r Fifty-Sixtih Year LABOR NEWS AN) COMMENT: Midnight Rides of Terror BILL MAULDIN Fl ucui I EDITOR'S NOTE: Samuel Grafton Is now on his annual vacation. During this time until he resumes his column with the fall issue of The Daily, Victor Riesel's labor column will be run, beginning today. -4, By VICTOR RIESEL ,4 h ' Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Editorial Staff Managing editors .. Paul Harsha, Milton Freudenhin As5.OIAT LDITORS City News ..................Clyde Recht Univirsity...........................Natalie Bagrow sports ....................................Jack M artin Women's ................................ Lynne Ford Business Staff Business Manager ........................ Janet Cork Telephone 23-24.1 Member of The Associated Press ' 2The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for re-publication of all news dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of re- publication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, u second-class mail matter, Subscription during the regular school year by Co- rier, *4.50, by mail, $5.25. RSPREBONTD FOR NATIONAL ADVERTSiNG BY National Advertising Service, Inc. * College Publishers Representative 420 MADISON Ave. * NEW YORK. N.Y. CNICAO - BOSTON - LOS ANGELES - SAN AFANcISCO Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1945.46 NIGHT EDITOR: NATALIE BAGROW Editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. ~Dploma Factory" FOR SEVERAL inevitable reasons, mass edu- cation has been thrust upon us; we are caught completely unprepared. Returned ser- vice-men, freshmen, co-eds, and other students are inundating our campuses throughout the country. This University alone thinks it will be able to instruct 18,000 students next semester! The consensus of opinion of educators is that there will be no enrollment relief for a decade or more. The flood is permanent! Mass education presents an Achilles heel which the educators would do well to ponder. This feature is betraying traditional regard for the individual student. Students who, by virtue of individual personality, psychological constitution, personal tastes, courses of study, and other important considerations, should have single rooms, for example, are forced in with other students with whom they have lit- tle in common. Study becomes impossible. There is no opportunity for tranquil medita- tion or reading in the privacy of one's own room. Everywhere there are crowds! Although most students are of that "the-gang's-all-here, good comradeship" clan who can get along joy- ously with any crowd, there is the converse also, the person who subsequently is lost in the shuffle. It is he who is made so miserable that he cannot study. The congestion in classrooms is another dan- ger of mass education; even worse are jammed laboratories. Fortunately, new construction can relieve this condition. Such a program ad captandum vulgus with subsequent degradation of study conditions and hence of standards also lowers the prestige and eminence of the college. The institution loses its dignity and becomes just another "diploma factory." The traditional campus spirit of the "good old days" is defunct. The old-time col- legiate atmosphere gives way to a mad, big city scramble for credits, diplomas-and rooms. Mass production education at the expense of living standards is to be condemned. Educa- tion of the qualified masses is highly desirable only insofar as it does not lower standards in any way. A "diploma factory" does not turn out spiritually and scholarly educated leaders for society; it can not. The fruits of education are to be had only through judicious administration and provision for the personal needs and differences of the students. Otherwise, we shall witness the rapid degeneration of the finest universities in the country. There is no royal road to knowledge. As Fichte put it: "We wish to give-society-a leader and we make a tool; we wish to stimulate originality and we produce passivity; we destroy the man within him, so far as we can do so by our ar- rangements, and are guilty of an injury both to him and to society ... " -Richard W. Fink IF YOU HAVE never gone to bed with the nerve-burning fear that at midnight, masked men will knock at your door-or break it down- and order you to core with them and their whip-carrying, hooded companions, you can't MAN TO MAN: Britsh Puppet By HAROLD L. ICKES THE UNITED STATES should do its own thinking on international policies and stand on its own feet. Too often in the past have we allowed ourselves to be put in leading strings by 10 Downing street. We appeased with Cham- berlain. We genuflexed with the British in the direction of both Hitler and Mussolini until our knees would bend no further. We followed the British line with respect to Spain and the Argen- tine and now we are breaking faith as to Pales- tine. The Anglo-American Commission of Inquiry that spent four months studying the Palestine question made a unanimous recommendation to both London and Washington that 100,000 home- less European Jews be admitted to Palestine immediately. Last May, following the report