PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY SATURDAY, ULY 12, 1952 I U A Conservative Third Party THE NOMINATION of General Dwight Eisenhower as Republican candidate for the Presidency of the United States has caused a serious split in the Republican Party. As the 1952 GOP Convention ends, dele- gates and visitors, plus the more than 60 mpillion television and radio followers, will have flowery promises of unity ringing in their ears. But the issue is much deep- er than simply loyalty to a party, be- cause in essence a party is nothing more than a name. The issue is one of policies, of likes and dislikes, and cannot be tossed aside lightly in a speech calling for unity. General Eis- enhower won the nomination by only a small preference majority, relying heavily on the power of states controlling large blocks of delegates. Also running was Robert A. Taft, with nearly half of the delegates strongly com- mitted to him and his policies. To a great degree, Eisenhower won deci- sive votes in such key states as Michigan, Minnesota and Pennsylvania because the delegates believed he had a better chance of bringing home a victory to the GOP in 1952 -not because they felt he was- a superior leader or that the policies he proposed were exactly what their constituents favored. T US ARISES the question, "Should the Republican Party put forward a man because they think he can win, or because they think he represents the ideals in which they believe?" It is this writer's opinion that the off- setting factor in the Taft-Eisenhower struggle wasability to win. That decision may have been the common-sense one, but it was not the way to achieve what the party should have sought-not just a Republican victory, but a Republican government. After Eisenhower's nomination seemed fairly certain Wednesday night, I talked to many strong Taft backers on the question of party unity. There were those who said they simply would not vote for Dwight Eisenhower in November, even though they had been strong Republicans for a lifetime. The greater majority acquiessed, saying they would support Eisenhower as a Re- publican in the coming election. But al- most all of these people were going to do so reluctantly, out of loyalty for the party they had preserved through many lean years rather than because they were in- spired by the Eisenhower cause. To a large number of people in this country, theEisenhower cause represents nothing but a watered-down version of Democratic Party principles. Many of these people will support Eisenhower, but only because they have hungered for a Republican victory since 1932. There are three courses of action open to these members of the conservative Re- publican wing next November: 1) They can forget their, dreams of a real policy change and vote the Eisenhower ticket. 2) They can desert the party they have cherished, voting Democratic or following the more conservative Southern Democrat candidate; or they can abstain from voting. 3) They can band together under one banner in a much-talked-about third major party, the Conservative Party. * * * * THIRD PARTIES have been frequent and powerful influences in the history of this country's politics. A third party under Theo- dore Roosevelt in 1912 cost William Howard Taft the Presidency; the present Republican party started as a splinter party in 1860. At this moment the time is ripe for the evolution of a major third party; the seeds are sown, they only require cultiva- tion. There is a major split in the Demo- crats, but the Dixie element because of tradition cannot be expected to switch its allegiance to the GOP. A serious split between liberals and con- servatives has manifested itself in the Re- publican Party.Although this split might not ruin the GOP in 1952, it would be ad- vantageous to the conservatives to break off and fight independently for the ideals anid policies they favor. Possible Presidential candidates might be Senator Taft, leader of the conservative Re- publican wing, or for the sake of popular- ity, General Douglas MacArthur. The vice- presidential candidate would undoubtedly come from the vast rank of highly respected Dixie Democratic conservatives. What could this third party hope to accomplish in 1952? It is my belief that the Presidency of the United States is not out of reach to a Conservative Third Party. Granted, this Third Party might be un- able to poll a majority of electoral votes in November. But it could get a substantial minority, keeping either of its rivals from securing a majority and throwing the issue to the House of Representatives, where each state casts one vote in favor of its prefer- ence. The Conservative Party would probably carry the deep South in electoral votes, and with a candidate like Robert A. Taft could get the support of such strong dele- gations as Illinois and Ohio, as well as a scattering of smaller central states. When in the House, a ticket headed by Taft and a Southerner would have a decided advantage in a one-vote-per-state contest. In the convention, Taft won many of the smaller Northern states, which are predom- inantly Republican in normal times. His defeat came mainly from some