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TIE MICHIGAN DAILY

THMSDAY, TMY 17, 1952

EW THEORIES:
Wiley Says Stuttering
Has Psychological Roots

By BOB MOELLER


"Stuttering is an anticipatory,
hypertonic avoidance reaction"
Prof. John Wiley, Director of the
Speech and Hearing Laboratory at
the University of Nebraska, de-
clared yesterday before a large
audience in Rackham Amphithea-
tre.
Stated in the language of the
layman, this means that by stut-
tering the individual is strenu-
ously seeking to avoid a repri-
mand for his defect, hidden in his
subconscious.
* a a e
A VISITING member of the staff
of the University Speech Depart-
ment this summer, Prof. Wiley
Hatcher Talk
Will Highight
Education Meet
An address by University Presi-
dent Harlan H. Hatcher will high-
light a public Classroom Confer-
ence to be held tomorrow.
President Hatcher wlil speak on
on "The Role of the Classroom
Teacher" in the Union ballroom
following a luncheon which will
begin at 12:45.
* a a
SPONSORED BY the Univer-
sity as part of the Summer Ses-
sion, the conference will center
around consideration of common
goals in the classrooms of secon-
dary schools and the University.
It is aimed at acquainting teach-
ers in secondary schools and in the
University with current practices
and problems in the classroom, ac-
cording to Clyde Vroman, director
of admissions and conference
chairman.
At 2:15 p.m. a panel discus-
sion on the topic "What are the
Common Goals in the Class-
rooms of Secondary Schools and
the University of Michigan?"
will be held.
The panel will also discuss what
unique contributions to the com-
mon goals are made by secondary
schools and the University, and
what the two levels of education
can do comparatively to improve
education.
The luncheon, President Hatch-
er's speech and the panel discus-
sion are open to the public. Reser-
vations for the dinner may be
made by calling the Admissions
Office in the Administration Bldg.

spoke on "Modem Theories of
Speech."
Prof. Wiley, who has achieved
,prominence in extensive studies
of the causal factors of stutter-
ing, described several fruitful
avenues of approach to the ex-
planation of this defect, but
maintained that these theories
yet remain 'nowhere near a fin-
al solution."
* * *
THE PROFESSOR brushed
aside many of what he called "pat"
theories on the nature of stut-
tering. Wiley said that the evi-
dence for the validity of these
theories, widely held in some cases,
was "confusing, inadequate, and
unimportant."
Citing recent studies at the
University of Michigan, and at
the universities of Iowa and
Nebraska as pointing the way
toward ultimate solution and
curative therapy of stuttering,
Prof. Wiley outlined a hypothe-
sis of the casual factors of this
speech defect that, he said,
"has many things to offer."
The hypothesis, widely held by
advanced researchers in the field
of speech therapy, penetrates
deeply Ato the psychoanalytic
basis of stuttering, and offers that
stuttering is a "symptom of a spe-
cific kind of neurosis."
* * *
RECENT STUDIES have dis-
closed, said Prof. Wiley, that stut-
tering may be a "learned avoid-
ance pattern"-an a" idance bas-
ed on anxiety feelings because a
child cannot measure up to the
standards of a "domineering, per-
fectionist mother."
Prof. Wiley said that the neur-
osis theory of stuttering maintains
that the "individual" who stutters
has hostile feelings that he trys to
repress, but that his stuttering is
the true expression of his hostil-
ity." According to the hypothesis,,
the hostile feelings arise in the
child as a result of his self-con-
sciousness in the face of repri-
mands by domineering parent for!
his "normal non-fluencies" of
speech.
Professor Null
Gets New Position
Prof. Virginia Sull of the School
of Nursing has been promoted
from assistant to associate direc-
tor of the nursing service in the
University Hospital, Prof. Rhoda
Reddig, director of nursing service
and director of the School of Nur-
sing has announced.

