TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, JULY 31, 19 ___________________________________________________________ m =-ma-m-ma-Me Communist Threat SINCE THE ADVENT of the Communist probe, and its establishment as a fashion- able governmental activity, two prevailing public attitudes have been taken on the subject. One is the attempt to convince as many mericans as possible that the possi- bility of Communist infiltration and subse- quent overthrow of the government is an im- mediate present danger. It has been consist- ently expounded by most members of gov- ernmental investigating committees and was recently given a sentimentally dramatic ap- peal by Whittaker Chambers in "Witness." Exponents of the other view have some- what more calmly attempted to play down the suspicion and distrust emanating from Congressional investigations. They have taken the trouble to analyze the danger of Communism in America with factual and historical evidence on the subject rather than from isolated but colorfully dramatic individual case histories. It is reasonably certain to expect that every day's newspapers will carry some ex- pression of the stand taken by the con- gressional investigators; what might as well be called the more liberal viewpoint doesn't have quite as much sensational ap- peal on its side. In the last week, however, two articles have appeared that pretty well represent the two views and that seem to point out which is closest to being right. Wecnesday, the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee headed by Sen. McCarran is- sued what was eidently supposed to be a well-timed release of a long-secret FBI re- port. The release said that Stalin has decid- ed that Communist dominance of the United States can only be accomplished by "forcible destruction" rather than peaceful means. Stalin is quoted as saying in 1939 that "the proletarian revolution is impossible without the forcible destruction of the bourgeoise state machine and the substitution of it for a new one." His statemefit is more or less innocuous, but the accompanying comment of Sen. McCarran reveals the intention behind the release. McCarran said he published the statement because "there have been some persons who tried to tell us the Commu- nists were hot dangerous; that they had no plans for an armed revolution in this country." He is trying to tell the public, in other words, that Communists are not only numerous, they are dangerous and threaten U.S. government at the present time. His is an attitude, therefore, aimed at arousing suspicion at all thought to be Communistic. In the Sunday New York Times, a very different man advocates quite a different at- titude. Humorist and playwright James Thurber, in an attempt to restore freedom of humor on the American stage, has a com- plaint to air with regard to the atmosphere of suspicion surrounding United States' playwrights because of Congressional probes of some of their faction. "Where accusation has lost its mind and suspicion has become a victim of persecution complex, it is hard for the creative writer, humorous or other- wise, to accomplish anything." Thurber points out that "the vast majority of meri- can writers are not Communists, and never have been Communists, but we have been politically rigged out of the chance to prove this." To override the prevailing atmosphere of suspicion, he cites a few pertinent facts and opinions: in the Presidential election of 1932, the Communists got 100,000 votes out of 40,000,000 and that year was their "great- est" year; quoting from Stuart Chase, "There are many things which alarm me in the world of 1952, but communism in Ameri- ca is not one of them." The comparison of Thurber's and Sen. McCarran's statements is of course invalid from any other point of view than the atti- tudes they are attempting to get the Ameri- can public to take. Sen. McCarran would like to see a suspicious public; Thurber be- lieves there is no need for the country's adopting such an attitude. It is impossible to see how an air of suspicion can benefit play- wrights or any other segment of the Ameri- can population. It is just as impossible to see how this air can be cleared while such men as McCarran attempt to convince the coun- try of the impending Communist danger. -Virginia Voss ICURRENT MOVIES At The State.. . RANCHO NOTORIOUS, with Marlene Dietrich, Mel Ferrer, and Arthur Kennedy. WISH YOU'D go away and come back ,ten years ago." Few Hollywood actresses could get away with this kind of stuff, but Marlene Dietrich puts it across with the sole aid of a slightly daised eyebrow. Not since she graced the badlands in the now-classic "Destry Rides Again" has a western been blessed with a cabaret singer who didn't act-like something out of the Santa Barbara High School senior play. "Rancho Notorious" is chock full of bar- room brawls and rugged hombres "quick- on-the-draw, and has a credible story line to boot. Arthur Kennedy's affianced is violated and murdered by an amorous bandit. Kennedy smells his way across the INTERPRETING THE NEWS: European Federation "Do They Say 'Ike' Or 'Adlai' On Them?" By J. M. ROBERTS Associated Press News Analyst EUROPEANS ARE NOW beginning to seek the road to greater political unity, an ul- timate necessity which has always been im- plied by joint military and economic action. The Schuman Plan has been put into effect, providing international control of the coal and steel industries of all the Western continent's major producing countries. