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LVI, No. 3S
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 4, 1946
PRICE FIVE CENTS
::
INDEPENDENCE DAY:
Philippine Civilization Like
Early American-Swinton
By PHYLLIS KAYE
A strong parallel may be drawn between the degree of civilization exist-
ing in the American colonies in 1776 and the present state of the Philippine
Islands, Prof. Roy S. Swinton, of the Engineering College, declared yester-
day.
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Prof. Swinton was the first teacher in the College of Engineering of
University of the Philippines in 1911. He was also in Manila at the
reak of the war, working on the rebuilding of the engineering school.
* * * Prof. Swinton and his wife were in-
~ousan s See terned by the Japanese for several
husand See eas
"The Philippines are receiving
ilipin s Gauttheir independence at a time when
they have more college graduates
and probably a higher rate of lit-
td a en' nceeracy than existed in the original
American states," Prof. Swinton
ANILA, Thursday, July 4-The pointed out.
ublic of the Philippines was born It must be remembered, he added,
y amid the rubble of war, cradled that the United States had slavery
he strong hand of Uncle Sam. for over 80 years after they became
appy, excited thousands attend- independent. When we compare this
he historic ceremony which cut and other features of early American
islands free fronm the United civilization with the present state
es and gave Filipinos their long of advancement of the Philippines,
ed freedom. the islands "show up pretty good,"
as Sworn In Prof. Swinton said. Their civiliza-
anuel A. Roxas was sworn in tion is "much further advanced" than
resident and Elpidio Quirino as was America's 50 years after the
president to guide the country colonists came here. England cer-
s first years of independence, tainly did not consider us ready for
esident Truman pledged in independence.
hington that the United States Americans, he stated, have a
assist the new Philippines re- tendency to look "askance" at cer-
ic "in every way possible." tain aspects of the Filipino's hers-
eneral of the Army Douglas Mac- tage of Spanish culture, but it
ur, who led the liberation of is "no better and no worse" than
islands from the Japanese, des- anything America has shown.
Sthe infant republic as coming There are many "sincere, honest,
being amidst issues "whichhave able and good" Filipinos, but they
r weighed more heavily upon the also undoubtedly have their quota
ny of the human race." of politicians and "opportunists."
Arthur Voices Wish "The new Philippine Republic will
n their solution this new re- face many painful problems," Prof.
is will be called unan to take Swinton declared, "but they will be
its stand," he continued.
"God grant that it may raise its
voice firmly and fearlessly in align-
ment with those great forces of right
which seek to avoid the destructive
influences which, despite our past
victories, still harass the world."
Vet Allowances
Total 3 Million
Subsistence Equals
Half of VA Benefits
Subsistence allowances totaling $3,-
483,326 were paid during the molnth
of May to Michigan veterans enrolled
under the GI Bill in education and
training programs and to disabled
veterans receiving on-the-job train-
ing.
This figure represents nearly half
of the $7,314,717 in various benefits
paid to the state's war veterans, their
dependents, and beneficiaries, the
Veterans Administration announced
yesterday. The remainder of the pay-
ments were for disability and death
pensions and compensations and mis-
cellaneous obligations such as burial
expenses..
A substantial increase in the volume
of subsistence payments to veterans
enrolled at educational and on-the-
job training institutions accounted
for the nearly $1,000,000 increase in
the total amount of benefits paid
over the month of April.
Disability and death compensation
payments for veterans of both World
War I and World War II decreased
during May.
110 Foreign
Students Enroll
Dr. Esson M. Gale, counselor to
foreign students and director of the
University's International Center,
revealed yesterday that 410 foreign
students have registered for the sum-
mer sesion at the University.
The students are classed as those
h.ving access to the services of the
counselor to foreign students, as some
of the group are from United States
possessions.
A breakdown on the number of
students, Dr. Gale announced, will
be available next week.
Lie Foresees Delay
In UN Fall Meeting
NEW YORK, July 3-(A)-Trygve
Lie, Secretary-General of the United
Nations, indicated tonight that plans
for the Sept. 3 meeting of the Gen-
eral, Assembly might have to be
changed if the world peace confer-
ence is in session in September.
Lie declined to say specifically
whether the assembly meeting might
be postponed, but when asked what
Tom Walsh, who served on the
circulation staff for Yank Magazine
for eight months in the Philip-
pines, will speak on the Philippine
political situation at the Lane Hall
Luncheon at noon Saturday.
All students wishing to attend
the luncheon should make reser-
vations by calling Lane Hall 4121
extension 2148 by 5 p.m. Friday.
no more painful than some of the
problems facing our government to-
day."
