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SUNNY,

AND WARMER

VOL. LVII, No. 14S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, JULY 16, 1947r

PRICE FIVE CENTS

Organization
Founded At
Paris Parley
Will Administer
'Marshall Plan'
By The Associated Press
PARIS, July 15-Swiftly and
without division, the 16-nation
European Economic Conference
completed today its blueprint of
an organization to draft and ad-
minister continental reconstruc-
tion outside the aloof Russian
sphere, under the Marshall Plan
of U.S. aid.
The Conference's third plenary
session, meeting for only 45 min-
utes, unanimously approved a
rules committee recommendation
to establish a general "committee
of cooperation," or steering com-
mittee, a five-nation executive
{ board and four technical boards.
Committees To Survey
The lesser committees will sur-
vey Europe's resources and dollar
needs by Sept. 1. Delegates per-
used with care Secretary of State
Marshall's address in Salt Lake
City last night indicating the pro-
gram would not be submitted to
Congress before January.
Paul-Henri Spaak, the Belgian
Premier, summed up paraphras-
ing an old French proverb: "Help
yourself and heaven will help
you." Instead of heaven, he sub-
stituted the United States.
k Apparently referring to Russia
and the eight Eastern and South-
ern European states in its sphere-
all of which spurned the confer-
ence on the assertion that econ-
omic cooperation would threaten
national sovereignties, Spaak
said .:
* Spaak Speaks
"We have often heard talk of
the sovereignty of states. Experi-
ence shows that there is a tenden-
cyeto invoke sovereignty as a cloak
for aggressive nationalism or a
selfish economic policy. We think
that sovereignty should be used
as something to promote a con-
structive spirit of cooperation."
Today's plenary session will be
the last until the various com-
mittees are ready to report on
their surveys. The next plenary
meeting will be made in August or
around Sept. 1
French Filn
To Be Shown
'Jericho' Will Feature
k Brasseur, Brochard
"Jericho," French film of un-
derground resistance during the
war, will be presented by the Art
Cinema League at 8:30 p.m to-
morrow and Friday at Hill Audi-
torium.
Starring Pierre Brasseur, Jean
Brochard, Santa Relli and Genin
Palau, the film deals with a band
of French patriots sentenced to
be shot by the Nazis and their
rescue by the RAF in "Operation
Jericho."
The picture is based on an ac-
tual incident and is presented in
an almost documentary form
without the use of background
music.
Tickets for the film may be ob-
tained at the Hill Auditorium
box-office.
Anti-Lynehers

Ask Permit
An Anti-Lynch Day proclama-
tion in Ann Arbor will be asked
of Cecil O. Creal, president of the
city council, by delegates of the
joint-anti-lynch committee,. to-
morrow.
Mayor William E. Brown, Jr.,
who would ordinarily make such
proclamations, Creal said, will not
be in Ann Arbor before Monday.
An anti-lynch rally will be held
on the campus, July 23. The joint
committee has asked the student
legislature to review action by the
Student Affairs Committee, which,
has refused to grant an anti-lynch
tag day.
Anti-Lynch Day was observed
in Detroit Monday, funds from
which were given to the Southern
Negro Youth Congress, an organ-
ization working in the South,
with headquarters in Birming-
ham, Ala.
Song Writer Dies
SANTA MONICA, Calif., July

LEAVES CELL FOR ARRAIGNMENT-Earnest D. Wallis (right),
34, former Army sergeant and an official photographer at the
Los Alamos, N.M., atom bomb plant, is led from his cell to be
arraigned before U.S. Commissioner Edwin K. Walker in Chi-
cago, July 14. With him is U.S. Marshal's deputy, Ben Goldberg.
Wallis pleaded innocent to a federal charge of removing too secret
atom photographs and negatives.
EAST MEETS WEST:
Hazard Sees Peace Possible
In Spite of Ideological Clash

