-I PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN I ALLY LL TMMSDAY, JULY 20, 1950 THE MICHIGAN bAILY THURSDAY, JULY 20, 1950 Scottsboro Case -- Finis N0 OTHER INCIDENT has better exem- plified the ultimate justice of democracy than Governor Williams' recent refusal to extradite Haywood Patterson, one of the nine Negroes who were involved in the in- famous Scottsboro Case in 1931. That case has often been referred to as color-blind jus- tice-a euphemism for atrocious injustice. Williams' decree is compatible with the the- ory that in America, although justice may not always accrue immediately, it is certain- ly imminent and ultimately forces its way into motivated public action. The facts show that the 1931 trial was a blemish upon American justice. On March 24, 1931, a slow freight, bearing a crowd of young Negro and white vagrants, chugged its way to the Alabama town of Scottsboro. Two enticing white prostitutes were also aboard. An argument started. It soon de- veloped into a brawl. For nine of the Ne- groes, the fracas ended in a Scottsboro jail. The hysterical, sobbing girls claimed rape to Alabama officials. With a jazz band incongruously playing in the dis- tance and a frenzied mob frantically shouting for blood, the defendants were tried, convicted, and sentenced to death. To illustrate the bigoted thought of a pre- valent attitude toward the case, here is a March 26, 1931 excerpt from the Chatta- nooga Times: "And as her (the prostitute's) story was being unfolded the Negroes were telling jokes in another part of the bastille. Nasty jokes, unafraid, denying to outsiders they were guilty, laughing, laughing, joking, joking, unafraid of the consequences, beasts unfit to be called human. The defendants, however, had the weight of the evidence on their side. Upon examina- tion of the girls, a doctor reported evidence of sexual intercourse, but it had taken place some time before the train skirmish. Any- how, the girls were proved to be libidinious prostitutes who made a living out of de-, bauchery. It is noteworthy also that the de- fendants hadn't attempted to escape the scene of their alleged crime. Nevertheless, they were all convicted of rape. Of course, the Communists saw an op- portunity to capitalize on the results of the trial. Immediately, they stepped in, sent in- vestigators to Scottsboro, retained lawyers, and undertook an appeal to a higher court. In short, they assumed the role of defenders of justice. The work in behalf of the ac- cused-by such notables as Clarence Dar- row, Dorothy Van Doren, Walter White, sup- ported by the NAACP, and others-went for naught under the bombai'dment of the CP propaganda. The Communist Party opposed viciously all other efforts to aid the defen- dants. White referred to the Communist zeal as "the cynical use of human misery by Communists in propagandizing for Commun- ism." At any rate, the Supreme Court finally reversed the death sentence, and in the course of time, all but Patterson were releas- ed from prison. In 1948, Patterson escaped from the Ala- bama prison and made his way to Michi- gan-a fugitive from "justice". Of course, the iniquitous treatment of the case had added spicy food to the propaganda line of the Communists-a tasty dish to be devoured, digested, and assimilated by the American people. To them, it was unfore- seen that an unequivocal refusal to extra- dite by Williams would partly nullify their shouts that American courts were grossly unjust. Although Haywood Patterson's unfortun- ate vicissitudes made him, in a sense, a m tyr, no one would deny his sacrifice's future influence upon easing racial tensions. The just end to the Scottsboro Saga is a com- mendable tribute to a system which stresses progress through the ballot rather than through the bullet. -Cal Samra THOMAS L. STOKES: China Deal WASHINGTON-Coping with the North Korean Communist aggression is a United Nations project and clearly so rec- ognized. It must remain a UN pro ject to the very end. That is, the UN must carry through its order that the North Koreans, who committed the aggression, must with- draw beyond the 38th parallel which sep- arates North from South Korea, or be compelled by force, before there can be any talk of a settlement. The peace set- tlement, itself, and the deposition of the whole Korean problem, then muist be handled also by the UN. This is emphasized anew because of the peace mediation proposals by Prime Minis- ter Pandit Nehru of India which presumably would call, as a first step, for admission of Communist China on the UN Security Coun- cil to replace Nationalist China. This immed- iately was seized by Generalissimo Joseph Stalin who would make the seating of Com- munist China a prerequisite to mediation by the Security Council which he would sup- port then under those conditions. ADMISSION of Communist China is clear- ly a side issue, a procedural issue for the UN and within the UN and has nothing whatever to do with the aggression issue. Not only is our government not in a mood to