I I TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1932 TWOTHURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1952 I _________________________________________________________________________________ I The Legion 's Girl's State "Woodman, Spare That Tree" FOR THE thirteenth year, the Women's Auxiliary of the Michigan Chapter of the American Legion sponsored their an- nual Girl's State. Chosen for their scholar- ship, leadership, character, and in a few rare instances for their parent's affiliation with the Legion, three hundred high school junior girls were sent to Alice Crocker Lloyd Hall for an intensive eight day program in local and state government. The girls arrived last Monday, June 16, and were greeted by their city councilors, fifteen University women who were to be the girls' mothers, advisors, confidants, leaders and occasionally scapegoats for the eight days to come. The councilors were under the direct supervision of a general councilor who was almost worked to death during the week answering questions, defending herself against a plethora of charges, organizing activities, and generally tying together the ends left loose by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors, who sat on top of the administrative heap was composed of what seemed like thousands of middle aged women from the Auxiliary. These women, with Donald Norland of the political science department, planned the program. Its execu- tion was left to the councilors and county advisors, along with Norland, who acted as government instructor. It is unfortunate that the program should have been in con- trol of these ladies, who seem to think that Americanism consists of a bugle call at eight a.m. and the symbol of the American flag, The three county advisors were political science majors from the University. They received their instruction from Norland, and transmitted the information, together with any knowledge of their own, to the girls. As a county advisor, I was directly responsible for the instruction of sixty girls in my county. The original intent was to provide five county advisors; two of whom did not appear on opening day nor at any other time. Thus, I found my- self also carrying on the instruction of at least one other county during the days that followed. The councilors and advisors remained in the dormitory with the girls. Before arriving at Wolverine Girl's State, the girls were informed that they would belong to one of two parties, the Nationalist or the Federalist. They were also divided in- to fifteen cities, twenty girls in each. The cities were grouped together in threes to form the five counties. On the first day, the cities met separately in special city rooms, where they elected their city administration. This was run on the city manager plan, whereby five councilmen and an auditor were elected. The councilmen then elected a mayor from among their membership and appointed a city manager from the city at large. The city manager was directly res- ponsible for the administration of her town. She appointed a police commissioner, a street commissioner, and any other officials deemed necessary by the council or her- self. The city council met. each morning for about an hour and passed various resolu- tions pertaining to city, county, or state business. If the legislation passed pertained to city transactions only, the administration was carried on through that unit. If the resolutions passed were recommendations to higher governmental authority, the cities acted as pressure groups on their county leg- islators. * * * N THE SECOND DAY, the counties met, each in one of the five lounges of the dormitory. The political parties in the coun- ty met at opposite ends of the lounge and decided upon the nomination of their candi- dates for county and state offices. At the same meeting, the parties decided upon their platform. In my county, a problem concern- ing the building of roads was given to the group and the election fight centered upon that problem. In the other counties, the campaign was focused on wider disputes. As a general rule, the Nationalist Party stood for a greater amount of centralization, proposing that counties be organized on a county manager plan as opposed to the county board system that was in operation. That party also proposed a compulsory FEPC program, advocated the signing of non-communist affadavits in state support- ed schools and were vigorously in favor of more recreational time for the girls. The Federalist Party was against fur- ther centralization, proposed voluntary FEPC, opposed non-communist affadavits and in a brilliant bi-partisan move, en- diorsed the Nationalist program for more recreational time. The state offices were those of governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, at- torney general treasurer, auditor general, and three justices of the supreme court. The state legislature was elected in