YOUR RED WAGON C, '. r Swr 4)att SHOWER5 See Page 2 -8 Latest Deadline in the State VOL. LVIII, No. 196 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN FRIDAY, JULY 30, 1948 PRICE FIVE ( 713 Farben Heads Not Guilty of Plotting War Tribunal Finds 13 Are 'Plunderers' NUERNBERG, Germany, July 29--(A')-The giant I. G. Farben chemical combine was acquitted today of conspiring with Hitler to throw the world into war but nine of its aging directors were found guilty of war crimes after the shooting started. An American military tribunal headed by Judge Curtis Shake of Vincennes, Ind., found the nine guilty of blueprinting a campaign for spoilation and plunder of Nazi-occupied countries after an 11-month trial. The tribunal acquitted all 24 of the defendants on two counts .of plotting and waging aggressive war. Sentence 'Tomorrow Tomorrow the court will make its finding on the two remaining counts involving crimes against humanity. Sentences will be im- S posed tomorrow afternoon. Acuittal of the defendants on the aggressive war counts marked NUERNBERG, Germany, July 30-(P-Four more German in- dustrialists of the giant LG. Farben chemical combine were convicted as war criminals to- day. Today's convictions were on charges of misuse of slave la- bor. One of those found guilty on this count was Fritz Ter Meer who was convicted yesterday of plunder and spoliation of occu- pied countries. a third instance where American war crimes prosecutors have failed to make that charge stick. Several months ago another court dis- missed a similar charge against the Krupp gunmaking firm. In effect, the International Military Tribunal also threw out the charge against the civilian, Hjalmar Schacht. Hitler To Blame Blame for plotting and waging war lay with the politicians and militarists of Hitler's Third Reich, the court said in summing up the evidence presented at the 11- month trial of the Farben direc- tors. Preceded Army The plunder charge, the trib- unal said, was amply proved . against directors Hermann Schmitz, Georg von Schnitzler, Fritz Ter Meer, Ernst Buergin, Paul Harfliger, Max Ilgner, Fried- rich, Jaehne, Heinrich Oster and Hans Kuggler. Under this count Farben offi- cials were charged with preceding the German Army and making plans before the war to take over and operate various industries in France, Norway, Poland and Rus- sia. Village Voters Will Register Registration of voters will open in Willow Village today as part of a four day schedule. Representatives of the Ypsilanti and Superior Township clerks will ,, accept registration applications from 1 to 5p.m. and 6 to 8p.m. to- day and tomorrow, in the Univer- sity Community Center and the North Community Center Lounge respectively. The registration will be com- pleted next Friday and Saturday with the same office hours. Residents north of Clark St. are in Superior Township and register at the North Center. New voters, those that have not voted since November 1946 and those who have changed their address since last voting will be required to register if they intend to cast a ballot in either the primary or general elections. Skorzeny Explains Reason for Escape FRANKFURT, Germany, July 29-P)-Otto Skorzeny, one of Adolf Hitler's most famous lower- ranking officers, wrote to Ger- man officials today and told why he escaped from them last Sun- British May Halt Armed Forces Demobilization. Bevin Says Action Will Come in 'Few Days' If Berlin Situation Is Not Fully Resolved LONDON, July 29-(P)-The British Government may halt the demobilization of its armed forces "in a few days" if the Berlin crisis is not settled, Foreign Secretary Bevin said today. At the same time the Foreign Secretary told the House of Commons in a carefully worded statement that he had hoped the crisis will be settled, and that steps are now being taken in Moscow to determine whether there is a possibility of negotiations that would end the entire cold war in Europe between East and West. 'Dispute Serious' His announcement that the government is considering stopping demobilization came after Winston Churchill, the Conservative leader, Murray Asks Congressional Price Curbs Urges Investigation Of Business Profits WASHINGTON, July 29-(_)- CIO President Philip Murray to- day called on the special session of Congress to roll back prices "to reasonable levels." Murray, in a speech prepared for delivery over the American Broad- casting Company network, also urged that Congress and the Jus- tice Department investigate the price and profit policies of big business since the end of OPA in mid-1946. Basic Necessities "We must see to it that the basic necessities of life are avail- able to all of our people at prices they can pay," Murray said. "We must re-enact the excess profits tax law to recapture speculative and exorbitant profits." Unless the price rise is checked, the CIO leader paid, "our economy is in danger of serious disloca- tion." People Insecure "Today, in the midst of eco- nomic abundance, our people are troubled and insecure. Throughout our country 61,000,000 men and women are fully employed. Pro- duction is at a record peak. A bumper croptis in prospect. Yet, inflation is robbing us of the fruits of our hard work and productive skills. The cost of living rises every