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bAUuiJUAiX, JULY 22, U1950


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1 1UAD L. 3 IUftIajl5
Grand Effort
WASHINGTON-In his explanation of the
meaning of Korea in messages to Con-
gress, the American people and the world,
President Truman intimated very plainly.
that the United Nations may be expected td
act under its charter, as it did in Korea, iri
the case of any similar Russian-cloaked ag-
gression through satelliates anywhere else
in the world.
This is most significant and has far-
reaching implications.
It is predicated on the new concept of
Russian strategy held here, which the Presi-
dent has made his own, and on which the
broad mobilization of manpower and re-
sources he advocated is based.
* * *
THIS CONCEPT is that Russia now has
shifted from the infiltration process
familiar in the "cold war" to the direct mili-
tary thrust in which she, herself, does not
appear openly and publicly, but operates
through satellites and stooges, as in North
Korea.
This may happen anywhere else suddenly.
At least this is the assumption on which our
policy, and that of our allies, is based-and
apparently is also recognized clearly by the
United Nations itself. Here's what the Presi-
dent said:
"In addition to the direct military ef-
fort we and other members of the United
Nations are making in Korea, the out-
break of aggression requires us to consid-
er its implications for peace throughout
the world. The attack upon the Republic
of Korea makes it plain, beyond all doubt,
that the international Communist move-
ment is prepared to use armed invasion to
conquer independent nations. We must
therefore recognize the possibility that
armed aggression may 4ake place in other
areas."
The United Nations was organized to keep
" peace throughout the world" and in keep-
ing with that purpose it acted in Korea. The
Inference may be drawn it would act similar-
ly elsewhere to keep "peace throughout the
world."
TIS IS BUTTRESSED by the President's
very careful exposition of United Nations
procedure in the Korean case, the basis for
it, and for cooperation and participation as
a UN member, which he presented before
his broad diagnosis of the Russian objectiv
and our policy toward it.
Step by step the President built up the
case of the United Nations in Korea, which
can apply elsewhere if the aggression is
repeated. He branded the North Korean
attack as "naked, deliberate, unprovoked
aggressio, without a shadow of justifi-
cation . .. outright breach of the peace,
in violatioli of the United Nations Chart
ter." That created "a real and present
danger to the security of every nation"
and, "a demonstration of contempt for
the United Nations, since it was the at-
tempt to settle, by military aggression, a
question which the United Nations ha
been Oorking to settle by peaceful means."
It was, he added, "a clear challenge to the
asic principles of the United Nations Char-
rr," a challenge, which, if not met, he said,
ould have ended the effectiveness of the
nited Nations. The only deduction from n
hat is that the UN similarly must-and pr -
umably will--meet any similar challenge.1
therwise it could not survive.
RESIDENT TRUMAN dismissed as "flatlyt
disproved by the facts" Russia's conten-r
ion that the UN Korean action was illegal.
he Soviet attitude toward aggression in1
orea, he said further, "is in direct contra-
iction to its often expressed intention to

ork with other nations to achieve peace in
he world," a summation that will serve, like-
ise, as a refutation of Russia's present
'peace offensive" currently promoted by pe-
ition through Communist channels in this
ountry as elsewhere.
This is the case, prepared by the rresi-
dent of the United States, and ready if
Russia moves again as in Kqrea. It con-
stitutes as solemn a warning as is possible
from a President of the United States. It
is reinforced by our preparations that in-
clude not only a very considerable increase
in our military forces, and equipment, and
our productive potential but, also more
armed aid for the other free nations which
are our allies in this world-wide contest..
It represents a grand effort, entailing sub-
tantial sacrifices by our people, to preserve
he peace of the world.
Copyright 1950, by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.)
iditorials published in The Michigan Daily
re written by members of The Daily staff
nd represent the views of the writers only.
NIGHT EDITOR: LARRY ROTHMAN
What Are We
Fighting For?
F I AM ASKED what we are fighting for,
I can reply in two sentences.
Tin~ 4.. -« ..7,.. 1_. -_