the counties, mainly for the reason that all those names wouldn't fit on the election machines used for state balloting. As a result of the county board sys- tem, six separate offices were elected in the county. Had the Nationalists had their way, the county manager plan would have been used, with two elected officials-member of the board of super- visors and auditor. On the day following the party caucuses in the counties, the state caucuses of the two groups were held. At this time the county preferences for state officials were made known, and after the usual speeches, haggling, demonstrations and voting were completed, the slates emerged. These cau- cuses were something to observe. Minia- tures of backsliding Republicans, radicals, conservatives, back slappers and campaign managers were scattered throughout the convention hall (the dining rooms of Hins- dale and Angell Houses). The only thing that was lacking was the cigar smoke usua- ly associated with such political meetings. Immediatey after the caucus, the leaders of the two parties, confered in separate rooms to work out the compromises in the platforms. THE NEXT DAY was given over to cam- paigning, and on the following day the election was held. The Federalists garnered all but two of the executive posts, placing both the governor and the lieutenant gov- ernor. The Nationalists gained control of the House of Representatives. In the Sen- ate, the Federalists won seven positions, the Nationalists won seven, with a tie for the last post. In the run-off election the next day, the Federalists took control of the up- per house. The remaining days were filled with the governors message, meetings of the legislature and a rash of petitions circulat- ed to obtain more recreational time. The petitions, which were signed by about 80% of the girls, were tied up in red tape for some days and then vetoed by Legion Auxiliary's Board of Directors. The bills passed by the egislature were ones providing for voluntary FEPC, the set- ting up of a fund for a banner for Wol- verine Girl's State, the lowering of the voting age to eighteen, and one authorizing more recreational time for the girls. The governor, in a spectacular bolt from party lines, vetoed the FEPC bill, and rec- ommended that the 1953 session of the leg- islature pass a law making FEPC compul- sory. The Board of Directors vetoed the bill authorizing more recreational time. That Wolverine Girl's State is a fine and rewarding experience is not to be denied. Outside of the purely governmen- tal experience that the girls gained, they met, many for the first time, girls of other races and religions. That preju- dice was noted to be virtually non- existent during those eight days is one of the more encouraging signs of our time. But the set-up is not perfect. Amid all the meetings, speeches (some by top state of- ficials such as Governor Williams and Audi- tor General Martin), and pajama parties, there was NO time alloted for the theory of democracy. During the hectic week, the girls were made vividly aware of what govern- ment is. They had no time to discuss WHY government is. That the democratic process was proposed to maintain what we consid- er to be necessary fundamental rights was not made clear. Many of the Girl's Staters are still not aware that the difference be- tween a democratic and a totalitarian sys- tem is not just the method involved but also is a matter of purpose. The girls still do not realize that an "X" on a ballot means noth- ing unless those rights are guaranteed. Another serious flaw in the system is the amount of regimentation imposed by the Legion directors. The girls were not allowed to leave the dormitory without a councilor accompanying them. Lights were to be out at 10:30 and the girls were presumably to be asleep at 10:31. In or- der to assure that the rules were followed, the police commissioner of each town took bed-check. After this the city councilor took bed-check, followed by the general councilor who checked on the city coun- cilor. Occasionally a Legion director or two came up to make sure everyone was in bed. It seems incongrous that three hundred girls, the top high school stu- dents in the state, and ranging in age from 16 to 18, were not trusted to catch a breath of air or to put themselves to sleep. It was probably for this reason, more than any other, that many of the girls did not enjoy their stay at the Uni- versity as much as they might have. It should be pointed out now, that as a University held function, Girl's State is go- ing to be influential in deciding whether a large number of high school students are going to attend this or some other school when they finish their preparatory work. For this reason the University should take a more active interest in Girl's State, and in order that the girls do not receive the impression that the University is more pa- ternalistic than it is, should perhaps request