bargain on the basis of China on such a fundamental matter as is involved in an act of open aggression in violation of the UN charter, but it has no authority to do so as that is for the UN itself. It is expected, in its reply to Prime Minis- ter Nehru, to hold that the prerequisite to UN settlement of the Korean affair, rather, is withdrawal of the aggressor within his own borders which is the position that the UN itself, announced at the outset when it took responsibility under the charter. We backed up that position then and will con- tinue to back it up.I The question of admission of Commun- ist China can be settled later and inde- pendently. Our government has taken a very reason- able position on the seating of Communist China. That is up to the Security Council, itself. While we have announced that we will vote against it, which is our privilege, we will not use the veto against Communist China's admission, or "walk out" as Russia has done so often, and if the council votes it, it will be accepted by us., Russia has abstained from the UN and its agencies over the seating of Communist China, and did not take part when the Korean aggression issue came before the Security Council, nor has she taken any part since. She claims that actions on Korea have been illegal, but the best authorities hold differently, hold that the UN had authority to act and could do nothing else but act if it intended to live up to its charter and to survive. Now Russia is willing to bargain-on her "No Hitching On!" ON- aA ry~e kpS CAUSE :'\' ON THE Washington Merry- Go-Round WITH DREW PEARSON WASHINGTON - General MacArthur's banning of newspapermen from Korea emphasized what the American public prob- ably has not realized - namely that there has been virtual censorship over American newsmen in Japan for some time. MacAr- thur has constantly rowed with American newsmen over their right to report what was going on in his area. Ongrof the men whonwas at first barred from the Korean front last week, Tom Lambert of the Associated Press, previous- ly had signed a long protest to the Ameri- can Society of Newspaper Editors com- plaining of MacArthur's censorship. Others signing the report included repre- sentatives of the New York Times, Na- tional Broadcasting Company, Time and Life Magazines. They pointed out, among other things, that a newsman "who had written stories which occupation officials considered criti- cal .. . had -his home raided by the Army's CID and that he - the correspondent - was subjected to interrogation and threats." They also pointed out that whereas "the government section (of the occupation for- ces) actively encouraged correspondents to expose misappropriations of Japanese mili- tary supplies, G-1 and G-2, which had clas- sified information relating to the matter, took exception to the resulting stories and efforts of reprisal were taken against at least one correspondent." "Stories - on the purge," the censorship protest continued, "including many facts supplied by G-2, caused their authors to be branded personally by General Mac- Arthur as among the "most dangerous men in Japan." Observers are now wondering whether MacArthur's censorship may not have caus- ed not only the American public but per- haps the general himself to get the wrong view of what was happening in Japan and Korea. It was following MacArthur's as- surance that he could "guarantee" success that President Truman made his fateful Korean decision. Obviously, MacArthur himself was not fully informed at the time he said this. Editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. NIGHT EDITOR: NANCY BYLAN TAKE PROFITS OUT OF WAR LONG BEFORE the President's message to Congress, farsighted Senator Lester Hunt of Wyoming had helped draft 56 emer- gency laws providing for every type of con- trol conceivable. These were drafted by a subcommittee under Senator Hunt, and were to be rushed through Congress at the drop of the first Russian bomb. Despite this network of war controls, however, nothing has been done about the basic problem of taking the profits out of war. For years, wise old Bernard Baruch has been urging the control of war profits. If you conscript men's lives, Baruch has argu- ed, you must also conscript such less valu- able commodities as factories, raw materials, and profits. However, Congress did not act prior to World War II, and so far there is no pro- posed law ready for the statute books which would conscript profits in case of World War III. During World War II, most of the na- tion's big corporations rolled up terrific profits, even after deducting the excess- profits tax. However, Bernie Baruch's sage advice still is being spurned. Senator Hunt's committee is also consid- ering how to replace Congress in case it should be wiped out by a surprise atomic blast. The Constitution gives state governors the right to appoint U.S. senators to fill unex- pired terms. However, there is no legal way to replace Congressmen before their terms expire, except by special elections. In