of the larger delegations like New York and Pennsylvania. In a single vote per state contest, the power of these large states is minimized and that of the smaller states becomes relatively greater. Vittory for a third party in the coming election is well within the realm of possibil- ity. Now is the time for Conservative Re- publicans and Democrats to band together under a common banner and fight for the type of government which they desire. -Mike Scherer MATTER OF FACT By JOSEPH and STEWART ALSOP The Harsh Realities CHICAGO-As these words are written, it is the lull before the storm, or rather the lull before the decisive Taft-Eisenhower test. Maybe this is not a bad time to reflect on the peculiar factors which influence such great decisions as the choice of American presidential nominees . Take, for example, patronage. Senator Robert A. Taft has said that one of his worst handicaps was the opposition of the Republican governors. What he meant was that the Republican governors con- trol the Republican jobs in their states, and that they would use this control against him. The soundness of the sena- tor's judgment has never been better dem- onstrated than in the state of New York. There was substantial sentiment for Sen- ator Taft among some elements in the New York delegation, particularly in New York City, which is not an appanage of the .Dew- ey machine. The Taft forces hoped to pick up as many as twenty votes in New York. But even from New York City, many Repub- licans are appointed to the important civil- service-free jobs on the New York State pay- roll. * Fr * * r A T THE FIRST Chicago meeting of the state delegation, Governor Dewey con- tented himself with reminding the delegates that he would be governor for two and a half more years, and that he had a "long memory." His method was somewhat blunt- er when he talked privately with the dissi- dents. He pointed out to them exactly how many jobs had been allocated to each of their districts. He did not trouble to point out that these jobs were mainly occupied by their friends, co-workers or even relatives, because they knew this already. He just told them, in plain terms, that there would be new job-holders in those jobs within two days after his return to Albany. If the dissi- dent delegates went on being dissident. That way, he held New York as an almost mono- lithic solid front against Senator Taft. Again, there is the case of Governor John S. Fine of Pennsylvania. Here the problem was more complex. Senator James Duff, who was John Fine's friend and is now his enemy, was almost the first man on the firing line for General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Normally, that would entitle Senator Duff to a great influence over Federal appointments in Pennsylvania, which Senators conventionally possess in any case. Governor Fine is a man who wants, above all to rule in his bailiwick. The in- fluence of Senator Duff, which is already considerable, would obviously be reinforced by control of Pennsylvania appointments. It was therefore urgently a problem to ac- commodate Duff and Fine. The problem was solved when Duff, with great singlemindedness in the cause he has fought for so sturdily, agreed to forego his normal power over Pennsylvania appoint- ments. Thus General Eisenhower was en- abled to assure Governor Fine that the Governor was the man he would regularly consult about Pennsylvania appointees. And so the way was opened for the Pennsylvania Governor's all-important decision in Eisen- hower's favor. * * * * OR AGAIN, there is the case of Michigan. Here the battle, curiously enough, seems to have been fought between three great industrial corporations. The chief execu- tives of the Chrysler' Company were for Taft; thn leaders of the Ford Company and General Motors favored General Eisenhower. All three companies have vast influence on the Republican party in their state. Both national committeeman Arthur Summerfield and Senator Homer Ferguson were caught in an unhappy crossfire. In the end, Sum- merfield became an important Eisenhower leader, while Senator Ferguson, normally inclined to Taft, kept unhappily silent. These little realities of convention poli- tics have been chosen from the Eisenhow- er side, and since these reporters were the first to ventilate and emphasize the Texas steal attempted by the Taft forces it is only fair to note that both sides can be tough, although the Eisenhower people have tried nothing like the steal in Texas. And it might be added that the hypocrisy of the Taft cry about "real Republican- ism" has never been better demonstrated than by the Taft sponsorship of the Ros- coe Pickett delegation from-Georgia. The truth is that this peculiar little gag- gle of so-called Republicans largely owes its existence to an alliance between Pickett and Governor Eugene Talmadge. Talmadge Republicans, surely, are an odd brand of "real Republicans." In its details, in short, the process by which Presidential nominees are chosen in America often seems to have very little to do with the democratic process. The cur- ious thing is how much of real Republican conviction, and even of real idealism, creeps