Point Four Appropriation

American Victory On The Home Front

THE SENATE Appropriations Committee
almost made a tragic mistake recently.
It slashed by two-thirds the President's re-
quest for $30 million for the Point Four Pro-
gram. But fortunately it reversed itself and
finally recommended $34,500,000 for the
program..
Had the Committee not reversed itself
it would have practically destroyed one
of the most enlightened and realistic pro-
jects the U.S. has ever undertaken. This
Alaska-Ha-a-
T IS GOOD NEWS that Majority leader
Lucas has promised the Alaskans and
Hawaiian statehood bills will be called up
in the Senate before adjournment. For until
this assurance was forthcoming, the prospect
was that these important bills might be
passed over.
Senator O'Mahoney of Wyoming has is-
sued an excellent statement in behalf of
passage of both bills:
"Hawaii is the melting pot of the Pacific.
What happens in Hawaii will be known im-
mediately throughout the Pacific world. De-
nial of statehood to Hawaii would be capi-
talized by Communistic propagandists ev-
erywhere.
"The same is true with respect to Alas-
ka. This territory is less than 1,000 miles
from Korea and only 50 miles from. Siber-
ia. It is a reservoir of undeveloped natural
resources. We should permit nothing to
interfere with statehood, not only on the
grounds of international policy for the
promotion of self-government, but also on
the ground of economic development and
self-defense." '
Both parties are on record for two new
stars in the flag. President Truman has re-
peatedly urged action on the bills. Why not
call up the bills and pass them? It would be
a double psychological blow at the global
drive of the Communists for supremacy.
-St. Louis Post-Dispatch

program of technical assistance to under-
developed countries can gain invaluable
good will toward the U.S., open new mar-
kets, and provide a much needed basic de-
fense against further spread of Commun-
ism.
Nothing is more appalling than an eco-
nomically miserable people having to resort
to Communism to raise their level of living.'
But a distressed people can not help embrac-
ing Communism when its proponents can
present them with, a positive plan for im-
proving their lot.
It is foolish for the U.S. to stand by and
let a people go Communistic in this man-
ner, especially when it is evident that we
may have to fight them some day if they
do.
When we do fight it will take $10 billion
for military equipment, as is the case in
Korea, while some far-sightedness could
have xery cheaply have prevented Commun-
ism from gaining a foothold in the first
place.
The situation in Iran is typical. Its main
troubles are caused by the disease of back-
wardness. Lack of technology, misallocation
of resources, inefficient administration all.
contribute to leave destitution in thei,
wake. The country is in perfect condition
for Communist propagandists to capture the
imagination of the people and effect a coup.'
* Under an adequate, forceful Point Four
Program, the welfare of countries such as
Iran could be greatly improved. With suf-
ficient technical aid and expert advice in
administration, education, and health ser-
vices, backward states could be brought up
to twentieth century levels and in the pro-
cess make such a country invujnerable to
internal threats of Communism.
The $34,500,000 appropriated by the Sen-
ate Appropriations Committee is still inade-
quate to the need of the program when wq
realize that a little far-sightedness might
have saved $10 billion and the lives of the
men dying in Korea.
-Paul Marx

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INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
This New Urgency
By J. M. ROBERTS, JR.
AP Foreign Affairs Analyst
ONLY A FEW WEEKS AGO the rearmament of Western Europe
was considered more or less of an adjunct of the Marshall Plan.
Only a few weeks ago President Truman said he thought there
was an improved outlook for peace.
The Atlantic Pact was entered into to take care of what was con-
sidered an outside chance, and as a deterrent.
TODAY THE MARSHALL PLAN is being more or less by-passed, and
the actual military security of the allied anti-Communist peri-
meter has become the paramount.thing.
How quickly the situation has changed is pointed up by the
European arms aid appropriation passed this week.
Started through Congress before the display in Korea of Com-
munist intent to use direct military aggression in its expansion pro-
gram, this measure, in addition to direct arms aid, provides only for
payment for raw materials and machinery needed for munitions pro-
duciton in Europe.

II

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,T

* * *

*

et te/ TO THE EDITOR
The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of
general interest, and will publish all lettersrwhich are signed by the writer
and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or
libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will
be condensed edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the
editors.