It is probably true, as an American
senator once said, that if a vote were
taken in the Philippines and were
restricted to all those who had any
real property, the results would be
95 per cent for remaining with the
United States, he explained. This
parallels the Tory sentiments in the
American Revolution.
"However," Prof. Swinton added,
"these people are not a majority of
the population, and if a general vote
were taken, independence would
prove overwhelmingly popular." The
Filipinos want independence and are
probably more capable of handling
their problems than were the original
American states."
Airlines Strike
To Continue
ST. PAUL, July 3-(P)-John Mur-
ray, U.S. Mediation Board represen-
tative, announced tonight that ne-
gotiations seeking to end the na-
tionwide strike of Northwest Air-
lines' machinists had been broken
off and the union immediately issued
a statement saying the strike would
continue.
Murray refused any comment fol-
lowing the day-long talks between
company and union representatives
and was noncommital also on Presi-
dent Truman's appointment late to-
day of an emergency fact-finding
board.
In Accord
On Trieste
By The Associated Press
PARIS,-July 3-The four-power
Foreign Ministers Council achieved
complete accord today on interna-
tionalization of Trieste and solved
the Italian colonies dispute but
clashed on American demands for
convoking the 21-nation European
Peace Conference.
Senator Arthur Vandenberg said
the demand by U.S. Secretary of
State James F. Byrnes that the min-
isters call the peace conference this
month touched off an "awful row"
Byrnes engaged in a sharp exchange
on the subject held on one of the
hottest afternoons of the year.
Molotov fiercely opposed any move
to fix a date for the peace con-
ference until the four foreign minis-
ters agreed on the Italian repara-
tions question.
Standing by his repeatedly voiced
demand, Byrnes insisted that the
ministers convoke the other Allied
nations for July 22 or July 25, Ameri-
can informants said. Molotov in-
stead suggested Sept. 1 or 15 but still
blocked any action on setting a date.
Subsequently Vandenberg expres-
sed the opinion that the peace con-
ference would be called sometime
during the latter part of July.
In advancing a six-point statement
of basic principles for Trieste, Byrnes
said he had drafted this document
last night with the aid of Vanden-
berg. With one French and two Rus-
sian amendments the statement was
adopted as a foundation for creating
an international zone at the head of
the Adriatic.
Later Bevin proposed a three-point
formula for the Italian colonies
which would keep them temporarily
under British. military administra-
tion
World News
At A Glance
Mihailovic Defense Fails..
BELGRADE, July 3-()-The de-
fense failed today in a third attempt
to bring rescued American fliers into
the treason trial of Gen. Draja Mi-
hailovic as witnesses for the Chetnik
commander.
The military court rejected the
defense motion on the ground that
such testimony would not be neces-
sary because it would relate only to
a limited period of Chetnik activities
in the war.
* * ,,
Soviets Set Pole Border...
WARSAW, July 3-(P) - Soviet
troops have driven stakes along
Poland's eastern border, indicating
permanent establishment of the
Curzon Line as the Polish-Russian
frontier, even while the counting
of Polish referendum ballots show-
ed sharp disapproval of such a
border.
* * *
Loan Opposition Forms.-.
WASHINGTON, July 3-(IP)-Op-
position to the proposed $3,750,000,-
000 loan to Britain took organized
form in the House today.
Seventy-five of the 435 House mem-
bers issued a statement calling on
Congress to look after America's war
veterans and aged, before making
any huge foreign loans.
* * * '
Retirement Act Passed ...
WASHINGTON, July 3-(1P)-An
expansion of the Railroad Retire-
ment and Unemployment Acts to
increase the benefits and the num-
ber of employes covered was passed
by the House today and sent to the
Senate.
EMPLOYES OF OPA lounge in their chairs in Washington, D.C., as they hear Administrator Paul Porter (ex-
treme leftl urge them to remain "at battle stations" even though the future of their jobs remains in doubt.
Sen. Barkley has said that there will be an OPA bill for the Senate by Friday.
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, July 3-The Sen-
ate Banking Committee failed to
agree on a new OPA bill tonight but
Democratic Leader Barkley (Ky.) an-
nounced he expects to have oie ready
for the Senate floor by Friday.
The committee recessed after a
four-hour session behind closed doors
but will resume work tomorrow des-
pite the July Fourth holiday.
Proposes Substitute
Barkley proposed eliminating two
Republican - sponsored pricing
Campus, Town,
Vets Unite o
Resume OPA
The Campus, Town, and Willow
Village chapters of the American
Veterans Committee are uniting their
efforts in an all-out fight for the
resumption of OPA.
The first step in their campaign
will begin Friday when veterans at
information tables scattered through-
out the campus will urge members
of the student body to write immed-
iately to the Congressmen from their
areas as well as the members of the
Senate and House Currency and
Banking Committees who must first
act upon the bill to restore the Office
of Price Administration.