month. It now stands at an all-time high. Black Called BeforeJudge FLINT, July 29-(1)-Circuit Court Judge Philip Elliott, who is at odds with Attorney General Eugene F. Black over handling of material collected by the Flint Auto Rackets Grand Jury, today issued a subpoena ordering Black to appear before him. Elliott, who is winding up the affairs of his one-man grand jury probe of the auto rackets, turned the subpoena over to state police late today. At the same time, he issued a strongly - worded statement in which he expressed regret at the necessity for taking such action against Black. "It is regrettable that ordinary means of communication have failed to elicit any response from the attorney general's office and that the court is forced to use judicial prerogatives in this man- ner," the Judge said. warned that the dispute with Rus- sia "is very serious and might easily become one of life and death." Speaking a few hours after American and British envoys had arrived in Moscow to explore the possibilities of negotiation-with the lifting of the Berlin blockade as a preliminary condition-Bevin said he hoped the new diplomatic steps "will lead to peace and se- curity in Europe for us all." He said the decision as to East- West negotiations will "probably be taken on the highest levels," a possible indication that it might be put up to Premier Stalin. Ban Under Review Britain now is demobilizing its armed forces at a rate of 20,000 men a month. Bevin confirmed the figure when Churchill asked if demobilization could not be stopped "until at least the Berlin position is satisfactorily solved." Bevin replied that the ban on demobilization was under review and "must be determined in a few days." "It may be we shall have so to determine it," he added. Britain had 940,000 men under arms on March 3. The schedule called for these to be reducedto 716,000 by March 31, 1949. Pre- sumablymshe has about 860,000 armed men this month. Choose Stassen As President Of Universty PHILADELPHIA, July 29-(jP)- Harold E. Stassen was chosen president of the University of Pennsylvania today but promptly announced he will "continue a vigorous interest in public ques- tions." Disclosing nomination of the 41- year-old former Minnesota gov- ernor to the Pennsylvania post, the University's board of trustees said he was chosen "above all" for "his inspirational appeal to the youth of America." Subject to Approval Final appointment of Stassen is subject to approval of the Uni- versity executive board at its meeting in September but this is considered a formality. He said in a telegram of accept- ance to the trustees that he will continue his interest in public questions "particularly those which affect the future freedom, well-being and peace of men." Stassen will take over as pres- ident at the beginning of the fall term in September subject, he said, "to the fulfillment of my speaking schedule on behalf of Governor Dewey (GOP presiden- tial standard bearer) ." His salary was not disclosed. Stassen, who will be the young- est president of the university in its history, succeeds Dr. George McClelland, 68, who the University said will be elected to chairman- ship of the school. End SED Communists Widen Rift in Government Angered by Failur To DelayResolutic BERLIN, July 29-()-Re sentatives of the Russian-si sored Socialist Unity Party (S walked out of the Berlin city cc cil today, spreading the rup of local government in this viet-blockaded city which alre has two police chiefs. The SED councilmen 1 adopted the tactics of the R sians who previously quit . four-power governmental bodi the Allied Control Councili the Kommandatura. Mass Walkout The mass walkout took p when the SED failed to dela vote on a resolution branding five-week-old Soviet blockad Berlin "a crime against hun ity." The resolution, introduce the Socialists, was approved 8 1. Immediately there was spec tion whether the walkout sign the final splitting of the city two rival political regimes. Su break long has been predicted SED Spokesman However, Karl Luedke, an8 spokesman, said his party w ;ontinue to take part in the p ent predominantly anti-Coin nist city government, Party l ers met for a special meeting Luedke said the SED had warning the Socialist resolu was in the wind. The resolu said the blockade of Berlin condemned by all people reg less of their political views." The city council met in an mosphere of tension. Thec began with charges in the C munist press that the anti-C munist majority in the city g ernment planned to pack council chamber with plainclot] men from the western sector: order to touch off a "bloody p: ocation." No incidents mate: ized, however. Western Tool The Russians often have cused the city government of b a "tool of the West." There been talk in German polit quarters that the SED event might force events to a p where separate Eastern and W ern Berlin city governments w have to be set up. Many American, British a German officials expressed opinionathat the SED walkout not final. Political Club Back SL MoV4 To HoldRaly The student political clubs, Young Democrats and the Wal Progressives, last night votec support the Student Legislat. drive to get political speakers campus. "Present policies tend to si the political growth