that "more recreational time be allotted to the girls." -Peg Nim DORIS FLEESON: The A mend ment WASHINGTON-"Why not bring it up? It should take only 20 minutes to de- bate lt." The bill which was the subject of this nonchalant argument by Senator McCar- ran on the Senate floor was not, as one might suppose, a measure to erect a com- fort station in the District of Columbia. It was, instead, a Senate resolution to amend the Constitution of the United States. It has other distinctions in addition to its classification as organic law. No public hearings were held on it. The full Senate Judiciary Committee had never seen it un- til after it was suddenly produced on May 28 on the Senate floor. Seven men, a bare majority of the com- mittee, had approved it in a flash meet- ing called together in the office of the Sec- retary of the Senate that morning and last- ed about 20 minutes. The seven: Chairman McCarran and Senators Willis Smith and Eastland, Democrats; Senators Ferguson, Jenner, Watkins and Hedrickson, Repub, licans. Of the other six members, Senators Kefauver, Magnuson and Kilgore were out of town. This trio admits to believing that a constitutional amendment deserves some- thing more than 20 minutes in commit- tee and 20 minutes on the floor, but their fortuitous absence was followed by anoth- er circumstance fortunate for the bill's author and determined proponent, Sena- tor McCarran. A parliamentary situation in a lackadai- sical session on Saturday designed to clean up routine matters enabled Senator McCar- ran to force agreement on giving priority to his motion to call up his amendment. The situation was saved for the adminis- tration only after both the majority and minority leaders had testified that Senator McCarran's maneuver violated the gentle- man's agreement between them which made the Saturday session possible. Sena- tor McCarran violently protested, but the Democrats, except for himself and Senator Byrd, stood by majority leader McFarland,, Minority Leader Bridges and whip Salton- stall kept their word, and Senator Morse added another Republican vote to the ma- jority to table the bill. The episode is instructive of the mood of the coalition which is bringing an un- productive session to a shabby close. The amendment represents a gratuitous slap at President Truman, and doubtless Sena- tor McCarran is right in believing it could DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsi- bility. Publication in it is construc- tive notice to all members of the University.Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3510 Administration Building before 3 p.m. the day preceding publication (11 a.m. on Saturday). Notices Applications for Fulbright Awards for graduate study or research abroad dur- ing the 1953-54 academic year are now available. Countries in which study grants are offered are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Burma, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thai- land, Turkey, the Union of South Af- rica, and the United Kingdom. The grants are made under Public Law 584, 79th Congress, the Fulbright Act, which authorizes the Department of State to use foreign currencies and credits acquired through the sale of surplus property abroad for programs of educational exchange with other na- tions. Grants are made for one aca- demic year and generally include round trip transportation, tuition, a living allowance and a small amount for necessary books and equipment. All grants are made in foreign currencies. Interested students who hold an A.B. degree or who will receive such a de- gree by June, 1953, and who are pre- sently enrolled in the University of Michigan, may request application forms for a Fulbright award at the office of the Graduate School. The closing date for receipt of applications is October 31. Persons not enrolled in a college or university in the spring or fall of 19- 52 should direct inquiries andarequests for applications to the Institute of In- ternational Education, U.S. Student Program, 1 East 67th Street, New York, 21, N.Y. The last date on which appli- cations will be issued by the Insti- tute is October 15. La Petite Causette: All students and summer residents who are interested in speaking French are invited to join this very informal group every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon between 4:00 and 5:00 o'clock in the Tap Room of the Michigan Union. A table will be reserved and a French-speaking mem- ber of the staff will be present, but there is no program other than free conversation in French. Registration of Student Organiza- tions: Student organizations planning to be active during the Summer Ses- sion must register in the Office of Stu- dent Affairs not later than July 3. Forms for registration are available in the Office of Student Affairs, 1020 Ad- ministration Building. Registration for Positions: The Bu- reau of Appointments will hold a