day strike. * * * MR. TRUMAN yesterday pinned blame for the 48-day tie-up on steel management alone, saying it has spurned the Government's of- fer of price increases "well in ex- cess" of those required by law or justified by the wages sought by the United Steelworkers (CIO). The peace appeal came in the President's midyear economic messages to Congress-to a Con- gress not in session and there- for unable, even if willing, to reopen the mills by passing tle new seizure law which Mr. Tru- man has asked. "The only practical method now open for the steel dispute is bar- gaining between the parties," the message said. "I have continu- ously urged that the parties recog- nize the emergency confronting the natiot. "It is imperative that the par- ties settle their differences im- mediately, and resume the pro- duction of steel-the loss of which is now causing such great damage to the national defense and to the civilian economy." . The steel crisis shadowed an otherwise glowing report on the nations economic health. Even while carrying the defense bur- den, the President said, "our bus- iness system has been doing bet- ter and our people have been liv- ing better than ever before." He painted this picture: 1-By 1960 national output can be lifted another $100,000,000,000 above the present rate of $340,- 000,000,000. Four million civilian workers can be added to the 62,- 500,000 now holding jobs. 2-A depression, which some fear when arms spending is cut, is "avoidable;" the proof, he said, is in the record of steady growth since World War II. YESTERDAY'S SCORES National League Brooklyn 9, Pittsgurgh 1 Philadelphia 7, Cincinnati 3 Chicago 3, New York 0 American League Philadelphia 5, Detroit 4 New York 4, Chicago 2 Cleveland 4, Boston 0 Delegate Battles Approach Climax CHICAGO-(N)--Democratic aspirants leaped at last yesterday into a frenzied, full-scale scramble for the party presidential nomi- nation. Some gossip and guessing had it that President Truman's alter- nate at the Democratic National Convention opening tomorrow might vote for Averell Harriman on the first ballot. Other unofficial prophets felt, though, that Vice President Barkley was building up strength on the basis of his long party record, and that the White House nod might go to him. * * * * HARRIMAN, Barkley and the others-Senators Richard Russell, Estes Kefagver and Robert S. Kerr-pulled off the wraps and went * ** "* ' 'to work in earnest as convention CHICAGO BOUND-One of the members of the g rass roots movement which is reportedly going to sweep the Democratic Convention paused briefly i n Ann Arbor yesterday. Hampered by the high cost of living, he plans to bed down in a Chica go municipal park. * * * * * * * * Democrats' Congenial A ir Fills Hilton I a By DONNA HENDLEMAN Special To The Daily CHICAGO-No sparks are fly- ing between the Democrats at the Conrad Hilton Hotel-so far. With the convention due to be- gin tomorrow, Coonskin Cappers, Harrimanites, Stevensonians and even Dixiecrat Russelmen seem II 'JudgeOK's Tax Question For Ballot The controversial 10 per cent amusement tax proposed by local officials may legally be placed on the Aug. 5 primary election ballot, according to a decision by Circuit Judge Archie D. McDonald. The ruling, made Friday, re- jected the claim of Butterfield Theatres, Inc. that the Aug., 5 tax proposal was essentially the same measure that had been defeated April 7, when the city had asked general authority to levy excise taxes, including an amusement tax. THE THEATRE firm had filed suit against Ann Arbor, asking an injunction to prevent the question from appering on the Aug. 5 bal- lot. R Butterfield had cited a state law prohibiting a municipality from submitting the same pro- position on the ballot within two years of its defeat at the polls. The .attorneys for the theatres may appeal Judge McDonald's de- cision to the Michigan Supreme Court. The Judge's statement upheld the city's claim that the present proposal is different in that it seeks specific authority to impose a 10 per cent tax on entertainment of 26 cents or more, and that it does not ask additional authority to levy future excise taxes. tolerant and actually friendly with each other. THE ATMOSPHERE this con- genial crowd provides is in direct contrast to feeling the Republicans provided here just two weeks ago when the air was tense with bit- terness. Although none of the party workers seem to expect their conclave to build up to such a point, harried Hilton employees are wary. "They haven't started yet - they'll probably become just as bad," they moan. Meanwhile, activity is gaining steady momentum in the various headquarters where hundreds of loyal Democrats have taken over with all the flurry and color of their Republican rivals. * * * UNDOUBTEDLY the most live- ly spot is the eleventh floor where Averill Harriman's forces have moved in on the heels of the Re- publican's choice, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower. With an