of those v will, in the future, be our adn istrators and politicians," Jac] Jordan, temporary chairman the Young Democrats, said. The organization also passel unanimous resolution support the President's special session Congress as an act beneficial the country as a whole. Jordan said that the extra sion will give the 80th Congress opportunity to redeem itself the issues of housing, civil ri and inflation. At the same time, the Wa] Progressives at a regular meet agreed to support the Stud Legislature's request for pern sion to hold an all-campus rall political candidates from the ond Congressional district. Lores LaVita, Seymour G stein and chairman James Tei recently returned from Phila phia, reported on the Progress Segregation Quits Berlin City Counci opes for Eventual Mixed Army Units President Says Senate Must Assum Responsibility for Actions in Sessior WASHINGTON, July 29-(/P)-President Truman said today th "equality of treatment and opportunity" order for the armed service is aimed at the eventual end of race segregation in the Army. Negroes are now kept in separate units in the Army. A reporte at Mr. Truman's weekly news conference said that Gen. Omar Brad ley has been quoted as saying he favors segregation among the lowe echelons. Is that consistent with the President's "equality" order of las Monday? he was asked. Mr. Truman responded that he was informed by the Secre- tary of the Army Royall that Bradley, the Army Chief of Staff, had made no such statement. t * * * Truman Am SMOKE TOWERS FROM SHATTERED PLANT-A gigantic tower of thick smoke rises from the explosion-devastated chemical plant of the I. G. Farben Co. in Ludwigshafen, Germany. Shortly after the blast a resulting fire destroyed or damaged an estimated 18 buildings. Hundreds were killed and thousands injured. Shipping moves along waterway near the plant. * * * 'I' Americans Quit Farben Ruins; 140 Bodies Still Unrecovered LUDWIGSHAFEN, Germany, July 29-( P)-Weary American troops ploughed a path to a death trap building at the explosion- torn I. G. Farben chemical plant tonight and then withdrew when French soldiers said their "gallant services" no longer were needed. The building, one of the moot badly wrecked in yesterday's blast in this French Zone city, was be lieved to contain from 60 to 140 bodies. Floating Bodies A German policeman said scores of bodies could be seen floating in several feet of water and am- monia in the basement. He ex- pressed the belief it might take two weeks to recover all the bodies strewn about in the plant's wreckage. The list of the known dead grew. German police said 89 bod- ies had been brought out and an- other 20 persons had died in hos- pitals. Two hundred persons are missing and believed dead and about 2,000 are injured, they said. Communists Charges Communist newspapers in Berlin claimed, without offering proof, that the huge factory in the French Occupation Zone was making war materials illegally. Germans investigating Europe's greetest disaster since the war brushed aside the charges. They said preliminary findings indi- cated the blast was touched off by ethyl chloride, an industrial chem- ical. A chemist who worked at the plant said only industrial products were turned out there. Cause Undetermined A French communique said cause of the blast still was unde- termined and damage could not be estimated. French officials were making a separate inquiry. No Americans were believed killed in the explosion. Many of the 600 U. S. soldiers who rushed to the scene risked their lives in rescue and fire-fighting work. Wallace Calls Extra Session Just aPhony NEW YORK, July 29 - (AP) - Henry A. Wallace said tonight President Truman sought to "hoodwink millions of Americans" in calling a special session of the "talk big-do little Congress." "The Republicans talk big about ending the poll tax and lynch law, but they don't mean it," he de- clared in a speech over the NBC' network. "The Democrats talk big about ending inflation and building houses. They don't mean it either. "It is all shadow boxing. They have notalandedoa single solid blow. Only the Progressive Party packs a real wallop." The newly-nominated Progres- sive Party Presidential candidate said Mr. Truman called the ses- sion "in the mistaken belief that he could make Congress the scape- goat for his own inadequate and often dangerous leadership." Wallace said Mr. Truman could give evidence of "genuine leader- ship" by asking "the resignation of his own lieutenants, who are so largely responsible for milk at 24 cents a quart and meat at $1.30 a pound. The President responded with a prompt and flat yes, when asked if his Monday order aims at an eventual end of segrega- tion. That order stated a presidential policy of equality of treatment and opportunity to be put into effect as soon as possible, "having due regard to the time required to ef- fectuate any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.". (Bradley said at Ft. Knox, Ky., Tuesday, that "the Army is not out to make any social reforms. The Army will put men of different races in different companies. It will change that policy when the nation as a whole changes it.") Neither Bradley nor the Army Department had any comment on today's statement by President Truman