WHEN THE ATLANTIC PACT foreign ministers met in London it
was supposed that this military production would be in addition
to and not interfere with the regular economic effort.
Now the Europeans are considering stepping up their efforts
and converting peacetime production into war production. Wash-
ington is considering a straight dollar subsidy for the purpose, to
avoid new dollar shortage troubles which such a cutback in export
goods would produce.
Under the plan, the U.S. might pay France directly in dollars for
rifles which would be delivered to Belgium, thus paying for the loss
in, say, automobiles for export. This is believed necessary to get the
Europeans to greatly increase their own defense expenditures, which
their finance ministers say they are not now able to do without inter-
fering with economic recovery.
. * * * *
IN ADDITION, the United States is expected to go all out in providing
its own share of European arms. Where this week's bill provided
only a billion and a quarter dollars for the purpose, now there is talk
of five billions more. That will mean an effort to do immediately what
originally was considered a five year job.
Another sign of the new urgency is contained in the plans for
next week's Atlantic Council meeitng in London. Originally de-
signed as an organization meeting-the, American representative
was sworn in only this last Thursday-it is now expected to get
right down to brass tacks, with these production and aid matters
to the fore.
All this new urgency has come about in an atmosphere spotlighted,
but certainly not entirely accointed for, by the Korean war.

a

,.

ON THE
Washington Merry= Go -Round
WITH DREW PEARSON

World Peace Appeal .. .
To the Editor:
THE RECENT attack by Dean
Ralph A. Sawyer on the World
Peace Appeal (Stockholm Peace
Pledge) must be examinedrclosely
in view of our foreign policy and
the world situation. Briefly, the
World Peace Appeal deals with
atomic weapons in three points:
1-Outlawry of atomic weapons
as instruments of aggression.
2-Strict international control
to enforce this.
3-The country that first vio-
lates this to be considered the ene-
my of all.
It will be easily seen that both
Russia and the United States have
agreed to the principles set forth
in this appeal. The difficulty has
arisen on point two-how to en-
force a ban on atomic weapons.
Otherwise both countries have
quite vocally expressed through
the UN a desire to outlaw atomic
weapons. Although our govern-
ment may have atomic superior-
ity, it realizes that no country can
win an atomic war and has offered
to submit to proper international

control. This has been Americar
policy for five years and there
seems to be little opposition to it.
If Dean Sawyer (and incident-
aly several national organiza-
tions) wish to see our policy
changed and therefore oppose the
World Peace Appeal, they should
do so with the realization that it
may seriously damage our position
throughout the world-particular-
ly in Western European countries
as France, Italy, and Holland
where over 90 per cent .of the po-
pulation has signed the Appeal.
The world wants peace. It has
had enough destruction and de-
sires atomic weapons banned as
was gas in. the last w'ar. Since
governments have become dead-
locked on atomic energy, the Ap-
peal is circulated in an attempt to
rally the sentiment of the common
man in hopes that it will make na-
tions hesitate before plunging the
world into chaos.
Already 200,000,000 in Europe
and Asia, 1,000,000 in the U.S.,
and 10 percent of our campus have
placed their names behind the
World Peace Appeal.
-Gordon MacDougall

1
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WASHINGTON-Down in Oklahoma they
aren't letting the Korean war make
them forget the importance of clean politics.
Not only have they got wise to the specula-
tions of Senator Thomas, but the only Okla-
homa Congressman who failed of re-election
on -July 4 was Victor Wickersham of Man-
gum, who enjoyed some peculiar arrange-
ments with his employees which had all the
earmarks of the same salary kickbacks that
landed Congressman Parnell Thomas in
jail.
As a result of these salary arrangements,
Oklahoma voters got suspicious of Con-
gressman Wickersham, and the seven op-
ponents running against him got more
votes than he did. Now he faces a run-
off.
The FBI has been investigating Wicker-
sham, who, incidentally, happens to be a
Democrat, while Parnell Thomas is a Re-
publican.
One of the. young men hired by the Con-
gressman under peculiar circumstances has
now received a pay-off. He is Lloyd Mat-
thews, who worked in the Congressman's
real estate office in Washington, though his
salary was paid by the American people to
handle Congressional matters.
On the same day I first exposed Wick-
ersham's payroll padding - Dec. 12, 1949
-young Matthews wrote a letter to his
friend Aubrey Witt, another member of
Wickersham's staff, in which he said:
"Mr. Wickersham finally reached me to-
night after several efforts and undying per-
sistence. He told me," continued Matthews,
"to do exactly what I had planned to do
anyway, keep my mouth shut. Amazing how
a man's magnanimity increases in direct
proportion to the duress under which he is
subjected. He, out of the clear blue sky, ask-
ed me how I would like to help with the
census . . . his remark was plainly forced,
but he said it . . . adding whipped cream to
the dessert, he continued: 'How would you
like to go to West Point'?"
Wickersham gave Matthews the earliest
possible appointment to West Point, and
he entered this year's batch of plebes, July
5, 1950.
It also appears that Matthews kept his
part of the bargain "to keep my mouth shut."
For he denied to the FBI that he paid any
kickbacks to Wickersham, though his good
friend, Aubrey Witt, formerly employed by
Wickersham, told the FBI otherwise:
TWO KICKBACKS
THIS WASN'T ALL. Here are two entire-
ly new salary arrangements the Con-
gressman had, definitely involving kick-
backs.
In March and April of last year, he put
two young constituents, Steve Fisher and
Phil Symcox of Cordell, Okla., on the fed-
eral payroll. However, they didn't report