occasional Short Truce MeetingHeld MUNSAN, Sunday, July 20-r3P) --Allied and Red armistice nego- tiators today held their shortest meeting since secret sessions be- gan July 4. It lasted just 12 min- utes. The negotiators agreed to meet again tomorrow. There was no indication of a possible break in the critical dead- lock over prisoner exchange. At a liaison meeting earlier to- day the Reds accused the United Nations command of using prison- ers of war as spies. The charge was contained in a letter from Gen. Nam Il, Senior Red delegate, to Maj. Gen. Wil- liam K. Harrison, top Allied nego- tiator. brass band, a lot of curious, some official people and a' peppy bunch of lovely ladies handing out the buttons, the floor is continually busy. More languid is Sen. Richard Russel's ninth floor domain. Biggest attraction there, besides a big 'labor is safe with Russel' sign, are sone flowing southern accents attached to a crew of Russelettes. Kefauver coonskins are flying around the lobby and occasionally they can be spotted outside the Hilton. Vice-President A 1 b e n Barkley's headquarters takes the prize for the most quiet. When last seen, it was not-too-full of elder people. Away from the main glitter of the convention, Chicago proper seems to have soaked in little of the excitement of the party head- quarters. Among the natives, the general feeling seems to be, "more of the same-but not so exciting," and few buttons or exhibits have appeared on the streets as they did before the Republican fracas. AS FOR politics-the field is still wide open, and although the paid help on all the staffs pro- claim that their jobs will last till November, even the observer can tell there is nothing resembling real confidence in any quarters. While Republicans in both major cliques were quick to say they would win-the Deniocrats spend their time telling the visi- tors their candidates should win. And despite Governor Adlai Stevenson's noncommital stand, some informed sources insist that the draft Stevenson movement is gaining momentum. "There is a definite grass roots movement on its way up." Ac- cording to Tom Payne, president of the Young Democrats and al- ternate delegate at large from Mi- chigan. "If it goes on like it is now, it can take the man to Washington." Excitement Due To Start Tomorrow, WASHINGTON - (-) - There ought to be at least four dramatic high spots in the Democratic con- vention this coming week in Chi- cago. The first is due tomorrow night. Gov. Paul A. Dever, of Massachu- setts, will make the keynote speech. If he follows President Truman's wishes he will make a ringing call to the Democrats to push right ahead for more 'New Deal and more Fair Deal measures. * * * THE SECOND high. spot is due late Tuesday afternoon when the credentials committee is scheduled to report on the permanent dele- gates to be seated. The real Democratic family fight is due to start Tuesday night andproduce the third high spot. Then the resolutions com- mittee will report out the plat- form on which the party will campaign. Almost certainly there will be a fiery debate on the civil rights plank. This will have to include some statement on FEPC, the Fair Employment Practices Commis- sion. The next big piece of business will be the nominations for the Presidency. So that the fourth' dramatic high spot-the voting for a top candidate-may not come until Friday, at either the after- noon or evening session. delegates swarmed into town by every plane and train. They but- tonholed. They jumped from news conference to rally to TV show. But before the National Con- vention can swing into the busi- ness of picking from among them or perhaps some favorite son, there may be a party-shak- ing row over the seating of con- tested Dixie delegates. There could be another Southern bolt along lines of the famous walk that split the party four years ago. A furious scrap is on over the decision of a contests subcommit- tee, ratified later by the full Democratic National Committee, to let anti-Truman delegations represent Mississippi and Texas at the start of the convention. Rival pro-Administration Delega- tions challenged the decisions and pledged a showdown fight on the convention floor. The row ripped away the veneer of calm and outward unity that had settled over the convention scene. SOME OF THE war-like spirit seemed to be taking hold in the camps Wof rival delegates. There still was no name celling remi.nis- cent of the Republican pre-cony vention maneuvering two weeks ago. But candidates stepped up their pace. Supporters of Harriman, the Mutual Security director, let it be known they were in touch with the White House during the day. They laid no claim to any definite commitment from the President. But they insisted that new strength was flowing to the Harriman banner. Barkley backers claimed their man was picking up power by the minute, without any help from outside the convention. SEN. KEFAUVER got out a let- ter to Harriman, Russell, Barkley and