an emergency, however, the government may not have time to wait for such elections. Legislation for special elections is not yet on the books, though some senators have urged that it be passed and kept on legisla- tive ice. The idea would be to stockpile leg- islation much the same as strategic mater. ials are stockpiled - to save time in case of sudden emergency. However, Stuart Symington, the new NSRB chairman in charge of mobiliza- tion planning, is againstthis idea. He would stockpile the plans, rather than the actual legislation. Then Congress could make last-minute changes and keep the legislation up to date before passing. Symington, incidentally, is one of the few who vigorously favor Baruch's propo,3al that profits in industry be conscripted as well as men's lives. (Copyright, 1950, by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.) terms. OUR HANDLING of the Indian Prime Minister's overtures will be courteous and careful, and appreciative of his concern for peace which is also our concern. He wields large influence in Asia, of which we are conscious. But, likewise, the prestige of the UN is at stake, and fundamentals must come first. The UN cannot afford to let the major issue become confused, nor can we. At the very outset the UN moved in boldly and promptly, and assumed responsibility in the attack on its integrity by the North Korean aggression. It has continued to assume responsibil- ity and to press for its objectives, most recently in the message by Trygve Lie, to all member nations except Russia and her satellites, to provide ground troops to assist the United States which thus far has borne the brunt of the fighting with' the South Korean Army. It cannot turn aside until it has achieved the objective set forth when it fulfilled its duty under its Charter. (Copyright 1950, by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.) Wholesome Test THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS has pro- vided an academic-freedom case that is worth noting for the way it differs from the usual run of such cases these days. An economics professor resigned recently, and his friends charged it was because of pressure from a dean who didn't like the professor's economic theories. Hearing that much of the story, one immediately prepares for a description of the professor as a radi- cal, a fellow traveler, a lecturer against pri- vate ownership and the policies of the Na- tional Association of Manufacturers. But quite the opposite picture is provided. The professor, his friends said, had "free enterprise" theories that didn't agree with those of the dean. He was, in other words, a conservative, and the charge, in effect was that he was not free to teach his conser- vative views. The case was closed with a faculty com- mittee's report that there had been no viola- tion of academic freedom and with a tacit acceptance of that report by the board of trustees. It is good to know that the univer- sity administration is absolved of trying to DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Publication in The Daily Official Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University. Notices for the Bulletin should be sent in typewritten form to the Office of the Summer Session, Room 3510 Admin- istration Building, by 3:00 p.m. on the day preceding publication (11:00 a.m. Saturdays). THURSDAY, JULY 19, 1950 VOL. LX, No. 17-S Notices College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Schools of Education, Forestry, Music, and Public Health -Students, who received marks of I, X, or "no report" at the close of their last semesteraor summer session of attendance, will receive a grade of E in the course or courses unless this work is made up by July 26. Students, wishing an extension of time beyond this date in order to make up this work, should file a petition ad- dress to the appropriate official in their school with Room 1513 Ad- ministration Building, where it will be transmitted. Edward G. Groesbeck Assistant Registrar The Hercules Powder Company of Wilmington, Delaware will be interviewing students who will have either a B.S. or M.S. degree in Chemistry or Chemical Engi- neering at the Bureau of Appoint- ments on July 25 and the morning of July 26. Please call the Bureau of Appointments, Ext. 371, for ap- pointments. The Bureau of Appointments has had a personnel request from the Los Angeles Laboratories, Inc. They are interested in young men, who are interested in pharmaceu- tical sales. Candidates may be graduates or undergraduates and the positions may be part-time or full-time. For further information call at the Bureau of Appoint- ments, 3528 Administration Build- ing. An examination for Elementary Teacher in the Bureau of Indian Affairs has been announced by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. The positions to be filled pay $3,100 a year, and are located in Indian schools in the Territory of Alaska and in many western and southern states. For further information contact The Bureau of