explained that they had not put in a full-
six week period for each 250 check and de-
manded a kickback of $127 from each.
This was paid directly to him, whereas
their origi al salary checks were paid them
by the U.s. Treasury. Thus, the Congress-
man was in a position to pocket the $254
- $127 from each.
Fisher and Symcox, when reached by tele-
phone, verified the above facts. They also
said that immediately after this column first
exposed Wickersham's payroll peculiarities
last December, they received mysterious re-
ceipts for the $127 each which, on the re-
verse side, stated that the money had been
spent for addressing envelopes.
In other words, six months after Fisher
and Symcox kicked back to the Congress-
man, and after part of his payroll activities
had been exposed, Wickersham hastily ar-
ranged for 'receipts which could serve as an
alibi if he were charged with pocketing the
kickback money.
The great majority of Congressmen, in
the opinion of this observer, do not in-
dulge in payroll irregularities. They use
the office allotments given them by the
government to run their offices efficiently
and for the benefit of their constituents.
However, one or two rotten apples can
spoil a whole barrel.
* *
HOME FRONT MOBILIZATION
STUART SYMINGTON, top mobilizer for
the domestic front, has picked Robert
Smith, head of Pioneer Airlines in Texas, to
be vice chairman of his National Security
Resources Board.
In so doing, Symington side-stepped a
request from labor that a labor leader be
vice chairman. This was the strategy
Roosevelt followed in naming Sydney Hill-
man of the Amalgamated Clothing Work-
ers and William Knudsen of General Mo-
tors as co-chairmen of the Office of Pro-
duction Management.
Instead, Symington invited labor leaders
to appoint one of their number either as hig
assistant or as head of one of his bureaus:
He asked for the best man they could find,
and promised that he would be an integral
and important part of the Resources Board.
Incidentally, Symington came out of the
meeting tremendously impressed at labor's
backing of the government and its oppo-
sition to Communism.
"These men really know what it is to bat-
tle Communism," he remarked to an asso-
ciate afterward. "Walter Reuther and Jim
Carey (mainsprings of the United Auto
Workers and the International Electrical
Workers) have even been shot at by Com-
munists. They really know what this fight
is about."

DAILY, OFFICIAL BULLETIN

Publication in The Daily Official
Bulletin is constructive notice to all
members of the University. Notices
for the Bulletin should be sent in
typewritten form to the Office of the
Summer Session, Room 3510 Admin-
istration Building, by 3:00 p.m. on
the day preceding publication (11:00
a.m. Saturdays),
SATURDAY, JULY 22, 1950
VOL. LX, No. 20-S
Notices
Law School Admission Test:
Application blanks for the August
12, 1950 Law School Admission
Test are still available at Room
110 Rackham Building. Applica-
tion blanks are due in Princeton,
'N.J., not later than August 2, 1950.
Lectures
H. W. Leverenz, of the RCA Re-
search Laboratories, Princeton,
N.J., will give the four Summer
Electronics Symposium lectures on
"Luminescence of Solids" at 10
a.m., Rm. 1400 Chemistry Bldg.,
MTThF of . the week beginning
July 24.
Prof. J. C. Slater, chairman of
the department of physics, M.I.T.,
will give the eight Summer Elee-