Englishmen
Go All Out
For Sports
(Continued from Page 1)
in his hand and bumps the ball
along the ground. Almost inev-
itably, the sphere is knocked aft-
er one bounce in some direction
or other.
After that, the fun begins. The
batter runs every way but first
base and the gents in the field
chase the ball. This goes on for
some time and eventually one of
the teams is said to have won.
. * * *
WE DIDN'T see a rugby match,
but everybody, especially older
University alumni, knows it's pret-
ty rough stuff. What they call
football here is actually soccer,
with fore use of the head than
American amateurs can muster up.
If you really want to study the
games scientifically, the best
thing to do is consult the local
newspaper. Sample: "the third
day of the second test match at
Lord's ended with India 165 runs
behind England and eight wick-
ets standing in their second inn-
ings.
"But so bald a statement is like
describing a bubbling river in
terms of mileage from source to
mouth. It was wonderful stuff to
watch. But, of all those who made
the spectacle, Mankad, of India,
and Evans, of England, stand out
in heroic stature and performance.
* * *
"EVANS, WHO joined the ele-
gant Graveney in the resumption
of England's innings in the morn-
ing, missed scoring a century be-
fore lunch by only two runs. He
bowled his Inswinger very well in-
deed, and appealed for L. B. W.
against each batsman in clear
tones. Luck loved him."
It's not inconceivable, however,
that daily Gobbledegook, with its
"matmen," "tankers," and "thin-
clads" is hard to decipher without
some background.
As for American games, British-
ers we've talked with consider our
national sport a pretty dull thing,
with its "meaningless rules" and
"lack of action." A pet gripe, is
that baseball hitters can develop
pot bellies with no appreciable ef-
fect on their abilities or salaries.
Football, they admit, has some
saving graces. It is about the only
American sport they admire, but'
they cannot concede its superiority
to any English game.
Unorganized sport in Great
Britain is a pretty organized thing.
One reason: Britons are extremely
uniform-conscious.

* ' *

Lack of Facilities Hampers Plane Spotters

.1

-Daly-Jack Bergstrom
SPOTTER LEARNS AIRCRAFT TYPES

By JOYCE FICKIES
A small group of Ann Arbor citi-
zens, hampered by lack of ade-
quate facilities, funds and per-
sonnel, are now carrying on a
twenty-four hour a day program
of civil air defense.
The program of plane spotting,
begun in connection with the na-
tion wide defense expansion, went
into full time operation at 8 a.m.
Monday. Since then volunteers
have manned the station, one of
eight located in the county, day
and. night.
* a a
THE SPOTTERS enable the civ-
il defense department to keep tabs
on the aircraft in America's skies.
When the plane is spotted, the
persons on duty identify it by
means of booklets, then telephone
The department of civil de-
fense will welcome any persons
who wish to become volunteer
plane spotters, according to
George P. Smith, Liason Officer
of Washtenaw County. Inter-
ested persons may obtain more
information by calling 7116.
the information in to a "filter
center" where the courses of the
planes in the air at that particu-
lar time are plotted. If one of the
planes cannot be accounted for
or contacted, fighters are sent up+
into the air.
At the present, the spotters
have been instructed to look for
only military or multi-engine
planes.
In addition to having to stick
to their open air posts in good or
bad weather, day and night, the
plane spotting crew has been be-
set by other difficulties.
4' * *
THE FIRST is lack of adequate
personnel to man the station.
There are thirty persons taking
part in the plane spotting at the
present time, some of them work-
ing several times a week. The
ideal shift is two hours long. How-
ever, since there are so few per-
sons, they often work more than
the usual stint.
In addition, there is a lack
of funds with which to operate.
No money has been appropriated
by the federal government for
the program, so that transpor-
tation and money for facilities
depend on donations.
The only money which the plane
spotters have received has been
a $100 donation for vital telephone
service to the "filter centers." This
was contributed by the Veterans
of Foreign Wars. The VFW has
also donated the use of its hall
for meeting purposes.
Dawson Will Back
Adlai Stevenson


a a a *

-Daily-Jack Bergstrom
SPOTTER PHONES INFORMATION TO 'FILTER CENTER'

0

* * *
BUT PERHAPS the worst han-
dicap is the lack of an adequate
site for the plane spotting. Tle
present location, on the fair-
grounds at the edge of Ann Arbor,
is next to a busy highway where
traffic noises interfere with sounds
from the air. Also, houses and
trees partially obscure the sky.
Several campus locations have
been suggested as better sites.
Among them are the top of the
administration building and the
tower of the Union. The ideal
place, according to the spotters,
would be the top of the South
Quadrangle, because of its height
and because of the fact that it is
open 11 hours of the day.