Appoint- ments, 3528 Administration Build- ing. The United States Civil Service Commission announces examina- tions for Chemists and all types of Engineers to fill positions in Illi- nois, Michigan, Wisconsin. There is no closing date for these exami- nations. The U.S. Civil Service Commission also announces exam- inations for Bacteriologist, Bio- chemist, Serologist, The Detroit Civil Service Commission an- nounces examinations for all types and levels of engineers, X-Ray Technician, and Practical Nurse. The Michigan Civil Service Commission announces examina- tions for Student Psychiatric So- cial Worker and Psychiatric Social Worker. The closing date is Aug- ust 9, 1950. For further information please call at the Bureau of Appoint- TO THE EDITOR The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of gen- eral interest, and will publish all let- ters which are signed by the writer and in good taste. Lettersexceeding 360 words inelength, defamatory or libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the editors. Modest Proposal ... To the Editor: THE UNIVERSITY of Michigan chapter of the Young Pro- gressives of America at its mem- bership meeting July 12 voted unanimously to endorse the Mod- est Proposal on the Korean war offered on the editorial page of The Daily the same day. We feel, however, that the American peo- ple have not received all of the background leading up to the war. It is our hope to supplement The Daily article with pamphlets and forums to bring out many of the facts hidden by our commercial press. -Gordon MacDougall, Chairman, Young Progressives of America, ments, 3528 Administration Build- ing. Lectures Seminar in Applied Mathema- tics: Thursday, July 20, at 4 p.m., Rm. 247 W. Engineering Bldg. Prof. Sydney Goldstein will speak on "Diffusion by discontinuous movements and on the telegraph equation." Thursday, July 20 Education Conference. 'Atomic Energy in Peace and War." Ralph A. Sawyer, Dean of the Horace H. Rackham School of GraduateStu- dies. 4:00 p.m., University High School auditorium. Contemporary Arts and Society Program. Panel discussion, "The Arts and Society." Participants: Professors Henry Aiken, John Ci- ardi, Ross Lee Finney, Edward W.1 Rannells, Charles Stevenson, and Curt Sachs. 4:15 p.m., Rackham Lecture Hall. Lecture. "The Magna Charta," T. Richard Milford, Chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral, Oxford, Eng- land, and Custodian of the Magna Charta. 4:15 p.m., Rackham Am- phitheater. Symposium on Physiology and Chemistry of the Cell. "The Anti- genic Constitution of Paramecium Cells in Relation to Determination, Transformation and Inheritance." T. M. Sonneborn, Proffessor of Zo- ology, University of Indiana. 4:15 p.m., Auditorium, School of Public Health. Linguistic Institute. "Cultural Implications of Some Navaho Lin- guistic Categories." Professor Har- ry Hoijer, University of California at Los Angeles. 7:30 p.m., Rack- ham Amphitheater. Concerts Student Recital: Elmira Koeh- ler, Pianist, will be heard at 8:30 p.m. Thursday, July 20, in the Rackham Assembly Hall, in a pro-1 gram of works by Bach, Beethoven,c Schubert, Schumann, and Debus- sy. It is presented in partial ful- Bone of Contention Bh JAMES D. WHITE AP Foreign Affairs Analyst HISTORICALLY, wars have not ended in Korea until one side is crushed, or until settled elsewhere on a higher level. Korea long has been a crazy-bone of power politics. It is so placed that neither Japan, China, nor Russia has ever been able to feel safe as long as there was a possibility that one of the others might use Korea as a stepping stone to conquest. If it is true that Russia and China at the moment have buried their ancient conten- tion over Korea, it is also true that America has replaced Japan in the Korean power-picture. This ancient unease about Korea is partly - though only partly - behind the Russo-American deadlock over Korea since 1945. Korea began living dangerously as soon as her neighbors found out her small size, and the great size of what lay beyond her. China first moved in, long ago. Then in 1592 the Japanese conqueror Hideyoshi invaded with 250,- 000 men. The Koreans crushed him, with some ironclad warships they invented. In the 1890's the Japanese came back, fighting a war with China over Korea. The Chinese lost. Czarist Russia sought to nul- lify this Japanese gain, and in 1904-5 fought a war with Japan, partly over Korea. President Theodore Roosevelt helped settle this, but at:the expense of giving Japan a free hand in Korea. In 1910 the Japinese annexed Korea outright, and left only when crushed in World'War II. Even little wars drag out in Korea. In 1938 I watched one along the Korean-Siberian border. The Japanese garrison was fighting Rus- sia's Far Eastern army. The terrain was pretty worthless, but a political boundary and army prestige were at stake on both sides. It took Tokyo and Moscow more than a month to get this thing stopped, and both were trying because they had bigger fish to fry. At the front, far from both