of this commission, President Truman announced that this ought to be done. But this did not suit the British. understand the fright felt today by men who lead Southern labor. Despite the ultra-modern publicity which gives the nation an impression of irresistible labor power, Dixie unions just are not strong enough for the coming showdowns with the Ku Klux Klan and its nighttime fellow travelers. Dixie labor needs friends today, among the public and in the industrialists who want to see fair play-for that showdown between the hooded men and unions is coming. Labor men, working with some of the country's shewdest investiga- tors, have discovered a 12-year-old Klan plot against labor in general and the CIO in par- ticular. Here's part of the record which horriflies Southern unions: In 1934:-Five men kidnap Frank Norman, citrus fruit union organizer, in Lakeland, Fla. He is not seen again a Klan Kleagle is charged with the crime, but a frightened Grand Jury refuses to indict, 1935:-The KKK warns "we shall fight horror with horror" when the new CIO announced it will unionize Southern industries. 1935:-A few months later, Joseph Shoe- maker, a Florida union organizer, is mutilated, flogged and tarred in Tampa. He dies. Some of those arrested admit they are Kluxers. 1937:-KKK leaders report the largest mem- bership in 15 years resulting from the Ku Klux fight on the CIO's textile and steel workers' or- ganizing committees which are led by Jews and Catholics, respectively. Crosses are burned; un- ion organizers flogged; and new union members whipped. Posters reading: "CIO is Communistic. Communism will not be tolerated. KKK rides 'again" spring up overnight throughout the Carolinas. 1938:-New union mill workers in Atlanta are flogged by Klansmen. 1939:--Imperial Wizard Hiram Evans at his National headquarters (Atlanta) warns - "Henceforth the Klan will devote its efforts to fighting Communism and the CIO." 1940:-The more subtle new Wizard Colescott, writing in the KKK's newspaper, the Fiery Cross, says: "I call upon those (Klansmen) affiliated lith labor organizations to organize themselves in groups and take over active leadership." 1942:-After weeks of terror the Klan burns crosses in front of Phil Murray's. steel workers' union hall and homes of his lieutenants in Holt, Fla. In Decatur, Ga., Kluxers drive around a CIO meeting hall, like warring Indians around covered wagons. "We've given you your last warning; we mean for you to get out and stay out." 1943:-Soldiers, off duty, stop carloads of Klansmen going to an anti-union demonstration in Apopka, Fla., and warn them to "take those damned hoods off." 1944:-Kluxers in Orlando, Fla., send a squad of 100 hooded men to intimidate employees at plants where the CIO is about to negotiate new contracts. Management as well as labor is an- gered. 1946:-The nations' key Klan unit, No. 1 den in Atlanta, which sets the pattern for Kluxers everywhere, meets Apr. 8, and is told "something will have to be done to nip the CIO's Southern organizing drive in the bud." Georgia's Green Dragon, who is about to be- come one of the country's most publicized man, sets, the tone for the KKK showdown with la- bor, when he advises his lieutenants: "The CIO is for the Negro and Jew. The KKK is declaring open war on the CIO." (Copyright, 1946, N.Y. Post Syndicate) I t&Y f 9 V _ '. Reg. U. S .Pst. 011-A'l ,qhf" ',,,,,d "Vighty nice of Brother Jenkins to lend us his store," T HE DECISION of the utility in- dustry to launch a widespread expansion of power lines in rural areas indicates that business leaders believe an extensive market is waiting on the more than 50 per cent of the nation's 6,000,000 farms which do not have electric power. Recently electric light and power companies met with representatives of the American Farm Bureau Federation, the largest farm group in the country, to map plans for extending service to rural areas. The research staffs of such com- panies as the Westinghouse Electric Corporation and the General Electric Company had compiled findings which decided the industry to go ahead. Irrespective of plans of the Rural Electrification Administration, the private utility companies have set up a budget of approximately $300,000,000 to cover construction costs of lines in country sections. Many farm leaders and many ex- perts in farm economics and rural sociology believe that electricity is the kingpin of a better farm econo- my. The extension of power to 3,- 000,000 more farms naturally means added revenue for the utility com- panies. Electricity for every farm in the nation is a logical goal. It means more business for manufacturers and a higher level of employment. It also means a 'higher standard of living for farmers plus more efficiency in many farm operations. As electricity supersedes human muscle for power it will make farming more satisfying to able and ambitious young people. From every angle, electricity on all the farms means a better nation. --The New York Timies The British appear to have two definite ob- jectives with respect to the land that had been promised as a national Jewish homeland. It is understood