on segregation. A reporter inquired of the President : "Do you think that the Sen- ate has acted in good faith in, . starting its work on the civil rights controversy?" Mr. Truman replied first that he had no comment. Then he added that the Senate stands before the country just the same as he does. The Senators, he went on, will have to take the consequences of their actions. The Senate has taken up the Anti-Poll Tax Bill, with the like- lihood it will be some time, if ever, before it gets around to any other legislation. A reporter asked Mr. Truman if he would have any preference for a Constitutional amendment, rather than a bill, to handle the poll tax issue. That is a matter that the Senate will have to act on, and the House, he replied. The questioning got around to Mr. Truman's anti-inflation pro- posals. Asked whether wages would be frozen under the plan, the. .President said not necessarily. Jews Seek More Territory---Shertok TEL AVIV, Israel, July 29-(VP) -Moshe Shertok, foreign minister of Israel, said tonight the Jews would seek additional territory in Palestine as a result of Israeli victories over the Arab armies. He demanded a reconsideration of all the boundaries set last Nov. 29 under the United Nations par- tition plan and said this was made necessary "because of the course of events since then." "The Arabs are responsible," Shertok told the Israeli State Council, "that the boundaries fixed by the United Nations no longer are practical and we must insist on changing them by adding territories and not by diminishing them." Truman Asks For Powers To Cut Prices Not Likely Congress Will OKRollbacks WASHINGTON, July 29-('P) -' President Truman asked today for power to cut prices of daily-bread 1947, when butter sold for 75 cents a pound and you could buy a pound of chuck roast for 10 to 13 cents less than now. But the President's request was drowned out by a cry of "police state methods!" by Congress Re- publicans and a flood ofSou thrn oratory against an anti-poll tax bill in the Senate. The chances of Congress okaying the price roll- back were practically nil. 'Bust Certain' Marriner Eccles, a member of the Federal Reserve Board, told Congress that this country is "cer- tainly going to have a bust." Eccles was demoted from chair- manship of the board by Mr. Tru- man earlier this year. Testifying before the Senate Banking Committee, Eccles said it is "too late" to control inflation. "Are you sure of that?" Chair- man Tobey (Rep., N.H.) asked. "Positively," Eccles said. He added that he likes the word "deflation" better than "bust." Price Ceilings Mr. Truman sent his anti-infla- tion bill to Capitol Hill by Paul Porter, last administrator of the wartime OPA and now a special assistant to the President. It proposed price ceilings on meat, dairy products and clothing as part of a program to bring prices down "so far as practicable" to what they were in November, 1947. Porter gave the House Banking Committee this price picture: "Between June 1946 and June 1948, consumers' prices have, on the average, risen 29 per cent, the retail price of food is up 47 per cent, the retail price of apparel is up 25 per cent and rents are up 8 per cent. Highest Point "Consumer prices are now at the highest point in our history. Wholesale prices have shown even more substantial increases. But Congress leaders made abundantly plain that they didn't regard Mr. Truman's plan as the best way to beat the high cost of living. Sen. Taft (Rep., Ohio) declared that the President is resorting to "police state methods." Taft, chairman of the GOP Senate Pol- icy Committee, had ruled out price control and rationing in a broad- cast last night. He said the Re- publicans would try to find some way of their own to stop price rises. A number of Democrats ap- plauded the President's program but scores, including Rep. Mon- roney (Dem., Okla.) said it does not have "a ghost of a chance." Rev. Blake Seeks Place W orld News At A Glance BUENOS AIRES, Argentina, July 29-A four-engined Argentine flying boat crashed into the fog-bound river Platte today and 18 per- sons were killed and four injured. * * * * WASHINGTON, July 29-The Interstate Commerce Com- mission today granted long-term freight rate increases to the railroads and water carriers at approximately the present tempo- rary rate levels. DETROIT, July 29-(AP)-A $10,000,000 municipally financed housing program was proposed to the Detroit City Council today by Council President George Edwards. Edwards said the program would create 1,250 units in two projects to be financed through municipal bond issues repayable through ren- tals. LAKE SUCCESS, July 29-Syria's Faris El Khouri urged the Big Four Powers today to put the Berlin blockade before the Se- EUROPEAN RECOVERY:- Knapp Says Strings Attached to ERP There are strings attached to ERP aid now being given to Euro- pean nations, according to J. Burke Knapp, director of the Of- fice of Financial and Develop- the extent that the nation is inde- Knapp explained. "The remainder pendent of outside assistance, he can be used by the nation within indicated. limitations. It must not lead to a "The U.S. does not propose to deepening of the internal infla- dictateto Afreig~n ounriesinrde-..tionarvnpitre. Also. the TTS.