capitals, there was notthe slightest sign the fighting would ever end if local commanders had anything to do with it. IN KOREA TODAY the real protagonists are America and Russia. Both are under double - probable triple - compulsion. Neither side can risk the political cost of a Bataan in Asia as the cold war stands now. For America to let Korea slide would be to risk a series of defections among Asian powers who have no stomach to be on the losing end of a third world war. Russia may not be able to permit a Communist defeat in Korea - unless she is prepared to risk satellite defections, possibly in Europe as well as in Asia. The least she could expect in Asia, par- ticularly, would be a rash of Titoistic "independence" movements as satellite leaders scuttled for safety. Russian failure to back them up would throw them back on pure nationalism for survival. Strategically, America considers Korea in Communist hands a dagger pointed at Japan. Russia considers Korea in American hands a capitalist dagger under her Siberian ribs. Whether valid or not, this concept is politically exploitable in both America and Russia. Possible meeting grounds to resolve this triple-plated stand-off are the United Nations, and direct negotiations. With the United Nations arrayed against Russia, a solution to the Korean problem that would not be considered prohibitively expensive in Moscow is obviously going to be hard to find. Direct negotiations may offer some quiet way out if both powers get scared enough of a third world war. If so, there is no hint of what it might be. In the meantime, both the Americans in South Korea and their Russian-supported foes from north of the 38th parallel are slugging it out - in a setting where slugfests never have been easily stopped. v fillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music in Music Literature, and will be open to the public. Miss Koehler is a pupil of John Kollen. Carillon Recital by Percival Price, 7:15 Thursday evening, July 20. Program: Andante, from the "Surprise" Symphony by Haydn, five Schubert songs, Fantaisie 6 by Percival Price, five Canadian' airs, and Weinbergre's Perpetuum mobile and Polka, from Schwanda. Exhibitions General Library, main lobby cases. Contemporary literature and art (June 26-July 26). Rackham Galleries: "Contem- porary Visual Arts" and "Ameri- can Painting Since the War," July 3-22. Museum of Archaeology. From Tombs and Towns of Ancient Egypt. Museums Building. R o t unda exhibit, Fossil Flora of the Mi- chigan Coal Basin. Exhibition halls, "Some Indian Cultures of North and South America." Law Library. History of Law School (basement); classics for collectors (reading room). Michigan Historical Collections. 160 Rackham Building. Tourists in Michigan, yesterday and today. Museum of Art.. Oriental cera- mics (June 26-August 18). Mo- dern graphic art (July 2-30). Clements Library. American Colonial Culture. (July 5-August 1). Events Today Community Center, Willow Vil- lage: Thursday, July 20, 8 p.m., ceramics,-choir. U. of M. Sailing Club: There will be a meeting Thursday, 7:30 p.m., Room '11 West Engine. Deutsches Haus, 1101 Church St., will again hold open house Thurs- day, July 20, 1950, from 7:30-10 p.m. Everyone is again cordially invited to join in the games and singing. Refreshments will follow. Reports on past gatherings are very favorable, and the remark of many guests is that the departure time comes much too soon. French Club: Meeting today at 8 p.m. in the Michigan League. Two French films will be shown, one on Paris and the other on the (Continued on Page 3) Vj~ I 4 Fifty-Ninth Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staf Philip Dawson......Managing Editor Peter Hotton.............City Editor Marvin Epstein......... Sports Editor Pat Brownson.......Women's Editor Business Staff Roger wellington....Business Manager Walter Shapero... Assoc. Business Mgr. Telephone 23-24-1 Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press Is, exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited to this newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein are also reserved. . Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor,.Michigan, as second-class mail matter. Subscription during regular s pool yearby arrer, 5.0, b mai, 1.00 CURREN MQiO 1= At The Michigan.. . ANNIE GET YOUR GUN, with Betty Hutton and Howard Keel. RODGERS AND HAMMERSTEIN'S west- ern fairy tale about a real lady sharp- shooter, Annie Oakley, comes to the screen in technicolor and Betty Hutton. No gram- Hutton and Berlin's songs, is another slick expensive Hollywood musical extravaganza. But, since it is the nature of musicals, stage or movie, to be as spectacular as possible, the torrent of Indians, show horses and stuffed-shirt cowboys is, for once, ac- cording to Hoyle. Hero Howard Keel is stiff, pompous and tasteless. A strong suspicion is aroused that BARNABY Ynw what Bigie.said? I m Business ought to get vi I " You mean they are going C O 69C-ktloap .Rt. U S .B N.On,4. __ _ BCyr/ay I I I