Contacting State Authorities
The AVC is now contacting the
State authorities in an effort to have
the special session of the State Legis-
lature use its emergency powers to
establish price control within the
state in the event that Congress does
not reestablish OPA this week.
On campus the AVC will act as a
clearing agency for information re-
garding major price increases by
local.merchants. By means of public-
presure through the publication of
large price hikes by local stores, the
AVC will attempt to hold prices
down. Offending merchants will be
boycotted.
Aim at Concerted Protest
The local AVC chanters are now
contacting other organizations such
as the CIO, the AF of L, and the Na-
tional Citizens Political Action Com-
mittee (non-labor) who are also
working to restore the Office of Price
Administration in an effort to pre-
sent a concerted protest. Tentative
plans for this protest are to estab-
lish a "Buyer's Strike" or a "Work
Holiday," or to send a delegation to
Washington in conjunction with fie
organized corespondence campaign
which will begin Friday.
American Strikes Blamed
For Rationing in Britain
LONDON, July 3-(R)-,Food Min-
ister John Strachey today laid much
of the responsibility for British bread
Unions To Bear Stiff Penalties for
Anti-Racketeering Law Violation
Basic Labor
--------Objectives SNo t
Af fected By Act
DEBATE CONTINUES:
Barkley Promises Senators
New OPAI Measure By Friday
amendments from the OPA exten-
sion bill vetoed by President Tru-
man, then sending it back to the'
White House.
When, that plan met resistance
Barkley countered with a proposed
substitute for manufacturers' pricing
amendments sponsored by Senator
Taft (Rep.-Ohio) and singled out
for bitter criticism by Mr. Truman
in his veto message.
Still Being Considered
The Barkley substitute still was
under consideration when the com-
mittee recessed until tomorrow.
Barkley said that after a decision
is reached on that proposal, he prob-
ably wil offer a substitute for the
other amendment criticized particu-
larly by Mr. Truman-one by Senator
Wherry (Rep.-Neb.) setting out a
price policy for wholesalers and re-
tailers.
The Barkley substitute makes the
base period the calendar year 1940,
and provides that the ceilings must
provide "not less thancthe average
dollar price of such commodity dur-
ing the base period, plus the increase
cost of producing, manufacturing or
processing the same accruing since
the base period."
The Taft provision declared in sub-
stance that maximum prices appli-
cable to producers, processors and
manufacturers must reflect their
prices during the first half of Octo-
ber, 1941, plus the weighted average
increase in unit cost among typical
members of the industry in question.
Meat, Dairy, Stock
Market Prices Soar
Meat, milk and butter prices crept
upward in the nation's retail stores
yesterday despite a temporary halt
in the rising livestock market and a
plea from Secretary of Agriculture
Anderson to defer increases in dairy
products until the question of future
price control and subsidies is set-
tled.
This trend was evident in Wall
Street, where traders poked through
the slowest session since last August,
and also in the grain and livestock
markets.
UNT'Commission
Adopts Majority
Atomic Ru111g
By The Associated Press
NEW YORK, July 3-Soviet R us-
sia suddenly abandoned today her
fight for a two-thirds majority rule
in the United Nations Atomic Ener-
gy Commision, and the commission
unanimously decided that a simple
majority of seven members would
govern all its decisions.
Meeting for 39 minutes in a hotel
ballroom, the commission adopted all
rules of procedure presented by a
committee of experts and then ad-
journed without a date for its next
meeting.
Andrei A. Gromyko of Russia
showed a conciliatory spirit at the
set when he called for the commis-
sion to adopt a rule providing for a
two-thirds vote-eight members of
the commission of 12 nations-on
matters of substance and a majority,
of seven on matters of procedure.
Previously his representative on the
committee of experts had held out
for a two-thirds vote on all ques-
tions.
Dr. Herbert V. Evatt of Australia,
chairman, quickly opposed Gromyko.
He referred to the involved debate
in the Security lbouncil last week in
which Gromyko three times invoked
the veto and said it had demonstrated
there sometimes was difficulty in
making a distinction between pro-
cedural and substantive matters.
Atomi~c Vessel1s
Still Dangerous
Aboard U.S.S. Appalachian, Thurs-
day, July 4-(P)-Ships cannot be
built with steel thick enough to pro-
tect their crews from; the terrific
lethal radiation of a close atomic
explosion, Col. Stafford Warren, Biki-
ni safety officer, asserted today.
Some of the 73 target vessels re-
main dangerously radioactive even
now, he declared-the fourth day
after the ball-of-fire blast which sank
five, heavily damaged nine and af-
fected, in all, 59 warships.