that the British strongly desire to fortify Palestine and make it their military base on the southern shore of the Mediter- ranean in the Middle East. The second appar- ent objective of the British is to divide Pales- tine into three separate areas-a small area of 1500 square miles for the Jews, a larger strip for the Arabs and still another for the British themselves. Instead of sovereignty for either the Jews or the Arabs, according to dispatches from London, political powers would be granted no greater in extend than those possessed by a county in the United States. All of the real powers would be held by the British. Both the Arabs and the Jews will resist to the utmost any proposed solution which solves noth- ing. It is unthinkable that the United States should be willing to postpone action with res- pect to these 100,000 homeless Jews to force a surrender by Jews and Arabs alike of the right of self-government in Palestine. .. The Jews and the Arabs ought to be per- mitted to settle their own difficulties. I am confident that they could do this, especially if the United States and Great Britain should advance a reasonable sum of money for the physical development of Palestine for the, benefit of both races. The Jews and the Arabs could learn to live together if Great Britain and the United States could bring themselves to an attitude of sympathetic understanding and a willingness, instead of giving orders and dictating policy from the outside, to help these two people to help themselves. (Copyright, 1946, N.Y. Post Syndicate) DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN tteri tLO the &Iit O Publication in The Daily Official Bul- letin is constructive notice to all mem- bers of the University. Notices for the Bulletin should be sent in typewritten form to the office of the Summer Ses- sion, Room 1213 Angell Hall by 3:30 p.m. on the day preceding publication (11:00 a.m. Saturdays). WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 7, 1946 VOL. LVI, No. 25S Notices City of Detroit Civil Service Com- mission Announcements have been received in this office for: 1. Occupational Therapist, $2,591- $2,936. Closing date is Aug. 9. 2. X-Ray Technician, $2,373-$2- 769. Closing date is Aug. 8. 3. Trained Nursing Attendant, $2,- 315-$2,385. Closing date is Aug. 8. 4. Nutritionist, $2,657-$2,930. Clos- ing date is Aug. 7. 5. St udent Technical ASsistant Specialties: Engineering, Business Administration, General Science, Physical Education, Social Science, $1,928-$2,080. Closing date is Aug. 7. 6. Student Social Worker, $2,109- $2,295. Closing date is Aug. 6. 7. Social Case Worker, $2,475-$2,- 835. Closing date is Aug. 6. For further information call at the Bureau of Appointments and Occupa- tional information, 201 Mason Hall. The Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the Uni- ted States of America has teaching vacancies in Alaska, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah in the following fields: English, Home Economics, Music, Mathematics and Science, Social Sci- ence, Commerial, Arts and Crafts,' Manual Arts, Elementary, Physical Education. Salaries consist of cash stipend, maintenance, and traveling expenses to field. Full details may be had at the Bureau of Appointments and Occupational Information. Notice to Veterans: All veterans training under Public Law 346 (GI Bill of Rights) in order to protect their future training rights must re- port to the Veterans Administration, Rm. 100, Rackham Building, accord- ing to the following schedule: Students in the term ending Aug- ust 9: Report Aug. 5-9. Students in the term ending Aug- ust 23: Report Aug. 712-17: Students whose term ends after' August. 23: Report August 19-24. Veterans' presence is necessary to fill out a training report and to in- dicate whether leave is desired. The office of the Veterans Admin- istration is open from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. daily and from 8:00 a.m. to noon on Saturdays. The Ballroom Dancing Class that regularly meets on Tuesday night at 7:30, will meet on Wednesday, August 7.$ City of Detroit Civil Service An- nouncements have been received in this office for: 1. Junior Architectural, Civil, Elec- trical, Mechanical, or Structural En- gineers, $2,723-$3,174. ... Closing Hours ,. , To the Editor: THE GENERAL LIBRARY is the only place many of us have to study. Its many rooms should meet our varied needs and preferences. The only trouble is that they do not. It is through no fault of the equipment which is (lighting excepted) very good. A great many students use the facilities offered in the Library and the great majority are con- siderate of their neighbors especially in regard to talking aloud. Why can't the librarians and other custodians of these sacred portals observe the same rules of conduct and whisper as they expect (and insist) that students do? Is there any need for them to engage in loud conversa- tion if only to attempt to- locate a book or to provide some gem of knowledge pertaining to the Library which only they possess? The Library is supposedly open until 10 o'clock which means, as far as I