meet- ing at 3:10 Thursday, June 26, in Room 231 Angell Hail for all students who wish to register with the Bureau for positions after summer school. This applies to those interested in the Teach- er Placement Division or the General Placement Division. Registration is op- en to both seniors and graduate stu- dents. Any student who will be avail- able for permanent employment after the summer session may register, even though it may be his first term in the University. For further information concerning registration for positions contact the Bureau of Appointments, 3528 Admin- istration Bldg., or call-extension 2614. Summer School Elections: All stu- dents who have been registered previ- ously with the Bureau of Appointents areasked to come to the office, 3528 Administration Bldg., and give us your elections for this term in order to bring your record up to date. Current address and telephone are also essential. Personnel Requests Personnel Requests The Eaton Manufacturing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, has an opening for a young woman who is interested in in- dustrial editing, as assistant to the edi- tor of employee publications. Persons qualifying for the position should be able to type and do correspondence and have some training in journalism. The Philadelphia Quartermaster De- pot, U.S. Army, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania, is currently recruiting Physical and Organic Chemists and Physicists with Ph.D's to conduct basic research on items related to the Quartermaster Laboratories. The Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Inc., need a structural or civil engineer for work in their Detroit plant. Armour and Company, Chicago, 1111- nois, is in need of chemists in its lab- oratories which is a training ground f*----------- oca".Y rPn~t in receiving applications from Metal- lurgical or Chemical Engineers, for job as assistant to lab director. Kelvinator, Detroit, Michigan, desires young man for advertising and sales promotion field. General Exchange Insurance Corpora- tion, Detroit, Michigan, is interested in college men who would like to become insurance adjusters. Station W-A-N-D, Canton, Ohio, would be interested in receiving appli- cations from single men students for radionannouncer and news reporter po- sitions now open. Prefer men from area of Canton and Massillon, Ohio. Amedical research laboratory in Ann Arbor is currently looking for a bio- chemist for its laboratory (man or wo- man). The g. H. Leggitt Company, Marshall, Michigan, wants to hear from men in- terested in a sales career. Firm does a large volume of business with Plumbing and Hardware, Public Utilities, B. P. Gas. Trailer and the soft Water In- dustries, with a Branch Office in San Marcos, Texas. Lectures Atomic Energy: Industrial and Legal Problems. Lectures. Thursday, June 26 at 10:00 a.m. 2 p.m., 100 Hutchins Hall. Morning session: "Nuclear Reactor Developments," Lawrence R. Hafstad, Director, Division of Reactor Develop- ment, Atomic Energy Commission. "Producing and Using Radioisotopes," Paul C. Aebersold, Director, Isotopes Division, Atomic Energy Commission. 10:00 a.m. Afternoon session: "Public Utilities and Nuclear Power," Walker L. Cisler, President, Detroit Edison Company. "Chemical Companies and Nuclear Pow- er," Edwin J. Putzell, Jr., Secretary, Monsanto Chemical Company. 2:00 p.m. "The Canadian Atomic Energy Pro- gram," J. Lorne Gray, General Man- ager, Atomic Energy of Canada. Ltd. "Labor-Management Relations," Wil- liam H. Davis, Chairman Atomic En- ergy Labor Relations Panel. 7:00 p.m., Michigan Union. Linguistic Forum. "A Linguistic Ap- proach to the Teaching of Classical He- brew." George E. Mendenhall, Profes- sor of Exegetical Theology, Hama Di- vinity School, Wittenberg College. 7:30 p.m., Rackham Amphitheater. Academic Notices Sociology 51s. Room Change. Section 2, 10 a.m., will meet in Room 2, Eco- nomics Building, instead of Angell Hall. Algebra Seminar: First meeting - Thursday, June 26, in Room 3010 A.H., from 3:00 to 4:30 p.m. Dr. M. Suzuki will speak on "Lattices of Subgroups." Concerts Carillon Recital. Sidney Giles, Assistant University Carillonneur. 7:15-8:00 p.m. Recital Postponed: The recital by Ro- bert Thompson, pianist, originally sche- duled for Thursday, June 26, in the Ar- chitecture Auditorium, has been post- poned until Monday evening, June 30. Carillon Recital: Sidney Giles, Assist- ant University Carillonneur, will open the series of summer carillon programs at 7:15 Thursday evening, June 26. It will include his Prelude 1 as well as works by'Lefevere, Nees, Clemet, Han- del, Gossec, Boccherini, MacDowell, and Mozart. The second program will follow at 7:15 p.m. Friday, June 27, with Ronald Barnes, Carillonneur of the University of Kansas, as Guest Carillonneur. Faculty Concert: Emil Raab, violin- ist, and Benning Dexter, pianist, will open the summer series of faculty con- certs