Conferences,
Lectures To
Be Presented
Hilldring To Give
Lecture Today
Three lectures and two confer-
ences pertaining to "The United
States in World Affairs" are list-
ed on this week's schedule of the
summer session lecture series, to
be opened by John H. Hilldring,
Assistant Secretary of State, at
8:10 p.m. today in Rackham Am-
phitheatre.
Hilldring will speak on "What
is Our Purpose in Germany?"
He will hold a press conferenceat
4 p.m. today in Rm. 308 of the
Union.
Prof. Gottfried S. Delatour, vis
iting professor of sociology at Co-
lumbia University, will deliver the
second lecture on "The Problem
Legislature Meets
There will be a meeting of
the Student Legislature at 7:45
p.m. today in the League
Grand RapidsnRoom.
of International Understanding"
at 4:10 p.m. tomorrow in Rack-
ham Amphitheatre.
The final lecture of the week
will be given by Prof. Frank Whit-
son Fetter, instructor of econom-
ics at Haverford College, on the
topic, "The United States in
World Trade" at 8:10 p.m. Friday
in Rackham Amphitheatre. Prof.
Fetter formerly was chief of the
State Department Division of In-
vestment and Economic Develop
ment. '
Dr. Robin A. Humphreys, read-
er in American history at the
University of London, will lead
the first of four weekly confer-
ences on Latin America at 4:10
p.m. today.
The second conference on Eur
opean affairs will be initiated at
3:10 p.m. tomorrow. It will be
led by Prof. Delatour.
The conferences will meet once
a week for four weeks. All meet-
ings will be held in the East Con-
ference Room of the Rackham
Building.
Callahan Act
Repeal Sought
PCA Opens Petition
Campaign in City
Nullification of the Callahan
Act is the goal of a petition cam-
paign in the Ann Arbor area
launched Sunday at a meeting of
the Progressive Citizens of Amer-
ica.
The PCA campaign is coordin-
ated with a state-wide movement
directed by the Committee to Re-
peal the Callahan Act, headed by
Henry Sweeny, former judge of
Recorders Court and member of
the city council in Detroit, which
seeks to obtain 200,000 signa-
tures by October 10.
Members of the Committee to
Repeal the Callahan Act include
Professors Preston Slosson, John
Shephard, Lewis G. VanderVelde
and Theodore Newcomb.
Ann Ginger, University law stu-
dent, discussed the Taft-Hartley
Act. Official approval was given
to the Ann Arbor anti-lynch cam-
paign
Dr. Theodore Newcomb, who de-
livered the opening address of the
meeting, was elected PCA chair-

man for the coming year. Other
officers elected are as follows:
Dr. Edward Redman and William
Brownson, vice-chairmen; Alice
Sloss secretary; and Carol Siegel,
treasurer.I

Situation in Greece

Explosion Soon, Council Told;

A possibility that the great'
powers of the East and West may
live in peace in spite of differing
idealogies was outlined yesterday
by Prof. John N. Hazard, of Co-
lumbia University.
Analyzing the princifple fea-
tures in the Eastern and Western
idealogies, Prof. Hazard said that
''wars will not- popularize'' the
features which might appeal to
additional adherents. He empha-
sized that Soviet leaders realize
that their system cannot be in-
stituted successfully unless a ma-
jority of a nation wants it and is
willing to go through hardship to
achieve it.
WarOnly Postpones
"A war could only postpone the
possibility of proof, and is there-
fore undesirable as a means of
"need not spell war, unless there
spreading the ideology," he said.
Prof. Hazard declared that the
f a c t that both the United
States and Russia talk ideology
and encourage "the intervening
nations to accept their systems
must be scrutinized to determine
whether it is the major issue."
Although means of propaganda
and mass influence will certainly
be used on the part of supporters
of each opposing ideology in an
effort to expand the area in which
the ideologies are currently pop-
ular, Prof. Hazard said that the
resulting friction and conflict
'U' Radio Guild To
Present First Play
The first performance of the
newly formed University of Mich-
igan Radio Guild will be present-
ed at 5:30 p.m. today over Sta-
tion WPAG. ,
The Guild will present a fifteen
minute dramatized version of
"The Gingerbread Man," a child-
ren's story, as the first in its sum-
mer series. Further programs will
be presented each week, entirely
by student talent, under the di-
rection of Robert Bouwsma.

