EDITOR'S NOTE Latest Deadline in the State -A6F 743attg 40 IS, CLOUDY, SHOWERS See Page 2 VOL. LIX, No. 128 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 7, 1949 PRI E FIVE CENTS Nelson Hits NEA Action, On Red Bany Teachers Pass Communist Bar By ALICE PLATT "Ten years from now we'll all be ashamed of this!" That was the comment of Prof. Norman E. Nelson, of the English department, on the National Edu- cation Association passage yes- terday of a declaration calling for banning Communist teachers. * * * THERE WERE only a few faint "no's" as the 3,000 delegates ac- cepted a report- from the NEA educational policy commission, signed by Gen. Dwight D. Eisen- hower, president of Columbia Uni- versity, and James B. Conant, president of Harvard University. "I am against any restriction on academic freedom," Prof. Nelson said. "I believe in free-trade in ideas!" "Let us have everybody heard. For every Communist teacher there will be four or five thousand others with different ideologies," he said. * * * FEW STUDENTS will be un- able to discriminate wisely, Prof. Nelson predicted. "Besides, no one is absolutely free in his beliefs. The mind of a Catholic is as much hampered by religious beliefs as the mind of a Communist by political be- liefs," he commented. Prof. Nelson said that we can best fight communism by faith in our own way of life. "Our pro- tection lies in freedom." * * * HE PRAISED Robert M. Hut- chins, chancellor of the Univer- sity of Chicago, and many other university presidents whom he said have shown far more insight than most university professors in speaking. out in opposition to the proposed ban. Although Prof. Nelson is presi- dent of the campus chapter of the American Association of Univer- sity Professors, he stressed the fact that he was speaking in a personal capacity. Housing Bill Nears Floor WASHINGTON -The compro- mise, trimmed-down version of President Truman's multi-billion- dollar housing bill was approved by a Senate-House conference committee last night. It calls for 810,000 publicly-owned dwellings in six years. Administration leaders voiced hope that the Senate and House will approve the legislation finally tomorrow and toss it on the Pres- ident's desk. It would give Mr. Truman his first major victory for the domestic program he call- ed the "Fair Deal." BESIDES the controversial pub- lic housing section, the bill sets up a huge slum clearing program in cities and provides farm hous- ing aids. The conferees agreed to accept *higher Senate figures of $325,000,- 000, (M) for aids to farm housing, instead of the lower $312,500,000 (M) in the House-approvedk bill. Mr. Truman asked Congress for authority to build 1,050,000 pub- licly-owned dwellings in seven years, to be occupied by low-in- come families with federal rent subsidies running up to $400,000,- 000 a year for 40 years. The Senate trimmed these fig- ures to 810,000 dwellings and max- imum rent subsidies of $308,000,- 000 (M). It then passed the bill 57 to 13. But in the House the measure ran into rough weather, drawing shouts of "Socialism" and cries that the huge cost would imperil the stability of the federal treas- ury. SUBSCRIBE NOW to Hiss Defense Hits Chambers' Charges Stryker Attempts To Discredit Testimony in Long Summation By ROMA LIPSKY (Special to The Daily) NEW YORK-During three and one-half hours of summation, defense attorney Lloyd Paul Stryker attempted to completely dis- credit the testimony of the government's starwitness, Whittaker Chambers, at the Alger Hiss perjury trial yesterday. In tones sometimes so low that the carefully-chosen words were scarcely audible, sometimes loud enough to vibrantly echo in the high-ceilinged courtroom, Stryker drew a dramatic portrait of Chambers as a liar, perjurer, petty thief, and traitor. AND RUNNING THROUGH his summary was the theme, quoted from prosecuting attorney Thomas Murphy's opening address to the jury, "If you don't believe Chambers, the government has no case." Stryker repeated that statement again and again, varying his emphasis from the words YOU to BELIEVE to CHAMBERS. Tracing step by step Chambers' odd assortment of jobs, frequent use of aliases, membership and activities in the Communist Party, and admitted lies and perjuries, Stryker told the jury: * * * * "IF I DIDN'T KNOW anything about a man but that, I wouldn't believe him if the FBI erected a stock of Bibles as tall as this building." The original indictment, charging Hiss with committing perjury on two counts before the grand jury last December, proves nothing, Stryker declared. The indictment accuses Hiss of lying when he said, (1) that he did not give secret State Department documents to Chambers, and (2) that he had not seen Chambers after Jan. 1, 1937. Chambers has testified to repeated meetings and close friend- ship with the Hisses, and to receiving documents from Hiss for transmission to the Communist Party in 1938. * * * * STRYKER REDUCED the case to one issue: "Did Mr. Hiss fur- nish, transmit, and deliver to Mr. Chambers in February and March, 1938, secret State Department documents?" "The burden on (prosecuting attorney) Murphy is to establish