Fountain Pens
Greeting Cards
Stationery
Office Supplies
Typewriters
W/C Tape &
Wire Recorders
Steel Desks,
Chairs, Files
MORRI LL'S
314 S. State
Open Saturdays until

i

Phon
7177
1 P.M.

A /
"

--Daily-Jack Bergstrom
VOLUNTEER WORKERS SPOT PLANES


Crucial Year Seen for Local Airlines

Kids Recruited
As PlaneSpotters
PONTIAC-(P)-The Oakland
County Civil Defense chief Lewis
C. Jarrendt, may have an answer
for that air spotter shortage.
He launched a program yester-
day to recruit kids of 12 or older
for the jobs.
JARRENDT SAID he's supposed
to provide 13 posts with round-
the-clock two-man shifts. But lack
of volunteers has left at least four
posts entirely unmanned and the
rest manned only part-time.
So Jarrendt has approved a pro-
gram which can recruit youngsters
for one-half of any shift, provided
the other person on it is an adult.
Watc

Prof. John P. Dawson, of the
Law School, Democratic candidate
for Congress from Michigan's sec-
ond Congregressional district, has
given his support to Gov. Adlai
Stevenson of Illinois for the Dem-
ocratic presidential nomination.
Participating in a Detroit tele-
vision panel discussion concern-
ing possible Democratic candi-
dates, Dawson cited Stevenson's
"remarkable grasp and under-
standing of our foreign policy"
and his administrative experience
at both state and federal levels.
The professor said that Steven-
son has had "spectacular suc-
cess"as govelnor of llnois. Add-
ing that the governorship of a
great state is the best possible
training for presidency.

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Many originally priced to
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$3.98 and $5.00
nylons, cottons, rayons

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over blouses.
Sizes 127/2 to 247.

THE QUARRY'S
Important Announcement
This Friday

V '1
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All Sales Final
... South State off N. U.

By The Associated Press ,
This is a crucial year for the
nation's smaller airlines.
More than half of them must
qualify for certificate renewal or
go out of business.
This year too a Civil Aeronau-
tics Board (CAB) experiment of
seven years ago, designed to es-
tablish a secondary short-haul air
service pattern, will demonstrate
success or failure.
TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC an
airline is an airline, some just big-'
ger than others. But there are two
distinct species-the 15 trunk
systems, serving the larger popula-
tion centers, and 19 local service
lines which stop off at the smaller
cities and towns.
.Trunk line numbers have de-
elined somewhat in recent years
through mergers and sales, and
additional mergers are in pros-

" THE FIRST local service line<
certified was Pioneer Air Lines,
Inc., Dallas Texas. It started op-
erating in August 1945. By 1949
CAB had certified 22 local lines
for three-year permits.
At the end of the first three
years the board decided it was
advisable to renew certificates
for longer terms in order to give
the operators a better chance to
develop traffic and to make
longer-range management
plans.
CAB THUS far has indicated:
1. It is not yet prepared to
grant permanent certificates but
wants the local service carriers
to get more experience.
2. It fully expects the local
service carriers ultimately to get
along without substantial sub-
sidy support.

Qfail if these carriers become com-<



4

petitive with the trunk lines.
* * *
SOME TRUNK LINES have
looked at the local service new-
comers as potential rivals but oth-
ers have welcomed them as per-
forming an essential regional serv-
ice and are happy to be relieved of
the obligation of unprofitable
service to smaller communities.
A typical local service line is
All-American, which last year car-
ried more passengers than any
other. It serves 50 cities in sev-
en middle Atlantic states, with an
average hop of only 51 miles. The
company has asked CAB to per-
mit it to quit serving five uneco-
nomical stations and to authorize
a flexible schedule to give smaller
stations only the service they
need.
AT T "9f* * 4A1 h... .

I

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!T

."""

..ems..
----

The Market Research Department
of
THE PROCTOR & GAMBLE CO.
has a number of openings for young women col-
lege graduates between 21 and 26 to travel about
the country conducting consumer surveys with no
selling involved after a training period of approxi-
mately 7 months in Cincinnati, Ohio. Prerequisites
include a driver's license and ability to do simple
arithmetic. In addition to salary while traveling, all
expenses are paid.

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