A 'TWO THE MICHIGAN DAILY SATURDAY, JULy 26, 1952 I HF -!!M or President INTERPRETING THE NEWS: Trouble in Iran Two Views of the Democrats THE NOMINATION of Adlai Stevenson on the Democratic ticket has insured the nation of an excellent selection of candi- dates and a campaign which will be un- usual in its intelligent and constructive ap- proach. Each party has placed its best candidate on the ticket and with this out- standing selection the voter will be able to decide his course,-on the basis of issues, not personalities. It is fortunate that in this crucial elec- tion year when so many significant issues must be decided, we have an opportunity to choose between these men. The elec- tion will not be a pushover for either can- didate. Although Eisenhower probably has greater popularity at the moment than Stevenson, the Illinois governor will have little trouble in establishing a loyal fol- lowing of hi's own. Significantly, neither candidate is strong- ly attached to the unfortunate aspects of recent party action, while both favor the basic theory underlying our present foreign policy-a policy in which most of the coun- try is in accord. Stevenson's nomination represented a de- feat of the extreme leftist element of his party as Eisenhower's victory was a reversal of rightist GOP leadership. Thus each man veers toward the middle of the road and is dedicated more to a course of intelligent stability than radical reforms in either dir- ection. Their policies en civil rights are substan- tially the same, although Stevenson would resort to Federal action before -Eisenhower would. The party platforms, which are in some respects direct opposites, will be un- doubtedly modified by the ensuing cam- paign, but there will be a difference in such issues as labor and government activities. The danger to both candidates is that their supporters may run the campaigns in such a manner that they will disinte- grate into mere mud-slinging. However, both men seem to have firm control over their organizations and this is not likely to happen. A campaign divorced of dema- gogery would be a welcome relief from the stuffiness of the conventions. 'The public is growing tired'of the same old Democratic charges of "bread lines," "men, selling apples in the street," "Wall Street interests" and other labels which are calculated to promote class struggle rather than unity. They are also fed up with GOP charges that Democrats deliberately started the last three wars and are plotting to turn the country over to Stalin. A more rational approach to politics is clearly indicated. A new era may open in American politics if this promise of a clean electoral fight comes true. With the, eagle eye of television 'following every candidate's move, this may well be the result. -Harry Lunn Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writer only. This must be noted in all reprints. ,NIGHT EDITOR: JOYCE FICKIES By J. M. ROBERTS, JR. Associated Press News Analyst ANTI-AMERICAN demonstrations reveal clearly the Communist influence on the Mossadegh movement in Iran. In another quarter of the Moslem world, Egypt, more governmental instability seems at first glance to have produced a slightly favorable swing toward the West. But the whole area is flying danger sig- nals. Flaming nationalism is a true enough part of the story, but not the whole of it. The Communist hand which began to play its part from Syrian and Lebanon bases dur- ing the war will be revealed more and more in the same role which it has played in In- dochina and Malaya. First it supports na- tionalist movements, then controls them, and then there is war. First signs of trouble have arisen in nor- mally friendly Saudi Arabia, which has en- joyed the most favorable oil contracts with Western interests. Now King Ibn Saud is demanding more. British relations with Iraq remain tech- nically fair, but are always on a danger- ous teeter-totter. Syria, Jordan and Israel could fly off the handle at any moment.,Resumed warfare in that quarter is never more than one inci- dent away. The Iranian Shah has made his play, as predicted in this column a month ago, and lost. He was j1. Western interests for settlement of the An- glo-Iranian dispute. Western diplomats will have to start thinking now about whether they are prepared to use force to prevent Iran from falling into the Communist sphere. The one great thing Egypt needs. is the governmental cleanup promised by her new military ruler, who has shoved aside the flaccid King Farouk. But if General Naguib succeeds it will be something uni- que for Egypt.. The real play for the Western powers in Iran and the Arab world would seem to be support and guidance for the nationalist movements after the fashion, but without the imperialist intent, of the Russians. And that may be no longer possible. ON THE Washington Merry-Go-Round Doris Fleeson . . . CHICAGO-President Truman has decided to let nature take its course at the Democratic convention. He