beyond reasonable doubt that Whittaker Chambers told the truth in this matter," he said. Stryker charged that Chambers' original denouncement of Hiss as a Communist, made before the House Un-American Committee in August, 1948, was a political maneuver. Chambrs' charge was a wonderful red herring to get people's minds off the 80th Congress. By linking "Communism" with the name of a man who had helped organize the Yalta, San Francisco, and Dumbarton Oaks con- ferences, Chambers hoped to gain a top position after a Republican victory in November, Stryker said. * * * *,' "BUT, LIKE GALLUP and Roper, he guessed wrong." Hiss immediately requested a hearing before the committee, and filed a libel suit against Chambers, Stryker told the jury. "Does that sound like the conduct of a guilty man?" he asked. During most of his summary, Stryker addressed the jury directly, looking carefully at the ten men and two women who today will begin deliberations on the fate of Alger Hiss. . "Here in an orderly courtroom we lay aside politics, prejudices, or feelings we have on any issue," he told them. The stolen documents, which Chambers at first denied still possessing and later produced, were brought out because the libel suit made it necessary for Chambers to back up his charges, Stryker said. * * * * WITH A SWEEP of his hands and a reminder that he had not cross-examined the government's typewriter experts, Stryker dis- missed the experts' contention that the stolen documents were copied on the Hiss typewriter by saying that the "evidence is not conclusive." Japanese Yen First Evidence Entered in 'Tokyo Rose' Trial England Cuts Non-Urgent DollarUse Reserves Near 1 Billion Low By The Associated Press LONDON-Britain, the banker for a quarter of the world's people, haltedyesterday all but urgent new buying from the United States in the gravest dollar crisis here since the start of the Mar- shall Plan. Sir Stafford Cripps, Chancellor of the Exchequer, told a crowded House of Commons that the gold and dollar reserves of the sterling area plunged last week to a low of $1,624,000,000. * * * THIS RESERVE is the working capital for trade with the U.S., Canada and other countries with dollar-based economies by the whole sterling area-that is, by Britain and her colonies plus Iraq, Burma and Iceland and all the Commonwealth but Canada. Meanwhile in Washington, Secretary of State Dean Acheson approved Britain's emergency slash in foreign purchases. Acheson disclosed that Britain would encounter no objection from the American government to the stern measures announced by Sir Stafford Cripps for meeting the worst British economic crisis since ERP began. IF YOU ARE WISE, he said, when your income falls off, your buying falls off too. Both Acheson and Cripps an- nounced that the cutback in buying is only a temporary measure. Acheson told a news conference that the long-range solution is to build income and that British in- dustry, by- increased efficiency, lower prices and better selling methods, must ompete for buyers in world markets. * * * Australian Prime Minister J. B. Chifley announced similar restric- tions in Canberra. Australia will buy only "urgently needed com- modities" for dollars. Cripps said the "standstill" ar- rangement was an "immediate corrective measure" to the crisis. He said it started last month and would last at least until Septem- ber, possibly longer. No Heat Relief Due; Death Toll Reaches_150 Predict High of 95 As Nation Simmers The weather-weary campus can expect little relief from the long heat wave which has left the na- tion simmering and has brought death to at least 150 persons. U.S. Weather forecasters at Wil- low Run have predicted a range of 92 to 95 degrees today with high humidity and scattered thun- der showers. ** * * SHOWER conditions will bring an increase in wind velocity, but the cooling breezes will be of short duration. However, temporary relief is in sight for the weekend as the result of a moderate cool wave moving in from the west. In the Ann Arbor area, two deaths have been reported as a direct result of the heat wave. Elsewhere the Associated Press reported that no widespread re- lief was in sight, although cooler air from Canada had overspread most of New England, New York, and northeastern Pennsylfania. CHICAGO, after six straight days of 90 degree temperatures or higher, received temporary relief yesterday from overnight showers. The temperature was 82 degrees in the downtown district at noon. Although it benefitted from cooler air, New England received only a few local showers which gave little relief to the long drought. Farm crops there were badly wilted and damage was estimated at more than $50,000,- 000. Nine were known dead and five were missin gfrom . violent rain Reds Detrc To Be Purged From pit City Government 'THE ETERNAL HUSBAND': Raimu Romps Th rough French Filmt By JOHN NEUFELD Starring Raimu, the celebrated French comedian, "The Eternal Husband" will be presented by the Art Cinema League tomorrow and Saturday at 8:30 p.m. in the Rack- ham Lecture Hall. Based on a Dostoievsky novel, "The Eternal Husband" was de- scribed by the New Republic's