are .reasons for it other than the
dissemination of ideology."
Disagreements Listed
Among the major centers of
disagreement outlined by Prof.
Hazard were: the role of the state,
the place of the individual in so-
ciety, the function of law, the
nature and function of political
parties and the role of the press.
"These are not newly risen
problems to plague Amnwrcan-So-
viet relations," Prof. Hazard said.
Several have been debated since
the time of the Greek philosoph-
ers, he said.
"Evidence indicates that it
would be a mistake to. think that
the world is divided between peo-
ples who support either extreme
without reservation," Prof. Haz-
ard said.
World.News
Roundup
By The Associated Press
MOSCOW, July 15-Russia was
believed drafting plans today to
give economic aid to Albania,
while the Soviet press hinted at
a gloomy fate for European na-
tions which accept American as-
sistance.
SALT LAKE CITY, July 15-
A secret ballot poll disclosed to-
day that Gov. Thomas E. Dew-
ey of New York is the odds-on
choice of GOP state executives
for the Republican Presidential
nomination in 1948.
* * *
TOKYO, July 15-MacArthur-
for President speculaition from
Wisconsin landed in silent here
today.
Efforts were unabailing to ob-
tain General MacArthur's com-
ment on a statement by Lansing
Hoyt, chairman of the Wisconsin
MacArthur-for-President Cl u b,
that "I'm positive he will be avail-
able" as a Republican Presiden-
tial candidate in 1948.

New G(
U.S. Asserts
Reconstruction
Vital to Peace
Directive Provides
For Demilitarization
By The Associated Press
BERLIN, July 15 -- (/) --The
United States Government, an-
nouncing a revised policy toward
Germany, declared today "a stable
and productive Germany," with a
higher standard of living was es-
sential to European recovery and
lasting peace.
The new policy; first over-all
American directive on Germany
since the end of the war - ap-
parently opens the way for Ger-
man participation in the Mar-
shall proposal for European re-
construction.
Directive To Clay
The new directive was sent to
Gen. Lucius D. Clay, U.S. Military
Governor, by U.S. State, War and
Navy Departments. It represent-
ed an updating of American oc-
cupation policy, which officially
had been based largely upon the
old Joint Chiefs of Staff directive
to Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower and
the Military Government dated
April 16, 1945, three weeks before
the end of the war.
American Objectives
The new 6,000-word directive
laid down American objectives
and basic policies to be pursued in
the U.S. administration of still-
partitioned Germany. It contain-
ed especially in its economic as-
pects, some policy revisions which
stated officially and publicly for
the first time.
U.S. Military Government lead-
ers said they regarded the docu-
ment as the most important
American statement on Germany
since the speech of former Secre-
tary of State James F. Byrnes in
Stuttgart last fall, when he advo-
cated the return of self-govern-
ment to the Germans as quickly
as possible.
Wants Germany Demilitarized
The U.S. Directive repeatedly
made it plain that America wants
Germany demilitarized perman-
ently. It said that "there should
be no relaxation of effort to com-
plete and effectively maintain the
disarmament and demilitariza-
tion of Germany."
But it added that, within the
limits of these "necessary res-
traints" Germany should be per-
mitted to raise her standard of
living by development of her re-
sources and should be aided in
achieving a self-sustaining econ-
omy.
The directive also provided that
funds for German expenditures
should be increased "where ne-
cessary to speed the restoratiorr
of normal international commer-
cial relations."
New Inflation
Caclled "Unlikely
Congressmen Told
Future Looks Bright
WASHINGTON, July 15-()-
Two business leaders today dis-
counted fears of a new inflation-
ary spree, and told Congress that
Americans have reason to look to
the future with confidence.
Here is what they testified be-

fore the joint congressional com-
mittee on the Economic Report:
1. George M. Humphrey, Pitts-
burgh, head of the world's largest
commercial coal company, who
helped negotiate the new con-
tract with John L. Lewis' United
Mine Workers:
"The new coal wage contract
will do more to stabilize the econ-
omy and retard inflation than set-
tlement of any controversy in the
industry in several years." He
said he thinks it will not affect
wages in other industries.
2. Earl Bunting, president of
the National Association of Man-
ufacturers:
"Prices are high, as compared