has told National Chairman McKinney and Interior Sec- retary Chapman, perhaps others, that he will keep hands off the balloting for president and vice president. The President said he would campaign for the ticket. This is an implicit promise to support anyone named. It does not therefore rule out Senator Kefauver. Since the trend plainly is toward Governor Stevenson he may assume that he has boarded a bandwagon. The President originally had hoped to dominate the conven- tion, platform and rules. He had proposed that the party and nominees run on his record with him leading the battle in a whistle-stop campaign. This is not going to happen, whether the Stevenson trend prevails or Kefauver smashes through with a-surprise capture of the uncom- mitted delegates. What is happening here shows that the people or at least the Democrats want a change but not too much change. They are clinging to the basic framework of the New Deal but rejecting those who have been running it lately. The proof lies all about. It lies in the rejection of Vice President Barkley, a symbol of the past, beloved though he is, and the utter failure of Averell Harriman, who campaigned as a complete Fair Dealer, to gain an inch here. A stop-Stevenson coalition of Kefauver and Harriman has failed because Harriman proved to have nothing to contribute. to it. It lies in the manner in which Gov. Jimmie Byrnes of South Carolina and Sen. Harry Byrd of Virginia, voices of an even more distant past, have been neatly fenced off. The convention seems not to care what they do or how they do it. Washington is going to get a new look. Whatever happens from here on in, new names and new faces will dominate the Democratic party. This will be true not only in the White House and in the Congress but in the whole party organi- zation-national, state and local. The new look will apply equally to the men who stand in the semi-darkness of the wings, including personal friends and advisers of the incumbent president, heavy campaign contribu- tors of the past and legal talent. For example, Washington is certain .to see a whole new crop of lawyers practicing on the Burning Tree golf course. How well this fact is realized can be seen on the wry faces of current officeholders. It is evident in the almost panicky insistence of these gentlemen, and assorted court jesters and hangers-on, that Mr. Truman can and must -be drafted. Actually, the President has told his real spokesmen here that under no circumstances will he run again. Actually this group is without hope. If Governor Stevenson has made any one thing plain it is that he has no intention of being saddled with the liabilities of the past. Senator Kefauver's difficulties first arose from his attacks on such elements and his insistence that the party needs rejuvenation. The best suites of the Chicago hotels are filled with these gentlemen. There has, however, been a noticeable lack of the bounce that usually characterizes Democratic conventions. This is because the numerous parties are taking on the aspect of wakes. The prevailing climate in the hotel lobbies is one of nervousness and uncertainty. Nobody can tell who is going to be important to- morrow. (Copyright, 1952, by The Bell Syndicate) with DREW PEARSON CHICAGO-There were some tense mo- ments during the Democrats' battles over the loyalty oath and the seating of the Southern delegates. Bitterest of all was South, Carolina's Governor Jimmie Byrnes who at times trembled with rage. More moderate lead- ers among the Southern delegates ma- neuvered to keep him off the rostrum. Almost equally bitter was Sen. Harry Byrd of Virginia. Instead, the more moderate Southern leaders were carefully picked as spokesmen Senators John Stennis of Mississippi, Spes- sard Holland of Florida and Olin Johnston of South Carolina. They knew that if the South really did bolt the convention, South- ern senators would lose their prize positions as chairmen of the key committees of Con- gress--places which have given the South tremendous power in writing legislation, and blocking it. Almost every key committee in both houses of congress today is headed by a Southern Democrat. Most paradoxical development of the en- tire loyalty-oath fight was the fact that Sen. Walter George of Georgia turned out to be the author of one part of the oath to which the South objected. George said he would have no objection to some such phraseology as "every Amer- ican wants to subscribe to the principle of majority rule," and, second, that "every delegate subscribing to this pledge agrees to vote for the nominee of this conven- tion." Edits from England Commanders without Masters THE YALU bombing controversy will have done some good if it sets people think- ing about the principles on which defense partnerships are to be conducted in condi- tions of unofficial war. Because these groups are large-14 nations strong in Nato and 17 strong in Korea-governments have to delegate some authority, and it