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the new European Defense Community now control, or are expected to control soon, the military strength of Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, The Nether- lands and Belgium. Britain is in NATO and not in EDC, Germany in EDC but not in NATO. But both will come under the Euro- pean supreme command now headed by General Ridgway,mand political links will make them one organization for many prac- tical purposes. Cooperative programs growing out of the Marshall Plan and the Mutual Security pro- grams, under the United Nations, and among blocs within the major bloc, now interlace the continent's entire economic position. . As these programs developed, the au- thors, especially the Americans involved, knew that if the alliances were to be fully effective they would have to go beyond the military field and beyond a mere inter- locking of common economic objectives. Political unity once seemed fantastic. Yet other things, like French and German sub- mergence of national sovereignty over their steel and armed forces, seemed hardly less fantastic. As one step after another is taken, political union becomes more and more logi- cal. Chancellor denauer of Germany is pro posing an over-all political organization for supervision of the Schuman plan and EDC. That's a long way from the general Ameri- can idea that Europe should federate. But if such a bridge could be erected, the dis- tance between national sovereignty and ulti- mate federation would seem to be greatly shortened. France is working on an idea for in- ternationalizing the Saar, bone of strong contention between her and Germany. French proposals are still far from satis- fying Bonn. British and American diplo- mats think a Saar settlement must come before any other solid political commit- ments can be made. But they do not con- sider the problem insoluble. Leaders of British thought are speaking more forthrightly now about strengthened ties with the continent, insofar as it can be done without any loosening of ties with the Commonwealth. The London Times recently discussed the problem of bringing NATO power smoothly to bear on the great world problems of rela- tions with Russia, and finally remarked: "Common political institutions may in time .offer the best means of achieving this end." Common political institutions mean subservience of national sovereignty to in- ternational causes, something the U.S. and Britain have hardly considered for them- selves while advocating it for the other European allies. But if the East-West rift continues, and the pressures of collective security continue to call more and more insistently for collec- tive political action, then it is something they are going to have to consider. i DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN ON THE Washington Merry-Go-Round with DREW PEARSON WASHINGTON - Shortly before Evita Peron died, U.S. relations with Argen- tina had reached such an all-time low that eventual withdrawal of the American am- bassador was under consideration. The low point occurred July 10, with the bombing of the Abraham Lincoln Library in Buenos Aires, an official U.S. library operated by the State Department's Cultural Division. The American public, engrossed in po- litical conventions, knew almost nothing about this incident. And the Argentine police appeared to know, and care even less. Though the explosion injured two U.S. employees and did $15,000 worth of damage, the Argentine government merely shrugged its shoulders over the official protest of Charge D'Affaires Lester Mal- lory. In fact, the Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not even answer his protest for a matter of three days. Even in Moscow, American officials get more courteous treatment than the rude haughtiness handed out to U.S. diplomats in Argentina. Nor does the Moscow press go any further than the Argentine press in labeling Americans as "Wall Street imper- ialists," "Yanqui barbarians," and "war- mongers." Through all this, the State Department has continued to smile, a little stiffly it's true, and to maintain that the