Greek Rein forceirento
Halt 24500 Guerrillas
Army Air-borne Troops Trap Insurgent
Band Nineteen Miles from Epirian Capita
ATHENS, July 15--(P)-Air-borne Greek Army reinforc
halted abruptly today a drive by 2,500 savagely fighting gu
troops 19 miles from their objective, the Epirian capital of Io
in Northwestern xreece, and enveloped them in a trap from
they "cannot escape," a Cabinet Minister said tonight.
The Guerrilla drive, which the Greek Government contend
iginated in Albania, was stopped short at the village of Negr
-- 19 miles north of Ioannina
ina) during the first cla
ilay U rania tween government troops a
insurgent band.
To Be Next in Government Confident
The Government Minist
it had not been determin
PlaVers SerieS how large a scale the ba
Negradhes had been wage
"The King's Henchman," writ- that the government was
ten by the American poetess Edna its population of 20,000 ha
St. Vincent Millay will be pre- dissipated.
sented by the speech department's War Minister GeorgeE
Michigan Repertory Players at 8 said that two army briga
p.m. tomorrow through Saturday 1,500 men each moving do
and at 2 p.m. Saturday at Lydia the guerrilla forces from the
Mendelssohn Theatre. and a third brigader
Sam Rich will star in the play against them from the o
as Eadgar, King of England with direction had halted then
John Babington as Aethelwold, to Ioannina.
---- They Cannot Escape
The guerrillas "cannot
and they have to give b
Stratos declared.
A source close to the
general staff said a "show
battle between the army a
guerrillas, who began a s
offensive Sunday, movinga
the village of Konitsa with
tarly precision and full war
ment, probably would tak
, ;. r soon .in the region of the
of Yeroplatanos, 25 miles n
vra l Ionnmna.
Guerillas Surrounded
Guerrillas in the area of
platanos and nearby Vasil
few miles to the north, n
surrounded, he said, whil
miles west of Yeroplatan
insurgents who were repu
Konitsa now are trapped1
Greek brigades.
SAM RICH Stratos said his governme
... to play Eadgar ascertained there were larg
centrations of arms and m
the friend whose disloyalty leads supplies at three points in
to unhappiness and subsequent ia just over the Greek f
suicide, and Judy Greengard as and at three points in Yug(
Aelfrida the third member of the -
triangle. M ash all P i
O th e r m e m b e rs o f th e c a s t a re IJa c I s i n s M a c u sUAe h el
Jack Iskin as Maccus, Aethel- .
wold's servant, Joyce Katz as Ase. ains .iu i
Aelfrida's servant and Ward Al-

Erman

Threatens

Policy

Declared
U.S. Delegate
Sees Danger
Of Clash Soon
Asks UN To Meet
al Continually in Crisis
ements
uerrilla By The Associated Press
uerila LAKE SUCCESS, July 15-The
annina United States told the United Na-
which tions Security Council today that
the situation in Greece "might
led or- burst into an explosion any day"
radhes, and urged delegates to meet con-
(Jan- tinuously to quell the threat to
sh be- world peace.
nd the "A siutation is developing dan-
gerously along the Greek-Alban.
ian border which might burst in-
er said to an explosion any day," Deput;
e<; on Delegate Merschel V. Johnsol
ttle at said soberly. "The events of the
d, but past few days indicate that th
confi- situation has worsened.
na and "The United States urges the
d been Security gouncil to proceed with
all possible dispatch in setting up
Strato4 this ( border watch) commission."
des of Johnson asked the Council to
wn on hold two special meetings to-
e north morrow and to vote "as soon as
moving possible" on proposals to end
pposite the border disturbances.
menace Nesti Kerenxhi, Albanian rep-
resentative, told the Council that
a "so-called international bri-
escape gade" was merely a repetition of
battle,' previous reports - "completely
without foundation"-spread by
Greek Greek officials.
vdown" "The lies from Greek sources-
nd the intended for the outside world-
urprise cannot stand up for a single min-
against ute," he added.
h mili- Yugoslavia said the reports
equip- were without foundation and
e place the situation was not as diffi-
villagE cult as it had been pictured by
orth of some delegates.
Greek ambassador Vassili Den-
dramis retorted quickly that
Yero- "there have been real battles go-
ikon, a ing along the Albanian border for
ow are two days." He backed Johnson's
e nine .appeal for speed on a decision.
os the In his plea, Johnson gave the
Ised at first indication that the United
by twc States might be ready to compro-
mise on sections of its demands.
nt had He said he was willing to stress
e con- conciliation but noted that cer-
nilitary tain sections such as establish-
Alban. ment of the commission were
rontiei "fundamental."
)slavia. Earlier, French Delegate Al-
exandre Parodi called attention
to the "grave" reports from
Greece and counseled delegates
to "keep calm."
)rt He urged delegates to await full
confirmation of dispatches before
forming conclusions and caution-
ed that the council must confine
its action to limits of the UN
15-(P) charter.
oupled
arshahl
nndos- Steel Shortage
idorse-
iliTo Shut GM
ce res-
udying 180,000 Wok
s res- 1orkers
e sub- To Be Affected
in at-
row. DETROIT, July 15-(P)-A de-
rshall's cision to halt passenger car pro-
is pro- duction for one week, with a lay-
a gen- off of 180,00 workers, was an-
om the nounced by General Motors to-
night because of the steel indus-
nilitary try's "disturbed conditions."
armed The big corporation, which
ng for makes about half of America's