rightly falls on the most powerful. So long as things go well, no one wor- ries much about the loss of a certain amount of national control over strategy, foreign policy and resources. As soon as they go badly, everyone worries furiously and tries to regain control by more liaison, consultation, channels and cables. The military commander feels the lead still tighter on the collar and the basic diffi- culty of giving him political direction at his own desk is ignored. It is difficult not to susvect that serious thought on this matter is avoided in White- hall all because it is always hoped there that Anglo-American consultation will again take the form it had under President Roose- velt and Mr. Churchill. But there are at least five governments in Nato-and the Germans will soon make a sixth-which will refuse to recognise the divine right of Wash- ington and London to direct the political and military strategy of free Europe. The question, as the French say, imposes itself: how is political authority to be dele- gated and exercised in a powerful military alliance? A hypothetical example makes the dif- ficulty clear. Suppose that American troops in Germany are attacked by a posse of Communist SS from Eastern Ger- many. What discretion has the local com- mander? Does he take orders from the officer commanding American troops in Germany, or from the Commander-in- Chief of Allied Land Forces-General Juin -or from General Ridgway? Or does the _ _- ..L _ _ _ _ L _ Lumping the Dean T HE DEAN of Canterbury is riot a notice- ably modest man and his arrogant self- righteousness-is not likely to be lessened by the advertisemeit Parliament gave him on Tuesday. The Commons dealt with him by question, the Lords by formal debate. All but an insignificant fraction of his country- men are angered by the Dean and he is held in wide contempt. Yet, as the Prime Minister argued and as the Archbishop of Canterbury agreed, it would be wrong to persecute him. We have seen what the effect of the persecution of opinion has been in all the States under Communist rule; we have watched with growing alarm the spread of the same spirit in the United States and other couptries. There is no essential difference between Stalin and Senator McCarthy in their destructive effect on the democratic way of life. And with these examples before us we need to walk extremely warily. As Mr. Churchill said, "Free speech carries with it the evils of all the foolish, unpleasant, ven- omous things that are said, but on the whole we would rather lump them than do away with it." Churchmen are naturally angry that the Dean exploits his ecclesiastical position. Wherever he goes he sports a large silver cross and his gaiters. The simple who do not understand the peculiar organization of the Anglican Church naturally take him as its representative and not as a'mere turbulent priest. As the Archbishop said sadly, there are people in Eastern Europe who, hearing the word Canterbury, roll Archbishop and Dean into one. That, however, cannot be helped. The Dean has parson's freehold and can be turned out only by altering the law. And to alter the law would mean something like a revolution in the relations between Church and State. This is not the time for that. Nor Py any reasonable construction of the law can the Dean be got at through the courts. He may come near to hlasnhemv in Young Franklin Roosevelt, when he read the latter pledge to vote for the nominee of the convention remarked: "I don't think we can tell every delegate who they should vote for." However, this part of the oath, having been proposed by a distinguished leader of the South, was left in. When Gov. Allan Shivers of Texas saw it, however, he objected: "I can take the oath," he said, "if you omit this section"-referring to the second part of Senator George's proposal. Its omission was immediately agreed to. During the private discussions over seating of the Southern delegates, Sen. Earle Clements was the roughest of all Southerners. Sore over Vice President Barkley's retirement from the race, he used caustic, bitter language toward young Roosevelt and others. "At least my family for generations has voted the Democratic ticket," he said, re- ferring to Elliott Roosevelt's deviation to the GOP. Other committee members recalled that no one in years had done so much for the party as the man who happened to be El- liott's father. BUYING DELEGATES HOW MUCH MONEY was put up for the expenses of delegates or buying dele- gates seldom leaks out during a national convention. At this convention there prob- ably was relatively little, due in part to an advance expose of Sen. Robert S. Kerr's mysterious emissary from Kansas, State Senator Bob George. He was the man who turned up in California and bought $1,600 worth of free railroad tickets to Chicago, which he tried to hand out to the California delegation, all of them pledged to Kefauver. Only two California delegates accepted his free travel. George's