Peron re- gime was merely trying to divert comestic attention away from the sad plight of Ar- gentine economy by taking it out on the U.S.A. However, with the bombing of the Ab- raham Lincolnlibrary and the arrival of new U.S. Ambassador Albert F. Nufer, a stiffer policy is being adopted. Three months will be given the new am- bassador to work out a more reasonable Argentine attitude toward the U.S.A. If he does not succeed, it is more than likely that he will be recalled altogether. KANSAS CITY TAX COLLECTOR SEN. JOHN WILLIAMS of Delaware, the man who keeps the Internal Revenue Bureau continually on the buzz saw, is go- ing to probe further into the interesting fact that Harold A. Lockhart, the collector of internal revenue in President Truman's home town and former attorney for the President, suddenly turned up with $39,400 in cash. Mr. Lockhart carried his large bundle of cash in 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100-dollar bills down to the Federal Reserve Bank in Kan- sas City on Nov. 8, 1951, just a few days before he had to fill out a treasury ques- tionnaire regarding his assets and income. He explained to John Phillips, Jr., vice president of the bank, that he had been keeping the money in a safe-deposit box for some years and further explained to Senator Williams on Jan. 13, 1952, that he had ac- cumulated the cash over a period of 35 years because he had suffered a loss in a bank failure and had not trusted banks since. Vice President Phillips of the Federal Re- serve Bank reported that Lockhart's money "had the appearance of having been pack- aged for some time, and some national bank- notes were noted which have not been is- suable for circulation since 1935." QUIZZED BY SENATOR SENATOR WILLIAMS, who looked into the matter, found that the only bank failure in which Lockhart was involved oc- curred in 1931, about 15 years after he claimed he had started to accumulate a cash hoard. Furthermore, the failure occurred to the bank in which Lockhart claimed to have had a safe-deposit box, which would have meant that he would have had to transfer. his funds to another bank when the first bank closed. However, Lockhart, when questioned by Senator Williams, could not remember changing safe-deposit boxes. The Senator also asked him why none of the bills he turned in were large-size currency. At the time the government changed the size of the bills he would have had to turn in his currency, yet Lockhart could not remem- ber doing so. Nor could he remember changing gold certificates when the gov- ernment called them in. Later it was disclosed that Lockhart had an active bank account all during the time he claimed he was afraid to make bank deposits. (Copyright, 1952, by the Bell Syndicate) The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsi- bility. Publication in it is construc- tive notice to all members of the University. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3510 Administration Building before 3 p.m. the day preceding publication (11 a.m. on Saturday) Notices All applicants for the Doctorate who are planning to take the August prelim- inary examinations in Education, to be held from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 N. August 18, 19 and 20, 1952, wil please notify the Chairman of the Committee on Gradu- ate Studies in Education, Room 4019 University High School, immediately. Department of Astronomy. Visitors' Night, Friday, August 1, 8:30 p.m. Dr. Freeman D.hMiller will speak on "Fall- ing Through the Universe." After the illustrated lecture in 3017 Angel Hall, the Students' Observatory on the fifth floor will be open for telescopic ob- servation of a star cluster and a double star, if the sky is clear, or for inspec- tion of the telescopes and planetarium, if the sky is cloudy. Children are wel- come, but must be accompanied by adults., La Petite Causette: All students and summer residents who are interested in speaking French are invited to join this very informal group every Tues- day and Thursdaylafternoon between 4 and 5 o'clock in the Tap Room of the Michigan Union. A table will be re- served and a French-speaking mem- ber of the staff will be present, but there is no program other than free conversation in French. Examination Schedule In Six-Week Courses 8:00 a.m. 4:00 p.m., Thursday, July 31 9:00 a.m. 7:00 p.m., Thursday, July 31 10:00 a.m. 4:00 p.m., Friday, August 1 11:00 a.m. 7:00 p.m., Friday, August 1 1:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m., Augustg1 1:00 p.m. 8:00 p.m., Friday, August 1 2:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m., Thursday, July 31 3:00 p.m. To be arranged Personnel Requests: The U.S. Civil Service Commission announces an examination for U.S. Securities Processor in filling jobsin the Bureau of Engraving and Print- ing, Washington, D.C. This