tronics Symposium lectures on
"Energy-Level Solid State Prin-
ciples," at 9 a.m., Rm. 1400 Chem-
istry Bldg., on MTThF during the
two weeks beginning July 24 and
31.
Pol. Sci. 279, Public Policy and
Atomic Energy. Seminar meeting
open to the public at 3 p.m., Tues.,
in the East Conference Room of
the Rackham Bldg. Prof. Arthur
N. Holcombe, Harvard University,
will speak on "Atomic Develop-
ment Administration and the Pub-
lic Interest."
Mathematics Education Lecture:
Prof. M. H. Ahrendt of Anderson
College will lecture on,"Linkages,"
in Rm. 31, BusAd Bldg. at 2 p.m.,
Monday.
Jon Eisenson, Director of the
SpeechgCenter, Queens College,
Flushing, N.Y., will give the fol1-
lowing lectures during his visit at
the University Speech Clinic. 1.
Testing of Dysphaics. 3 p.m., Mon.,
Rm. 101, Speech Clinic. 2. Testing
of Dysphasics. Tues., Rm. 101,
Speech Clinic. 3. Personal Prob-
lems of Speech Handicapped Peo-
ple. 1 p.m., Wed., Rm. 101, Speech

Clinic. Open to students in speech
correction.
Exhibitions
General Library, main lobby
cases. Contemporary literature
and art (June 26-July 26).
Museum of Archaeology. From.
Toml3s and Towns of Ancient
Egypt.
Museums Building. R o t unda
exhibit, Fossil Flora of the Mi-
chigan Coal Basin. Exhibition
halls, "Some Indian Cultures of
North and South America."
Law Library. History of Law
School (basement); classics for
collectors (reading room).
Michigan Historical Collections.
160 Rackham Building. Tourists
in Michigan, yesterday and today.
Museum of Art. Oriental cera-
mics (June 26-August 18). Mo-
dern graphic art (July 2-30).
Clements Library. American
Colonial Culture. (July 5-August
1).
Events Today
Saturday Luncheon Discussion
Group meets at 12:15 p.m., Fire-
place Room, Lane Hall. Rev. Henry
Yoder will discuss: "Education in
the Modern University." Reserva-
tions taken at Lane. Hall by 6: 00,
p.m. Friday afternoon.
Coming Events
The Survey Research Center tea
for the members and faculty of
Third Annual Summer Institute
from 4 to 5:30 p.m., Mon., in the
W. Conference Room, Rackham.'
Young Progressives of America:
Forum on Korea followed by dis-

cussion, 7:30 p.m., Mon., Union.
The Inter-Arts Union: Informal
discussion of "Folk-Music on the
Contemporary Scene." Prof. Ross
Lee Finney will participate. 4:15
p.m., Mon., Michigan League.
Graduate Outing Club: Meet, 2
p.m., Sun., Northwest entrance
Rackham. Swimming, and picnic.
Bring cars. Final plans for over-
night trip.
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Fifty-Ninth Year
Edited and managed by students of
the University of Michigan under the
authority of the Board in "Control of
Student Publications.
Editorial Staff
Philip Dawson.....Managing Editor
Peter Hotton............ity Editor
Marvin Epstein........Sports Editor
Pat Brownson.......Women's Editor
Business Staff
Roger Wellington.... Business Manager
Walter Shapero...Assoc. Business Mgr.
Telephone 23-24-1
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The . Associated Press is exclusively
entitled to the use for republication
of all news dispatches credited to it or
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All rights of republication of all other
matters herein are also reserved.
Entered at the Post Office at Ann
Arbor,.Michigan, as second-class mail
matter.
Subscription during regular school

).
4



BARNABY

Why not unload those
worthless options you
hold on the old route
for thelhighway- The
State is definitely Well.. .1f
building on my route- you're SURE,
Mr. O'Malley-
7-;r

And you'll sign a note-
You'll guarantee me one
hundred per cent return
on my money, O'Malley?-
Let's not
\ r my man-
Of course.
And they've asked me to I

Cushlamochree, Barnaby! The
things a Fairy Godfather-has
to go through...Just to do a
little good for the comfnunity!
1 guess Pop
will be happy
it's all settled,
Mr. O'Malley.
09kmor/
vB10ychtngi Jgh ay1 w. IPa l.
IBarnaby, the original highway was

s.
A

o" :1 crr..k .Jo..., 1~. . . . ot.

I



IF ----------------

I Don't interru" , Bornaby...So I