hand also was apparent in Idaho, where Mrs. Lavera Swope, one of that state's delegates, received $500 by mail. However, when Ira Masters, also of Idaho, got wind of it, he protested to State Senator George, who in turn sent a telegram to Mrs. Swope, with a copy to Masters. Apparently, George misunder- stood Masters' motive because the tele- gram read: "regarding that $500 give $250 to Masters." Later, when Senator Kerr met with the Idaho delegation he apologized for the inci- dent. State Senator George's heart is in the right place, he said, but he shouldn't have done it. Reports of Kerr's money being used to pay expenses of delegates was on the minds of various delegate.s For instance, H. S. Dole, a delegate from Kansas, who wanted to vote for Kerr, announced in a caucus that he was not going to do so. "I want people to know that I paid my own way to Chicago," pole explained. * * * NOTES FROM SMOKE-FILLED ROOMS Deals, and' sometimes double-deals were being made and unmade during the hectic closing days of the convention. At one time Governor Stevenson's backers had offered the vice presidency to four different people, even though their man allegedly was not a candidate. 1. Gov. Mennen Williams of Michigan and Sen. Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota were asked to line up Kefauver to run as VP on the Stevenson ticket; 2. Sen. John Sparkman of Alabama was sounded out on becoming VP for Stevenson; 3. Jonathan Daniels of North Carolina was discreetly approached as VP; 4. Yet word from Stevenson was that he personally preferred Sen. Bill Fulbright of Arkansas. Ae _ ,a ~ a m.i n ..aci -.4 - .1.1-s. v~ ..,. . z , L /','__'' .--r. ,.. .'=: J .. .. ' . , The Alsop Brothers ... CHICAGO-As these words are written, the ritual clamor of the nominating speeches fills the Convention Hall. Perhaps this is a good time, before the final outcome, to note an extremely significant fact. The Democrats think they will win this election. In a queer way, the Democratic atmosphere this time is rem- iniscent of the Republican atmosphere in 1948. There is the same assurance, the same bland disregard of the common mis- chance and misfortunes of politics. There is also the same ten- dency, one must add, to under-rate the opposition. In 1948, the Republicans thought any Chinaman could lick Truman, and the great argument was about which Chinaman would receive the assignment. In the same fashion among the Democrats here in Chicago in 1952, only a very few wise and seasoned operators seem to be able to bear in mind the great popular strength and potent personality of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower. The rest of these Democrats remember only that they over- estimated the General's campaigning magic in the days before Abilene. They now appear to count on him to spend the entire election eampaign with his foot In his mouth, talking, so to speak, through his toes. In the humble opinion of these reporters, this is a mood and these are expectations dangerous to any party. None the less, the Democratic confidence of victory has greatly helped so far. It is the real explanation of the rather successful compromise of the civil rights issue which has been arranged here. It was something of a triumph for the Democrats to bring everyone but the Virginians, Louisianans and South Carolinians into the same corral. BEFORE THE CONVEN.TION opened, there was far more bitterness and far more belligerency, both in North and South, than there was four years ago. The Northern civil rights advocates were all but ready to expel the South from the party, because of the record of the Southerners in the conservative coalition in Congress. By the same token, the Southerners, filled with hatred of President Truman, were all but prepared to take a walk. When they all got together here, however, they found that they were bound together by unexpectedly strong ties of common interest. If they had thought the election was going to go against them both sides would have kept at each others' throats. The temptation to indulge their real feelings would have been too strong. Instead, with all the fruits of victory piled up, as It were upon the table in the Platform Committeeroom, both sides re- strained their emotions lest the hoped-for feast be snatched away from them. The true atmosphere was typified by an incident early in the haggling, when Gov. Allan Shivers of Texas leaned across the table to Sen. Herbert Lehman of New York, and said, "You fellows have got to help us." To this Lehman replied, "Well, you fellows have got to help us too." This spirit, plus the intervention of President Tru- man to prevent an open break over the loyalty rule, produced the eventual rather peaceful result. The true last-ditchers-Gov. James F. Byrnes of South Caro- lina, Sen. Harry Byrd of Virginia and the more fiery spirits of Americans for Democratic Action-were abandoned by their re- spective armies. W. Averell Harriman, whose candidacy stood to gain greatly by a no-holds-barred civil rights fight, thought first of his party and of his candidacy second. And all but the South- ern extremists were able to reach a workable accommodation of view. The prospect of relative Democratic unity unquestionably im- proves the Democratic chance of victory. To this, any honest observer who has attended both the great conventions must add one further point. Although the Democratic party has grown pretty old and pretty raddled in 20 years of office, it has still managed to look more vigorous, at least on the surface, than the Republican party. * * * * CERTAINLY THIS IS mainly because the old guardsmei controlled the Republican arrangements. Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy was the most important political newcomer the old guard summoned to the Republican podium. With almost no exceptions, the old guard ora- tors struck only three notes-nostalgia for the past, hatred of the present, and uneasy fear of the future. And the Republican rank and file, although they nominated Gen. Eisenhower, seemed to think that the embittered oratory they were hearing was just the stuff to feed the troops. The Democrats do' not suffer from any of the Republican neuroses, deep as their sectional division undoubtedly is. These people here are an extraordinary mixture and cross-section. But almost all of them appear to enjoy and approve the official Democratic boasting and optimism, which are as fake in their way as the venomous Republican partisanship and pessimism. Almost all of these Democrats, moreover, will fight hard and hopefully to elect their candidate. Altogether, with Gen. Eisenhower both leading and symbolizing a revivified and reformed Republican party, and with the Democrats in this vigorous and -combative mood, the election ahead should be one of the most stirring this country has seen. (Copyright, 1952, New York Herald Tribune, Inc.) 1. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigai Daily assumes no editorial responsi- bility. Publication 'in it is construc- tive notice to all members of the University. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3510 Administration Building before 3 p.m. the day preceding pubUcation (11 a.m. on Saturday). Notices List of Approved Student-Sponsored Social Events for the coming Weekend: July 26, 1952-Phi Delta Phi Record Party, Phi Alpha Kappa. July 27, 1952-Alpha Chi Omega open house, Inter-Cooperative Council. Closing hours for women students who attended "Winterset" on Wednes- day and Thursday, July 23 and 24, will be no later than 11:00 p.m. Cercle Francais: The Cercle Francais of the Summer Session meets every Wednesday evening at 8:00 in the Hen- derson Room of the Michigan League. Ten meeting sff ,. aa.va rneam no the guests of the University have been sent to students whose addresses are available. Students who are complet- ing work for the Master's degree but who may not have received an invita- tion should call at the Summer Ses- sion office, 3510 Administration Build- ing, for tickets. A few tickets are available at $1.25 for friends of the students. Lectures Saturday, July 26 Conference on Housing the Aging. Getting Action. 9:00 a.m., Rackham Am- phitheater. Conference luncheon and summary of findings. 12:00 m., Michigan Union. symposium on Heat Transfer. "As- pects of Emission of Radiation by High Temperature Gasses." Martin Sum- merfield, Princeton University. 10:00 a.m., 311 West Engineering Building. Sociedad Hispanica. On Tuesday, July 29, Professor Sanchez y Escribano will deliver a lecture on "The Region- al Music of Spain." Place: East Con- ference Room of the Rackham Building. Auditorium. The Band's Library, 11:00 a.m.; The Band's Equipment and Uni- forms, 1:00 p.m.; meeting of the Na- tional Association of College Wind and Percussion Instructors, 2:00 p.m., 204 Harris Hall. University Summer Symphony Or- chestra, Wayne Dunlap, Conductor, will be beard in its annual concert at 8:30 Monday evening, July 28, in Hill Audi- torium, featuring Ava Comin Case and Mary Fishburne, School of Music fac- ulty fembers, in Mozart's Concerto No. 10 in E-fiat major for Two Pianos and Orchestra, K. 365. The program will open with Handel's Suite from the "Water Music" and con- tinue with Mozart's composition men- tioned above. After intermission, the orchestra will play Copland's Outdoor Overture, Honegger's Pastorale D'Ete, and close with Hary Janos Suite by Kodaly. The concert will be open to the gen- eral public without charge. Faculty Concert. Gilbert Ross, violin- ist, and Helen Titus, pianist, will be heard in a program at 8:30 Tuesday, July 29, in the Rackham Lecture Hall. It will include Mozart's Sonata in G major, K. 379, Sonata No. 2, Op. 32, by Nikolai Lopatnikoff; first perform- ance of Ross Lee Finney's Sonata (1951), and Bach's Sonata in G major, No. 6. The general public will be admitted without charge. n -) 1 0 *.*- 0, 4P . 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