examination is open to women only: The International Business Machines Corporation, Engineering Laboratories, Poughkeepsie, New York, would like to hear from June or August Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. The Detroit Civil Service Commission is currently accepting applications of examinations to be given in all fields of work including all phases of engi- neering:architecture, civil, electrical and mechanical, all phases of Busi- ness Administration and Economics, all Public Health and welfare post- .tions and positions for which a degree is not required. Bulletins describing the work and requirements may be seen at the Bureau of Appointments The Advertisers Publishing Company, Ann Arbor, has two openings in its of- fice for young women. One is for a re- ceptionist and typist, the other is for a stenographer for the sales depart- ment. The Celanese Corporation of America, Cumberland, Maryland, has a very at- tractive offer to make to persons quali- fying as a Boiler House Superinten- dent. The position requires a B.S. de- gree in Mechanical Engineering and experience in power plant operation. Refrigeration plant experience is also desirable. The Young Women's Christian Asso- ciation, Fort Wayne, Indiana, has an- nounced two vacancies in its staff. One is for a program director for young adult work, the other for an assistant physical education director. The State of Michigan has announced a Civil Service examination to be giv- en for an Industrial Health Engineer III and for an Industrial Health En- gineer IV. The Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Nee- nah, Wisconsin, has a number of po- sitions to be filled: Trainees in cost accounting, industrial engineering, per- sonnel (male), manufacturing (pro- duction), sales. Also for design engi- neers, (mechanical, electrical, civil); Research Engineers (Chemical engi- neers-chemists) and Clerical positions. The Young Women's Christian Asso- ciation, Detroit, Michigan, has two openings on its staff for young women, one for a person with a Bachelor's de- gree in Health Education the other for someone with her Master's degree. Work would be with young employed girls and young married women in the Detroit area. skill and flexibility. Training in sociol- ogy, psychology, education, or group work business or industrial experience, and experience or training in mak- ing and writing up interviews and ob- servations are also helpful qualifica- tions. For further information, application blanks, and interview appointments, call the Bureau of Appointments, ex- tension 371, or come to 3528 Adminis- tration Building, Academic Notices Doctoral Examination for Orlando Bonilla-Soto, Bacteriology; thesis: "Se- lective Lysis of Brucella Cultures by an Obligate Bacteria-FeedingAmoeba," 3Thursday, July 31, 1564 East Medical Bldg, at 2:00 p.m. Chairman. W. J. Doctoral Examination for Lowell Wil- liam Beach, Education; thesis: "A Study of the Supervisory Leadership of the Elementary Principal," Thursday, July 31, West Council Room, Rack- ham Bldg., at 8:00 a.m. Chairman, G. M. Wingo. Doctoral Examination for Andrew Dominic Sujata, Chemical.rEngineer- ing; thesis: "Rates of Ion Exchange In the Sodium-Potassium-Dowex 50 Sys- tem," Thursday, July 31, 3201 East En- gineering Bldg., at 2:00 p.m. Chairman, R. R. White. Orientation Seminar (mathematics): Thursday, July 31, at 3 p.m. in Room 3001 Angell Hall. Miss LaSalle will speak on "Quarternions as Rotations." Seminar in Mathematical Statistics, Thursday, July 31, at 4 p.m., Room 3201 Angell Hall. Speakers, Mra. Royston and Mrs. Chou. Concerts Student Recital. sterling Thomas, pianist, will be heard in a program at 4:15 Thursday afternoon, July 31, in the Rackham Assembly Hall, in par- tial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music. A pupil of Joseph Brinkman, Mr. Thomas will play compositions by Bach, Mozart, and Brahms. The recital will be open to the general public. Student Recital: Clarence Brady, pi- anist, will be heard at 8:30 Thursday evening, July 31, in the Rackham As- sembly Hall, playing compositions by Bach, Beethoven, Rachmaninoff, Medt- ner, Debussy. A pupil of Joseph Brink- man, Mr. Brady Is presenting the pro- gram in partial fulfillment of the re- quirements for the Master of Music degree. It will be open to the public. Student Recital. Phares Steiner, grad- uate student of organ with Robert Noehren, will present a program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Music degree at 4:15 Friday afternoon, August 1, in Hill Au- ditorium. It will include compositions by Buxtehude, Bach, Vivaldi, Roger- Ducasse and Messiaen. The general public is invited, Summer Session Choir, Harold Decker. Conductor, will appear in a concert at 8:30 Friday evening, August 1, in Hill Auditorium, to which