re- viewer as being "good for our memory of Raimu." It was Raimu's last picture before his death. * * * RAIMU, according to the re- viewer, "produces a full-bodied and plausible character, one far more individual than the screen customarily offers." Born Jules Muraire, in 1883 or thereabouts, he has become internationally famous under the stage name of Raimu. Like many other actors, he dropped his first name. After a start,, in Toulon, he became f a- mous for his work at the Theatre de Paris, the Folies Bergere and the Comedie Francaise. * * * HE MADE HIS FIRST movie for Sacha Guitry in 1929 and es- tablished himself 'as one of the great character actors of filmland. Those who have seen him in Pag- nol's "Fanny" trilogy, "Un Carnet de Bal," "The Baker's Wife" or "The Welldigger's Daughter" will not soon forget his moving por- trayals, full of comedy and human understanding. After Raimu's death in 1946, J. B. Priestley wrote in The RAIMU-COMICAL CAPERS * * * * New Statesman and Nation: "He had . . . a ripe earthiness lit with magic for which I would gladly exchange all the romantic profiles in the world . . . He was always larger, more massive, infinitely heavier than all the players around him, and yet he offered more light and shade than they did ... "The French are good at mon- uments: they should erect one to the memory of this player, who reminded us so often, in the dark- ening thirties, that France had known a Rabelais, a Moliere, a Balzac, that the old spirit had not flickered out entirely but could light up a cinema screen for an hour or two." i World News Round-Up By The Associated Press WASHINGTON-Senator Van- denberg (R-Mich.) yesterday urg- ed the Senate to ratify the North Atlantic Treaty as a barrier against World War III and a warning that any aggressor will be "beaten to his knees." "This candor can be as power- ful as an atom bomb," he said. * * * TOKYO - Japan's cabinet may declare a national state of emergency and try to outlaw the Communist Party because of a swelling wave of violence, the newspaper Yomiuri said yester- day. The violent death of Sadanori Shimoyama, president of the government's National Railway Corporation, heightened the ten- sion in Japan. Communist riot- ing and labor disturbances al- ready had the government un- easy. WASHINGTON - The United States is "way out ahead" of other nations in the production of atom- ic energy, according to Robert F. Bacher, former member of the Atomic Energy Commission. * *-* LAKE SUCCESS-Ethiopia is the first country to ratify the United Nations convention out- lawing genocide, the U.N. an- nounced yesterday. Genocide means mass extermination of a race. WASHINGTON - Sen. Butler (R-Neb.) said yesterday he thinks it would be "disastrous" to order a trial run of the Brannan farm price plan on Hogs. * * * CHICAGO-The AFL's League for Political Education plans to support at least 17 Democrats and three Republicans in the 1950 Senatorial elections. LANSING REPORT: Efficiency Needed in Office of Governor, Says Kallenbach SAN FRANCISCO - (P) - The name of "Tokyo Rose" written on the back of a Japanese yen note, was introduced today as the first exhibit in the treason trial of Mrs. Iva Toguri D'Aquino. The first witness against the Los Angeles-born woman was J. Richard Eisenhart of Rochester, N.Y. He was a cvorporal at Yoko- hama prison in 1945 when Tokyo Rose was first arrested. THE 33-YEAR-OLD woman is charged with "impairing the ca- pacity of the United States to wage war against its enemies" by "traitorously" broadcasting de- moralizing propaganda to U.S. troops in the Pacific. Eisenhart told the jury he was, like many other soldiers, a souv- enir fancier. When he learned that Tokyo Rose was in the prison where he was stationed, he sought her autograph. She wrote on the bill "Iva I. Toguri," and after it, in quota- tion marks, "Tokyo Rose." By PHYLLIS COHEN "The Governor doesn't need more power as much as he needs help in setting up an efficient~or- ganization in his own office." This was the opinion of Prof es- sor Joseph E. Kallenbach of the political science department. * * * KALLENBACH participated in a panel discussion at a Michigan State College governmental work- shop with Governor Williams, Dr. Alan P. Grimes of MSC and State Senator Colin L. Smith. Agreeing with Williams and Grimes that the governor should have a four year term instead of the present two year length, Kallenbach said, "It takes at least two years before the gov- ernor knows his way around sufficiently to do a good job." The primary problem, Kallen- bach feels, is the need for over- all reorganization of administra- tive agencies. Some of the heads of the government bureaus and commissions, he pointed out, have overlapping terms. Thus a new governor often has to contend with subordinates of a different politi- cal belief than himself, said Kal- lenbach. Haven Hall Hit by Second Local Fire For the second time in 24 hours, fire broke out on campus. A small blaze destroyed news- papers on a table outside the jour- nalism department, second floor, Haven Hall. Three students quickly extin- guished the fire. The origin of the blaze, which