into this queer convention process. And the other curious thing is, how often it pro- dhce an excellent result. "And Now A Little Close Rormon-v 't~ I::.n (Eii , SDAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN INTERPRETING THE NEWS: The German Unification By J. M. ROBERTS, JR. Associated Press News Analyst ON THE same day that the West German parliament passed the new political and, military pacts with the Western powers on first reading, the Big Three offered Russia another opportunity to meet with them if she is sincere about German unification. Neither action decides anything. .Rus- sia's previous notes indicate that she will not be willing to meet Allied requirements even for the low-level meeting proposed for the purpose of setting up a commission to .study all-German election possibilities. What she wants is a high-level meeting with an agenda which will permit her to propagandize against the pacts and de- lay them by encouraging German hopes for a settlement. The apparent unanimity of the West Germans, except for the Communists, on the first reading is misleading. The Social- ists have been opposing, and still oppose, the substance of the pacts. They merely voted to send the.measures to committee for study pending decisive readings in the fall. Their action in doing so was a surprise. But they are placing their main dependence on a court fight challenging the constitu- tionality of the agreement. Regardless of how this turns out, the So- clalists are expected to renew their active opposition when actual adoption of the treaties is at stake. And they will be helped by the extreme rightism The most striking thing ,tbout the two- day debate which preceded Thursday's ac- tion was the failure of the opponents to present any sort of substitute for the pro- western policy of Chancellor Adenauer. There were, instead, expressions of re- cognition that Germany had lost a cvar, that she was up against the Iron Curtain, and that she was in no position to press the Westerrn allies for more than they were willing to give in return for Ger- many's participation in Western European defense. This urgency-the lack of any practical alternative for Germany-was expected to be decisive in the matter of eventual ap- proval. The Allied note to Russia, the general contents of which were known for several days prior to its delivery, may have helped Adenauer in these initial stages of the de- bate. It served as evidence that the Allies intended to keep open the matter of unifi- cation. The fear that alliance with the West will formalize the division of Germany is one of the greatest drawbacks to acceptance of the pacts by the public. The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsi- bility. Publication in it is construc- tive notice to all members of the University. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3510 Administration Building before 3 p.m. the day preceding publication (11 a.m. on Saturday). Notices Make-Up Examination in History- Saturday, July 12, 9:00-12:00 a.m., 1067 A.H. Obtain written peraissioa from your instructor, and then sign iist in History Office. Closing Hour for undergraduate wo- men attending the Stanley Quartet con- cert at Rackham Auditorium Tuesday, July 8, will be no later than 11:00 p.m. School Vocal Music Conference, Mi- chigan League Ballroom. Open to pub- lic. 8:15 a.m., Music Reading, Roxy Co- win; 9:00, Creative Music, Charlotte Du- Bois; 10:00, Demonstration Choral Re- hearsal, Maynard Klein; 11:00, Critical Issues in Music Education, Marguerite Hood; 1:15, Summer Session Choir. Har- old Decker. director; 2:30, Forum Dis- cussion, James Bukborough. Charlotte DuBois, Marguerite Hood, Donald Rob- inson, John Lowell, John Merrill; 4:15, Film "Hymn of Nations.'' Cercle Francais: The Cercle Francais of the Summer Session meets every Wednesday evening at 8 o'clock in the Henderson Room of the Michian Lea- gue. The meetings offer a varied pro- gram of songs, games and short talks in French on topics of general interest, as well as the opportunity for informal conversation and recreation. All stu- dents, faculty members, and summer residents who are interested in France and things French are cordially invited to participate in any or all of the ac- tivities of the Cercie. Late permission for women students who attended "Harvey" on Wednesday, July 9, and Thursday, July 10, will be no later than 11:05 p.m. Lectures Sociedad Hispanica. Lecture and dem- onstration of some audio-visual aids by Mr. A. Lavistida, of" the AudioVisual Section, July 15, at 8 p.m., East Con- ference Room, Rackham Building. Symposium on Heat Transfer. "The- oretical Aspects of Liquid Metal Heat Transfer," H. F. Poppendiek, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 10:00 a.m. 311 West Engineering Building. Academic Notices Teachers' Seminar in Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 9:00 a.m., Rackham Amphi- theater. Concerts Student Recital Cancelled: The recital of Glenn Walker, Clarinetist, previously announced for Monday evening, July 14, in the Rackham Assembly Hall, has been cancelled. Faculty Concert: John Kolien, pianist, will play a program of