at 8:30 Tuesday evening, July 1, in the Rackham Lecture Hall, with a program of sonatas for violin and pi.. ano by Beethoven, Piston, Frauck, and Ives. The concert will be open to the general public without charge. Exhibitions Museum of Art. Sixth annual exhibi- tion, Michigan Water Color Society. General Library, main lobby cases. Early and important works pertaining .to philosophy. Museum of Archaeology. Ancient Egypt and Rome of the Empire. Museums Building. Rotunda exhibit. Some fungi of Michigan (through June 28). Michigan Historical Collections, 160 Rackham Building, The changing Cam- pus. Clements Library. American books which have influenced the modern mind (through September 1) ON THE Washfigton Merry-Go-Round with DREW PEARSON WASHINGTON-The State Department has struck a snag with Dictator Franco of Spain regarding the much-discussed na- val and air bases he was supposed to give U.S. forces in return for the $187,000,000 which Congress voted him. When Ambassador Stanton Griffis discussed bases with Franco, about a year ago, he was effusive in his anxiety to do anything the United States wanted. In fact, it was Fran- co who took the initiative in wanting American cash and there seemed to be nothing he wouldn't do in return. Now, however, he is just the opposite. He wants American dollars to be spent in Spain only on his own terms. Specifically, the difference with Franco boils down to the fact that the U.S. Navy and Air Force want bases in Spain, while Franco wants modern military equipment for the Spanish Army. However, the tanks and heavy armor which he demands hap- pen to be the things which the U.S. Army is short of. Priority on this equipment goes 1st to Korea, 2nd to U.S. Forces in this country, 3rd to NATO allies in West Europe. Defense officials argue that to give Franco modern army equipment before we send it to France, Italy, Belgium, and other non-Fascist Allies would cause a furore in Western Europe. We are already far behind in our promises to them. Furthermore, Defense officials point out that they aren't much interested in the Spanish army anyway. Located on the southern tip end of Europe, it would be of no help in stopping the onrush of the Red atmy over France and Belgium to the English Channel. What they are interested in instead is air and naval bases in Spain. And regarding these, Franco now seems much less enthusiastic. Franco hasn't said so in so many words, but he seems to want the latest $100,000,000 voted by Congress more or less with no strings attached. WHAT U.S. WANTS MEANWHILE, the State Department has been engaged in a lengthly painstaking negotiation with Spain for the following; 1. Air and naval bases. 2. A technical aid agreement by which the United States would supply technicians for the improvement of Spanish agri- culture, public health, etc. 3. Anti-discrimination against American investors. At pres- ent Franco has strict laws against foreign capital, and so far has not been willing to change them. Negotiations for the above have now dragged on for three to four months. But whereas the Spanish dictator was practical- ly kissing Ambassador Griffis before the $100,000,000 was voted, now all he wants to kiss is the $100,000,000. However, Congress voted that this was to be spent at the discretion of the President, and both the State Department and the Defense Department have advised going slow. Franco lobbyists and friends in Congress are now pressuring to get the $100,000,000 spent right away, without the commit- ments demanded by the State Department. EISENHOWER ERRORS POLITICAL observers watch the struggle of General Eisenhower become a professional politicians overnight wish that the men around him had more political savvy. Two tactical boners which seriously hurt Ike's bargaining power could easily have been prevented. Boner No. 1-was Ike's statement endorsing MacArthur at his Abilene press conference. This aute.atically destroyed Eisenhower's bargaining power when Taft forces proposed MacArthur as keynote speaker. Eisenhower representatives were thunderstruck at the idea of having Ike's bitter army critic as keynote speaker. But since their chief had referred to MacArthur so glowingly at Abilene, the ground was cut out from under them in voicing mu4 opposi- tion to MacArthur at Chicago. Boner No. 2-was Eisenhower's statement in Dallas that he would lead no third party. ile it was undoubtedly true that Ike intends to lead no _Aird party, nevertheless his chief bargaining power in forcing Taft leaders to seat his delegates is the threat of a third party. Yet Ike threw that threat away. Had William Howard Taft, father of the Senator, known that Teddy Roosevelt would form the Bull Moose party as an aftermath of the delegate ruckus at the Chicag convention of 1912, Teddy would have had more delegates seated in that con- vention. Today, Bob Taft knows from his father's experience, that he cannot afford a third