the public is in- vited. The first half of the program will include Three Psalms by Nor- mand Lockwood, Ave Maria by Jean Mouton, Be Glad Then America by Williams Billings; Czechoslovakian Folk Song arranged by Deems Taylor, Shep- herds' Song by Melville Smith, and The Bluebird and Jubilant Song by Norman Dello Joio. After intermission the choir will sing Bach's Cantata No. 4, Christ Lay in Death's Dark Prison. Exhibitions Museum of Art, Selections from the Permanent Collection. General Library. Dictionaries. Museum of Archaeology. Ancient Egypt and Rome of the Empire. Museums Building. Rotunda exhibit. Some museum techniques. Michigan Historical Collections, 1601 Rackham Building. The changing Cam- pus. Clements Library. American books which have influenced the modern mind (through September 1) Architecture Building. Student work. Events Today The Summer School Council in con- nection with the Women's League is holding duplicate bridge sessions every Thursday evening from 7:30 p.m. on. Try to bring your own partner. The room will be posted in the League. Carillon Recital. Professor Percival MATTER OF FACT By JOSEPH and STEWART ALSOP WASHINGTON-As usual when Presidents are being nominated, foreign affairs are forgotten. And as usual, like any unwatched pot, the world situation is coming to a boil again. The British eco- nomic situation is increasingly appalling, and plenty of troubles threaten elsewhere in the world. But it is in Iran that the unwatched pot is really beginning again to boil furiously. The real meaning of what has been happening in Iran is simple enough. In the fiirst place, the young, Hamlet-like Shah, once counted upon in the West as offering re-insurance against a Soviet take-over in Iran, has lost his power to Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq and his extreme Nationalist followers. In the second place, Mossadeq himself is in turn in grave danger of losing his real power to the religious fanatic and violent Nation- alist, Mullah Kashani, who has made an open alliance with the Communist underground. IF THE SHAH had used the then still loyal army and security forces to suppress the largely Communist-inspired anti-Qavam riots, he would now rule Iran in fact as well as name. But his more timid advisors warned of civfil war, and the Shah drew back. As a result, the army and the security forces are now wholly controlled by Mossadeq's National Front. Mossadeq's deputy, Hussein Makki, has warned the Shah that the fate of Marie Antoinette awaits him if he now attempts to interfere. The exile of Egypt's King Farouk, who was also once hopefully regarded as re-insurance for the West, has lent point to this warning. For all practical purposes, the Shah is no longer a force to be reckoned with. The second stage was reached last week, when Mossadeq again took power. His first act was to call in the British and American ambassadors, and-to talk more sense than he ever had before. Far more calmly than is his custom, Mossadeq discussed, the terms of a possible settlement. He talked of reasonable compensation for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, with the company to have world- wide distribution rights, and with the details to be settled by a three man board, headed by a neutral. These conversations in turn gave rise to long, anxious discussions in Washington ad London. The British were at first reluctant to start negotiating again. But just as they were on the point of agreeing with the Americans to accept the half loaf offered by Mossadeq,, rather than risk losing the whole Iranian loaf to the Soviet, Mossadeq did a sudden com- plete about-face. Late last week-end he saw the Western repre- sentatives again, and this time he reverted to his familiar mood of tearful unreason, refusing seriously to discuss a settlement. What happened was obvious. While the Qavam episode caused the star of the Shah to wane almost to vanishing point, it also caused the star of the small, sharp-eyed, ruthless Mullah Kashani to rise higher than ever. Kashann's murderous band of Moslem fanatics, in open alliance for the first time with the Communists, were chiefly responsible for the fall of Qavam. * * * * KASHANI IS A TOUGH and almost insanely ambitious man, If higher than ever. Kashani's murderous band of Moslem fanatics, in total chaos. Then, with the help of the Communists, Kashani can take power, either in person or through a stooge. With this prospect before him, Kashani has nothing to gain and everything to lose from a settlement. Thus Mossadeq's sudden reversal pressure from Kashani and his powerful allies in the National Front. The coming to power of Kashani could only be a Kerensky- like prelude to a full Communist seizure of power. Obviously, this is a moment of knife-edge decision for the whole Middle East. Iran is the