Schubert Sona- tas at 8:30 Tuesday evening, July 15, in the Rackham Lecture Hall. It will open with Sonata No. 18 in G major, Op. 78, followed by Sonata 19 in C minor, and Sonata No. 20 in A major. The recital will be open to the general public with- out charge. Exhibitions Museum of Art. The artist's view- point. July 8-28. Rackham Galleries. Children's art from the schools of Michigan. July 9-18. General Library, main lobby cases. Books which have influenced the mo- dern mind. Museum of Archaeology. Ancient Egypt and Rome of the Empire. Museums Building. Rotunda exhibit Some museum techniques. Michigan Historical Collections, 160 Rackham Building. The changing Cam- pus. Clements Library. American books which have influenced the modern mind (through September 1). Law Library. Atomic energy. Architecture Building. Student work. Events Today Last Time tonight: "Harvey," Broad- way comedy by Mary Chaseepresented by the Department of Speech at the Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre tonight at 8 p.m.rTickets on sale at the box o- fice from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. welcome,transportation provided. Coming Events All Summer Education Conference and Exhibit. July 14-18. Speech and the Preacher Conference. July 14-15. Conference of English Teachers. July 14. Russian Circle Meeting: Monday. 8 p.m. International Center. Russian games, songs, and tea are features of the evening. Graduate Outing Club: The Graduate Outing Club will meet Sunday at 2 p.m. at the northwest entrance of the Rackham Building, for swimming, games, picnicing and hiking. Bring cars, LETTERS To the Editor McPhuI Again . . To the Editor: TH~IS LETTER Is being wlitten in the hope thatthegstudents of the University of Michigan, giv- en a chance to hear the story of our case, will make up their own minds as to the importance of the issues involved. We, Arthur McPhaul, executive secretary of the Civil Rights Con- gress of Michigan, and Saul Gross- man, executive secretary of the Michigan Committee for Protec- tion of Foreign Born, have recent- ly been cited for Contempt of Congress. The citations grew out of our refusal to surrender the books and records of our organiza- tions to the House un-American Activities Committee last Spring, We did not surrender our rec- ords for a number of reasons. We felt, for one, that this request was an intrusion of the Fourth Amend- ment which guarantees protection against "unreasonable searches and seizures" of persons, houses, papers, and effects. Secondly, by turning ovr the records to this committee, we would have placed in jeopardy our membership, our contributors, and our friends. We were then-and still are-convinced that this com- mittee was not interested in find- ing facts. It was mainly interested in damaging reputations, stifling opposition to their methods and purposes, and furthering the sen- atorial aspirations of one of its members. It is worthy of note that Mr. William Gossett, vice-president and general counsel of the Ford Motor Co., pointed out that the committee has usurped the judi- cial function and that witnesses "are denied basic constitutional safeguards which in a court pro- ceeding are granted as a matter of right, even to one who, after in- vestigation has been accused of a crime . . . (It) is a type of trial by public opinion, a pillorying of individuals not accused of crimes." Under these circumstances we, as responsible officers of respon- sible organizations, could not as- sist in this pillorying of our mem- bership and our contributors. We could not betray the trust of our friends. We could not surrender our integrity by becoming inform- er's. We feel that our case is one which involves issues basic to Am- erican civil liberties. We are ask- ing the American people to sup- port us by writing Attorney Gen- eral J. P. MGranery, Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., urg- ing that no action be taken against us. For those who want further in- formation, please write us at 1442 Griswold Street, Room 303, Detroit 26, Michigan, and we will prompt- ly forward a fact sheet on our ON THE Washington Merry-Go-Round with DREW PEARSON DREW PEARSON SAYS: G.O.P. CONVENTION RECORD-MAKING IN SEVERAL WAYS; BATTLING REPUBLICANS ACTED MORE LIKE DEMOCRATS; G.O.P. MUST END ABSENTEE POLITICAL LANDLORDISM IN SOUTH. * * * * CHICAGO-Regardless of this Republican convention ever electing a President it will set a record for several things. First, it will last longer than any other recent convention. Second, it will set a record for SNAFUS. Third, it will be more like a Democratic convention than any other. Democratic conventions have become famous for their rebel yells, boisterous behavior, hot tempers, prolonged demonstrations. Things never go quite right at a Democratic convention even when the machinery is all geared to nominate a Roosevelt or a Truman. Either the South walks out, a Chicago sewer commis- sioner takes over from the basement or a Bob Hannegan switches names on a letter from Roosevelt. When the Democrats put on a keynote speaker like Alben Barkley they whoop it up for 45 minutes. When the Republicans put on Gen- eral