Kerr proposing that they join him in a formal pledge to sup- port whatever platform the party adopts-including the controver- sial plank on civil rights. Kefauver said "serious efforts" are afoot to split the party over the issue of civil rights and ra- cial discrimination. The Tennessean told reporters he believes that even with a strong anti-discrimination statement in the. platform he could carry the South as the party presidential nominee. Kerr is making his big play for secondary strength. His hope is that all the other possibilities will deadlock and he will have enough second choice~ support to cop the nomination. SOME DELEGATES showed in- clination§ to get together in sec- tional blocs in efforts to solidify a bit of strength behind one man or another in- a convention where nobody has a clear edge. The South already is lined up fairly solidly behind Russell. Party leaders of 15 Midwestern states called a meeting for tonight to see whether the 264 votes from their area might be put behind a candidate. But before the convention can get around to candidate picking, there is the row over delegate contests to dispose of. Convention Program Here is the official program for tomorrow's first-day ses- sions of the Democratic Na- tional Convention: Morning session: 11:30 a.m. Call to order, Chairman Frank E. McKinney of the Democratic National Commit- tee. Addresses: Gov. Adlai E. Stevenson of Illinois; Sen. Paul H. Douglas of Illinois. Adoption of temporary rules and order of business. Evening session: 8 p.m. EST. Address, by McKinney. Appointment of committees. Keynote address by the tem- porary convention chairman, Gov. Paul A. Dever of Massa- chusetts. ANDREW JACKSON ... days of party glory THOMAS JEFFERSON ... "underdog's" champion out of the presidency until 1884. Their lowest point was reached in 1872 when they nominated no national ticket of their own. The latter part of the 19th century was one of close party balance wit hthe Democrats winning with Cleveland in 1884 and 1892 and losing to the Republicans in 1892. After the election of McKinley on the GOP ticket in 1896, the Democrats had another out of office stretch which ran until Woodirow Wilson was elected in 1912. During the early 20th century the GOP was being liberalized by Teddy Roosevelt and the Democrats were more or less conservative. Cleveland himself had been classified as a conservative and lost the reins of leadership to William Jennings Bryan in 1896. THE LIBERAL BRYAN capitalized on a popular issue-free silver --and his own oratorical prowess to seize control for many years. He made three unsuccessful trys for the presidency, but had the satis- faction of getting the 1912 nomination for Wilson. The scholarly Wilson was something new to American life which had been conditioned to machine politics and "deals." The first term was one of domestic reforms including the estab- lishment of the Federal Reserve System and further anti-trust legislation. Campaigning in 1916 on the motto "He kept us out of war," Wil- son won a close election. As it turned out, America was unable to keep out of World War I and Wilson became concerned both with its successful prosecution and with formulating a plan for permanent peace when hostilities were over. But America was not willing to accept internationalism as ex- nr.Rfind in hi. T-r c on tinn~- a n + teT. rn.ti+ s -min. of 'I 'GOOD 'OLE SUMMERTIME'? Weather, Beards Topics of July Discussions By MIKE WOLFF Several Nigerian students yes- terday confirmed what many Ann Arborites have long suspected - that Ann Arbor is hotter in the summer than parts of tropical Africa. Adeleke Adeyemo, '53, pointed out that the temperature in many parts of Nigeria averages about 80 degrees and there is little of the humidity that marks Ann Arbor's summer weather. sporting winter coats because of the "breeze," Adeyemo said. What impressed Anjorian Ane-; mashaun most when he arrived in the United States this spring was t h e frequently-heard remark: Isn't it a nice day! "At home," he exclaimed, "It is always a nice day -except of course for the four month rainy season." HOWEVER, Anemashaun feels that having rain at a definite time of the year is far superior to hav- * * * Summer in Ann Arbor has left beard enthusiasts divided over the desirability of sporting whiskers during the hot weather. Sigfried Feller represents the staunch few who maintain that wearing a beard during the sum- mer is not as uncomfortable as the layman might suppose. * * * - HE AND HIS supporters seek to Lyivc meiu-ht tn theira roument h er, because the first few weeks prove irritating to the skin. As Feller has had his beard, a luxurious red affair, for nearly two years this does not bother him and he is apparently quite content to stick out the summer with it. Paul Hellenga, 1524, however, was quick to announce that he had recently shaved off his beard because "it's too hot . and too -r-r 11W erlaimnA faf 'hie haar I IMMANmeISiiise asimme riassom i i i