He predicted it will be five or six
days more before all the ships of the
guinea pig fleet become "entirely
safe."
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, July 3-President
Truman today signed into law the
Hobbs Bill making unions subject to
the National Anti-Racketeering Law.
This act provides stiff penalties for
those obstructing interstate commerce
by robbery or extortion.
Special Message to Congress
Mr. Truman announced his action
in a special message to Congress in
which he said:
"Section 11 of the Case Iabor Dis-
putes Bill seriously weakened the pro-
tection afforded to labor by the Nor-
ris-LaGuardia , Act and correspon-
dingly crippled the specific excep-
tions contained in Section Seven of
the Case Bill. The present act, stand-
ing alone, is not subject to this ob-
jection."
Truman Vetoes Case Bill
Mr. Truman vetoed the Case Bill
and was sustained in this action by
the House.
In vetoing the Case Bill the Presi-
dent approved the principle of the
Hobbs clauses it contained but ex-
pressed fear that they might inter-
fere with labor's right to strike and
to picket peacefully.
"The attorney general," Mr. Tru-
man told Congress today, "advises me
that the present bill does not in any
way interfere with the rights of un-
ions in carrying out their legitimate
objectives. He bases this conclusion
upon the language of the bill, and
upon the legislative history."
Starr, Levin
Get udoreships
Justices Fill Federal
Positions il Michigan
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, July 3-Justice
Raymond W. Starr of the Michigan
Supreme Court and Theodore Levin,
a Detroit attorney were nominated
today by President Truman to fill
vacant Federal Judgeships in Michi-
gan.
Justice Starr was nominated to
.succeed the late Judge Fred M. Ray-
mond for Western Michigan. Levin
was nominated to succeed Judge Ed-
ward J. Moinet, retired, in the Eas-
tern district.
Advised of the nomination in Lan-
sing, Starr said he was "very appre-
ciative" and that he would accept it.
He said he would devote "my full
time and my best efforts to the work
before me."
Stares elevation will leave a va-
cancy on the State Supreme Court
bench to be filled through an ap-
pointment by Gov. Harry F. Kelly,
The nomination of Starr and Levin
ended months of speculation con-
cerning the judgship selections. The
probable appointments had been a
source of controversy between party
officers and the Michigan Congres-
sional delegation.
* * *
Starr Denies Efort
To Embarass GOP
YANKEE INFLUENCE:
Bilbo Methods Are on Wane
In South, Lederle States
Although the victory of Sen. Theo-
dore Bilbo over his opponents in Mis-
sissippi's mixed Democratic primary
is due to the fact that he "plays up
to southern antagonism toward Yan-
kee domination, this type of appeal
is less influential in the South than
formerly," Prof. John W..Lederle, of
the political science department, de-
clared yesterday.
The CIO Political Action Commit-
tee has begun to operate in the
South, though they cannot do much
in Mississippi because of the lack of
industry, and the southerners con-
sider them "carpet-baggers in mod-
part of the population votes in the
South, campaign propaganda meth-
ods of this sort prove "more effec-
tive" than they otherwise would,
Prof. Lederle stated.
However, he added, "I do not think
Bilbo is a particularly smart man.
He wields no influence in the Senate
and is neither liked nor respected
by his colleagues."
On the whole, Prof. Lederle de-
clared, our senators and repre-
senatives are of a "fairly high cali-
bre." The people in general elect
good representatives, but occasion-
TOWARD DEMOCRACY:
Transition of Jap Education
Possible, Prof.Trow Says
LANSING, July 3- (P) - Justice
Raymond W. Starr of the State Su-
preme Court threw cold water today
on suggestions his nomination by
President Truman to be Federal Dis-
trict Judge for western Michigan was
timed to embarrass the Republicans.
. G.O.P. leaders thought they scented
a Democratic plot to leave them with-
out a nominee to fill the vacancy left
in the State Court by Starr's ap-
pointment.
They pointed out that if Starr
should resign as State Justice Satur-
day morning the Republican State
Convention, which ends Friday, would
be blocked from nominating a candi-
date for his job, while the Demo-
crats, meeting later Saturday, could
fill the nomination and be certain of
electing at least one. judge to the
bench in November.
H. D. Hauf, 'U' Alumnus,
Named to Housing Board
The Japanese will be able to make
the transition from an autocratic
to a democratic education system,
Prof. William Clark Trow of the
School of Education declared yester-
day.
Prof. Trow, recently returned
from Japan, was the third speaker
the Ministry of Education, which has,
rigidly prescribed both the content
and method of education."
Easing of the Ministry's influ-
ence would, he said "permit a
greater degree of local determina-
tion of education policies and the
development of competitive in-