MacArthur they give him a milk-toast demonstration-three minutes. Of course, Alben gave the boys some phrases they could whoop and holler about while MacArthur was pretty dull. When a breast beater like Barkley shouts "when Franklin Roosevelt started to brush away the cobwebs of the Hoover ad- ministration he found that even the spiders were starving" it's a little easier to throw your hat in the air than after 50 minutes of dull platitudes have been droned in your ear. Aside from the keynote speech and the lack of rebel yells, how- ever, the Republicans came much nearer the hot and humid hetero- genousness of the Democratic spirit. In brief, the Republicans have really battled. * * * * HEALTHY BATTLE AND SINCE the Republican party has been pretty much devoid of forceful leadership of late these birthpangs of battle lrobably were necessary. Certainly it was healthy to have the battle over seating Southern delegates fought out in the open under the full glare of the TV cameras. The entire Republican party got a real understand- ing for the first time of how the GOP has been a captive party in the South, and if it wants to build for the future it has to get rid of absentee political landlordism below the Mason-Dixon lin The battle over the platform, also healthy, was s heated that it might have been pulled by the Democrats themselves. In fact, one phase of it will win the Democrats a lot of votes. For, whereas the Democratic platform has gone right down the line for a compulsory Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) with enforcement powers, the Republicans argued for a couple of days over whether to support a purely advisory FEPC or whether to leave the problem of race discrimination up to the states. Most Southern Democrats would be delighted to accept the latter. They've always wanted discrimination left to the states. And many Southern Democrats, including Senator Russell of Georgia, do not frown on an advisory FEPC shorn of enforcement power to step in and tell a Southern state what to do. The GOP battle over FEPC was waged under the picture of Ab- raham Lincoln, founder of the party. Oratorical outbursts constantly paid tribute to the founder of the party. However, that debate could cost the election next November. NEGRO VOTE POWERFUL FOR THE BIG-CITY Negro vote has been 'estless of late. After having supported the Democrats about 99 per cent for the last 20 years, Negro leaders were wondering whether they couldn't do better elsewhere. However, when General Eisenhower spurned an inquiry from Harlem congressman Adam Clayton Powell on Negro rights but answered an inquiry from Jack Powers of Texas on Tidelands oil, property-rights Negro newspapers seethed. Today, following the FEPC argument in Chicago, it's almost cer- tain that the heavy Negro vote of New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Kansas City and St. Louis will even go to Kefauver. And that vote, in a close election can tip the scales one way or the other. * * * * CHICAGO MERRY-GO-ROUND TITIAN-HAIRED Mrs. Gifford Pinchot of Pennsylvania came to Chicago to hold the hand of Gov. John Fine at the suggestion of another Pennsylvanian, Sen. Jim Duff, who hasn't been able to hold Fine's hand himself. After Duff made Fine governor of Penn- sylvania the headstrong Mr. Fine decided to run in the opposite di- rection. So Duff figured that Mrs. Pinchot, whose husband-governor first started Fine on his career, might have some influence. She's been in Chicago keeping him on the track for Eisenhower, not Taft, Winthrop Aldrich, head of the Chase Bank, has been con- sidering a libel suit against the Chicago Tribune for saying he threatened to foreclose on loans of business firms that wouldn't support Eisenhower. Three senators got rebuffed by hard-boiled gatekeepers at the convention hall. Sen. Milt Young of North Dakota and got his ticket mixed up with a guest and the gatekeeper wouldn't honor it. Sen. Andy Schoeppel of Kansas wanted to come down to the convention floor to meet some Kansas delegates as did Sen. Henry Dworshak of Idaho but were barred. Finally they convinced an usher that a U.S. Senator deserves some privileges. ' --' CINJEMA * * * PLANS MISFIRED SENATOR TAFT was planning to get into General MacAr- thur's car after the keynote speech and ride with him to the airport but plans misfired. Governor Fine went instead. Taft wanted to talk about teaming up with MacArthur but after the MacArthur speech fell so flat his friends were glad he hadn't made the contact. Not many people had a chance to talk to MacArthur during his quick trip not even H. L. Hunt, the Texas oilman who put up the dough for Doug's headquar- ters. About all he had a chance to say was: "Why didn't you bring Mrs. MacArthur with you?" Reply: "She prefers to watch me on TV." Eisenhower forces didn't decide until 4:30 a.m. that they wanted Gov. Theodore Roosevelt McKel- din of Maryland to make Ike'sno- minating speech, at which time they got hold of Ike, woke him up, had him put on his clothes and confer with McKeldin. Remarked an Eisenhower aide: "The army was never like this." McKeldin later complained that Ike's ghost writers failed to 1