of war. motorcars, said reduced steel in-
fensive ventories traceable to the "coal-
nd re- mining situation".
of the General Motors' announcement
was made by President C. E. Wil-
son in a formal statement.
"Due to the disturbed condi-
tions in the steel industry caused
by the coal-mining situation dur-
ns ing the first two weeks of July,
O s Wilson said, "delivery of steel 'to
General Motors has been reduced
y that to such a low level that all pas-
tion to senger car production will have
he de- to be shut down for one week to
allow 'us to accumulate sufficient
working inventory."
ilk on

1
1
1

quist as Ordgar, Aelfrida's fath-
er.
Morton Klayman, Richard
Shafer, Robert Campbell, David
Flaumenhaft, Jacqueline Kramer,
Mildred Ashley, Mary Lou Blatt-
speiler, Dorothy Hickman, Dixie
Hunt, Arthur Flemings and Ellen
Estlund will also appear in the
play.
The cast also includes Bruce
Nary, Edmund Johnston, James
Drummond and Ruth Arrington.
Claribel Baird, visiting director,
will direct the play with sets by
Oren Parker, assisted by Robert
Mellencamp and Jack Bender, and
costumes by Berneice Prisk.
Tickets may be purchased at
the Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre
box-office.
Scholarship Ends
Today is the last day for Can-
adian undergraduate students to
apply for the Paul J. Martin
Scholarship for Canadian Stu-
dents.

Of Gvernoi
SALT LAKE CITY, July 1
-The nation's governors c
tonight support of the M
Plan with moves toward er
ment of the widespread n
preparedness program.
The Governors' conferen
olutions committee is st
four national preparednes
olutions. One is likely to b
mitted to the 43 governors
tendance for a vote tomorr
Secretary of State Mai
plea here for support of h
gram to aid Europe drew,
erally favorable program fr
governors.
He urged universal m
training, merger of the
services, legislation providi
total mobilization in casec
uniform hemispheric de
training and armament, a
search "to stay aheadt
world."

LINGUISTIC INSTITUTE:
Scholars Hunt Down Strange Tongues

By MALCOLM WRIGHT
The Linguistic Institute has con-
ducted half of its 20 years of re-
search here, according to its direc-
tor, Prof. Hans Kurath, because
of the availability of outstanding
language projects and excellent
library resources.
A unique linguistic atlas of the
United States and Canada illus-
trating geographical influences on
language, being compiled here
from reports of field workers, Dr.
Kurath specified, attracts profes-
sors and students from all parts
of the country. A dictionary of

York, the University of North
Carolina and the University of
Wisconsin, Dr. Kurath said, the
Institute has now been at Michi-
gan since 1931, with an interrup-
tion of only two years..
The program this year, he ex-
plained, which is more complete
than it was during the war years,
has attracted many younger schol-
ars who had been out of touch
with linguistics during their years
in the armed forces. Traditional
introductory courses in general
linguistics, phonetics, phonemics
and historical grammar of various

provement of language instruc-
tion, are the four main objectives
of the Linguistic Institute, Dr.
Kurath said, adding that no other
center in the world is attempting
to do the same thing. Research
scholars are taught how to handle
people and what questions to ask
them, he explained. Some Chinese
and Japanese students, who spend
20 hours a week with instructors
in English, learn the language in
two semesters, he said. The most
important thing in learning a
language is first to become ac-
quainted with sounds, he explain-

ADAIKS' ADDRESS:
Decries Scholastic Limitati(

Democracy cannot proceed with
its educational plans on the as-
sumption that there is some so-
cial or economic class limitation
upon the number of persons for
whom we can afford higher edu-
cation, according to Provost

cept any social philosoph
would limit college educat
the white collar class,"1
Glared.
The conference prograi
continue today with a s
"..rn A rs f r1-.,fc'Vi