caused no official damage, has not been determined. "GOVERNOR Williams is ex- perimenting with a new idea to try to create a better co-ordina- tion between the various agencies and to help the various officials to get to know one another," said Kallenbach. Noting the need for coopera- tion between the many govern- ment agencies Williams has re- cently set up a series of once- every-two-weeks meetings of the various officials to talk over mat- ters in common. "The experiment seems quite successful so far," Kallenbach noted. Hoover .Board Urged at MSC EAST LANSING - (IP) - Panel members at the workshop in state and local government at Michigan State College yesterday urged es- tablishment of a Michigan "Hoo- ver Commission" to achieve long- range state government reorgani- zation. The suggestion came up in a discussion on "What control does the Legislature have over admin- istration?" Members of the panel were Senators G. Elwood Bonine and Harold D. Tripp, Rep. Homer L. Bauer and Professors John W. Lederle of the University and E. Engelsman of Michigan State Nor- mal College. Discussing methods of reorgani-' zation, Sen. Tripp said that "one of the best means would be through a special study commit- tee, headed by a top governmental expert not connected with the state government, such as the Hoover Commission on the na- tional level." May Require z Loyalty Oaths Of Emnployes Three-Man Board Named by Mayor DETROIT-M)-Detroit set up initial machinery today for a purge of Communists in city gov- ernment. A three-man Ioyalty board was appointed by Mayor Eugene Van Antwerp. The mayor named his police commissioner as chairman. America's turbulent motor cap- ital was believed to be the first city in the country to follow the Federal government's lead in fer- reting out Communists. THE PROBLEM flared as No. 1 topic at the city hall today. Nu- merous officials got into the act. In the background were the city primary elections coming up in September. Recommendations that all city employes take non-Communist oaths were expected to come from the loyalty board. Van Antwerp has asked the board to report its recommendations on Monday. At the same time, Arthur Don- dineau, Superintendent of Schools, gave tacit approval to loyalty oaths for teachers. He said he suspected several teachers of be- ing Communists. s * « THE CHARGE that set off the anti-Red movement was rather nebulous. Donald J. Sublette, sec- retary of the city civil serviceow-- mission, estimated that 150 of De- troit's 30,000 employes were Com- munists. Sublette said he took esti- mates made by the House Un- American Activities Committee on Communism among federal employes and applied these sta- tistics percentage-wise to De- troit. Van Antwerp ordered the dis- missal of a young city engineer soon after he received Sublette's charges. The engineer, George Shenkar, 25, had refused to state whether or not he was or had ever been a Communist, accord- ing to the mayor. * * * THE WATER BOARD Commis- sion, which employs Shenkar, meets Monday. It will probably act then. Meanwhile, Shenkar called the affair "illegal political persecu- tion" and said it "sets a precedent for rotten politics in civil service." Even if the water board dismisses him, he can appeal his case to the courts. The charge against Shenkar centered around a pamphlet, pub- lished two years ago, while he was a student at Wayne University, linking him with hte Communist Party. He said the Civil Service Commission had "no proof of my present affiliation." NSA Regional Group To Meet Here Sunday Delegates from universities in the Michigan Region of the Na- tional Student Association will meet here this Sunday to formu- late regional policy for the Sec- ond Student Congress, according to Harvey L. Weisberg, '50L, pres- ident of the Michigan Region, NSA. "The Congress, which will meet at the end of August at the Uni- versity of llinois, will take up such questions as Communists teaching in fields of higher educa- tion and federal aid to private schools." "It is the objective of the Michigan Region to be a unified group, for it is the well prepared i TEPID TIMES: r Heat Wave Slows Pace In A ctive Student Gro up Ann Arbor's intense summer heat has apparently slowed down the amount of student activity for the summer session. So far, onlyr11 campus organi- zations have, registered with the Office of Student Affairs to in- dicate that they will function dur- ing the hot weather term, with tomorrow the last day for regis- tration. This figure indicates nearly a 50 per cent drop from the 21 stu- Association and the Lawyers' Guild. AVC, though not yet reg- istered, has contacted the Office of Student Affairs, and will be registered. Organizations still have today and tomorrow to deliver the need- ed informatio to the Office of Student Affai~s, so it. is possible that a last minute rush will bring the number of active groups up to the usual summertime standard. * * * - SPEECH ASSEMBLY TALK: Prof. Chester Says TVScaring Radio By VIRGINIA VON SCHON "Radio has come to the end of The radio industry is obliged to retrench. Major broadcasting the gross income has not been re- duced.