party movement. The threat of such a movement brings heart failure to his cohorts. Some of Eisenhower's leaders, knowing this, had been dropping hints of a 3rd party walkout. Whereupon their chief, General Ike, chucked this bargaining power out the window. Franklin Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, and Harry Truman, all master political strategists, 'never would have been caught mak- ing an error like this. ANOTHER RUSSIAN ATTACK? THE AIR FORCE fears that the B-29 that crashed into the Japanese sea a week ago may have been shot down by the Russians. Inside story is that the plane was on a weather reconnaissance mission along the Siberian coast. No radio report was received that it was in trouble. It just mysteriously disappeared. It may have flown too near the Siberian coast to suit the Russians, and jet fighters may have caught it by surprise as they did the Swedish plane over the Baltic. NEW TAX DEAL HAVING BEEN ONE of the first to criticize tax-fixing in the Internal Revenue Bureau, I want to be the first to con- t ' Political Conventions RECENT CONTROVERSIES have renewed opposition, long standing in some quar- ters, to political nominating conventions. The attitude that they are undemocratic and conducive to bossism and shady politi- cal deals is finding increased expression. The not unpopular view that a direct national primary would be the most satisfactory man- ner of nominating party candidates is being given wide publicity. In spite of all this criticism the party convention can be defended as beneficial to the working of American Democracy. The two major American political par- ties are both composed of many diverse elements. At the party convention all these elements are represented. The man select- ed at the convention will not be an ex- tremist since he must appeal to these many shades of opinion. The candidate so nominated can expect the support of most of his party during the campaign and once elected. This makes for intensi- fied political campaigning before election, and executives with sufficient support to accomplish most of their objectives when in office. Both these ends are desirable. In our impatience we sometimes neglect the fact that progress through compromise is part of the essence of democratic gov- ernment. It is only through the political convention, where all different shades of party opinion convene and may bargain freely with one another, that compromise support during the campaign or when elec- ted. What is needed is compromise and agree- ment within the parties and legitimate areas of disagreement between them. By using the primary method this would not come about. If the method was presently in use it is possible that General Eisenhower, a man with great popular appeal as a result of his failure to get involved in any controversial issues, might have received the nomination of both parties even though no one was quite sure what he stood for. This would have made the election meaningless. If the pri- mary system was in operation in 1944 the Democratic Party probably would have nom- inated Henry Wallace who was the logical 'candidate to succeed himself as vice-presi- dent. At the convention it became apparent that such a nomination would endanger par- ty unity, hence the disgarding of Wallace and the nomination of Truman, who was a short time later called upon to provide the courageous, competent leadership which he has given the nation for the past seven years. If any of the criticisms leveled at nominating conventins are valid, and some undoubtedly are, they arise not from the basic nature of the institutions but from flaws in the organization. It is true for example that they are not truly repre- sentative. The size of the delegations from the Southern States at the Republi- n7 n~o~fn fw ~r. -. . gratulate - Commissioner John' Dunlap on the careful way he is picking the new collectors under Civil Service, A five-man board is selecting them entirely on the basis of merit. Politics are completely out. The board is looking over the entire field, and may even select candidates outside Civil Service, if the candidates already in Internal Revenue aren't ade- quate. WASHINGTON PIPELINE BILL PAWLEY, close friend of the late Bob Hannegan, and rewarded with an Ambassador- ship by President Truman, is working secretly for Eisenhower, while still serving as Ambassador .... Governor Fine of Pennsyl- vania is raising the bidding ev- Sixty-Second Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. EDITORIAL STAFF Leonard Greenbaum...Managing Editor Ivan Kaye and Bob Margolin .. ......Co-Sports Editors Nan Reganall.....w....women's Editor Joyce Fickes..............Night Editor Harry Lunn .......,.......Night Editor Marge Shepherd......... .Night Editor virginia voss........ .Night Editor Mike Wolff.................Night Editor BUSINESS STAFF Tom Treeger.......Business Manager C. A. Mitts......Advertising Manager