key to the Middle East, and if a rational settlement can at last be negotiated with Mossadeq, the situation in Iran and elsewhere in the Middle East can no doubt somehow be kept glued together. Otherwise, this country may be faced with the choie of allow- ing Iran to go the way of China, or intervening forcefully to support any anti-Communist forces in Iran, however reactionary and blindly nationalist. It is believed in Washington that a Communist take-over in Iran must be averted at whatever cost, even the cost of a break with Britain on Middle Eastern policies. This in itself is a measure of the danger to the Western alliance of the crisis now reaching the boiling point in Iran. (Copyright, 1952, New York Herald Tribune, Inc.) JettePA TO THE EDITOR The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will be condensed, edited or vthheld from publication at the discretion of the editors. yt t DRAM.A Progressive Party .. . To the Editor: BECAUSE I should like few things better than a sound, truly progressive third party for which to vote in November, I am perhaps unreasonably irritated by the continuing attempts of the Progressive Party to delude me, and others, into believing that it is such a party. At any rate, I want publicly to ask the Progres- sives some questions which I am malicious enough to hope will prove embarrassing, although I should be genuinely delighted if someone-perhaps the enthusias- tic David Luce-could provide sat- isfactory answers. 1) Official leaflets assert ad. nauseam that the Progressive Par- ty is a party of "Negroes and whites." Will someone tell me which of our political parties is not? And, more important, why must the Progressive Party con- tinue to insult the Negro people by ostentatiously and virtuously proclaiming-as if the act did in- deed require some special virtue- how willing it is to include them in its ranks? Reasonable people, for their part, take such associ- ation for granted, think it deserves no unusual advertising. 2) The Progressive Party de- mands an immediate end to the conflict in Korea. How, precisely, is this to be achieved? Does the demand imply a unilateral with- drawal on the part of the United Nations, leaving the Communists free to do with Korea what they nlease? If not. what ioes it imnly? as am I. to the Smith Act, the McCarran Act, and the general, frightening denial of civil liber- ties to Communists and other ra- dicals. Is it, however, opposed- on any level or in any way-to the program and policies of the Com- munist Party in this country? Does it recognize the totalitarian nature of the Communist Party, both here and abroad, and does it wholeheartedly oppose all totali- tarianism? I should like to emphasize that none of these questions has any connection with the "are-you- now-or-were-you-ever" bludgeon so popular with congressional com- mittees. You are asking for my vote. Surely I am entitled to know the real color of your politics. -Homer Swander Sixty-Second Yea? Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications EDITORIAL STAFF Leonard Greenbaum Managing Editor Ivan Kaye and Bob Margolin .........Co-Sports Editors Nan Reganall ........... Women's Editor Joyce Fickles...............Night Editor Harry Lunn ...........Night Editor Marge Shepherd .........Night Editor Virginia Voss ..........Night Editor Mike Wolff.............Night Editor BUSINESS STAFF Tom Treeger......... Business Manager 0. A. Mitts........ .Advertising Manager SECOND THRESHOLD. By Philip Bar- ry, with revisions by Robert Sherwood. Presented by the Department of Speech. IN SPITE OF the fact that Second Thresh- old took some twelve years in prepara- tion, and was uncompleted at Barry's death, the conclusions arrived at in it do not differ appreciably from those of his earlier plays. Death, though sometimes attractive, solves nothing; hope and a little Loving-Kindness are our reasons for existence. The present play in its final form is a cur- ious amalgam of Barry's brittle and material philosophizing and the arbitrary intrusion of supernatural agents. Added to it is the final ordering and polishing of Robert Sher- wood. Philosophically it is not so conclusive level. Dialogue is all, and in Second Threshold it is largely introspective small talk. As the cerebral career man, Nafe Katter, who is by now an old-timer at this sort of thing, carries competently the heaviest load of the evening. Ruth Livingston as his daughter is good. Alsohpresent are Joel Se- bastian as the son and William Hadley as a young doctor. But the pleasantest surprise of the pro- duction is Patty Jewett as a girl from Bos- ton called Thankful Mather. Miss Jewett gives the standard role of the dizzy debu- tante-and, incidentally, the entire produc- tion-a fresh lift each time she appears. Direction was by Hugh Z. Norton, cos- I..