can see, that it should be quiet there until 10 o'clock so that eager students may utilize every minute of their pre- cious time. Is it necessary for the custodians to start closing windows, fixing shades, pushing chairs in place at nine-forty as was the case last night in the study hall? When a department store is open until six o'clock the employees are alert until that hour when they begin to clear up for the night. Aren't the employees of the University paid to do the same. We all realize they're anxious to get home. But we students are supposedly entitled to, the privilege of using the Library until 10. (We're paying for this privilege, too.) As far as I can see our privileges are not that numerous that we can afford to have them misused. -Ruth Giles , 0 Bicycle Plan-.. To the Editor: CONGRATULATIONS, Tom Walsh. Your ar- ticle in The Daily (July 31) on the cyclist menace was a most welcome one. The only hitch (the inevitable one)-haven't I heard that song before? Yes, last spring several of our student government representatives mentioned the cor- rection of that menace as a plank in their plat- forms. Was I naive enough to vote according to a candidate's platform? Since nothing has been done about this cyclist menace as yet, and since the need for the alleviation of this menace is not dimin- ishing I propose we work right now, immed- iately for its removal. Being so naive, how- ever, I would not know where my work starts. Do I tell my friends to walk to class, do I peti- tion to the Board of Governors for the removal of the bike racks which Mr. Walsh suggested, or do I sit and pray that some student gov- ernment representative will read my letter? My nose is peeling from sunburn and I can't quite appreciate the thought of its possible, skinning and bruising as a result of being pushed fiat on it by some eager cyclist-eager to get to his one o'clock by one-thirty, eager to avoid a possible collision, and eager to get out of class so he can cycle on his merry way. -Gerald St. Clair 2. Assistant Architectural, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, or Structural Engineers, $3,492-$3,968. Closing date is August 22, 1946. For further information, call at the Bureau of Appointments, 201 Mason Hall. The Chicago and Southern Airlines, Inc., are now taking applications for the September training class for stewardesses. Any girls who are in- terested in stewardess training for the airlines should call at. the Bur- eau of Appointments, 201 Mason Hall. State of Michigan Civil Service An- nouneements have been received in this office for: 1. Industrial Inspector I, $200-$240. 2. Dietitian A through II,$185-$290. 3. ' Addressing Machine Operator A2, $155-$175. 4. Blind Transcribing Machine Op- erator Ci, $135-$155. Closing date is August 21. 5. Architectural Engineers II, III, IV, $250-$440 Closing date is August 28. For further information, call at the Bureau of Appointments, 201 Mason Hall. Lectures Lecture: T. Luther Purdom, Direc- tor of the University Bureau of Ap- pointments and Occupational Infor- mation today, August 7 at 4:05 p.m. in the University High School Audi- torium. The topic will be "Saturday's Eleven-fifty-fivers." The public is invited to attend. Lecture: Ralph C. Wenrich, Assist- ant Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion in Charge of Vocational Educa- tion, Thursday, August 8 at 4:05 p.m. in the University High School Audi- torium. The topic will be "Current Philosophy of Vocational Education." Lecture: E. Blythe Stason, Profes- sor of Law and Dean of the Law School, Thursday, August 8 at 4:10 p.m. in the Rackham Amphitheatre. The topic will be "Technology, Law, and Administration." George N. Shuster, President of Hunter College, will give a lecture on "Good, Evil, and Beyond," Thurs- day, August 8 at 8:10 p.m. in the Rackham Amphitheatre. The public is cordially invited to attend. Professor Kenneth L. Pike, of the Summer Institute of Linguistics at the University of Oklahoma, will speak under the auspices of the Lin- guistic Institute on the subject: "American English Vowels," on Thur- sday,'August 8 at 1:00 pm. in Rm. 308 of the Michigan Union. The public is cordially invited. Professor Adelaide Hahn of Hunter College, President of the Linguistic Society of America, will speak under the auspices of the Linguistic Insti- tute on the subject: "Restrictive and non-restrictive forms of expression," on Wednesday, August 7 at 7:30 pm. in the Rackham Amphtheatre. The public is cordially invite. Academic Notices Seniors, College of Literature, Sci- ence, and the Arts, Schools of Edu- cation, Music, and Public Health: Tentative lists of seniors for Sep- tember graduation have been posted Mouse Perormyscus leucopus novebor- acensis (Fischer)" Wednesday, Aug. 7, at 2:30 p.m. in Rm. 3091 Natiral Science. Chairman, A. E. Woodwdrd. Departmental Chairmen, College of Literature, Science, and the At% College of Architecture, School of Education, School of Forestry and Conservation, School of Music, and School of Public' Health: Please send the class lists of classe having two or more sections to Miss Marian Williams, 122 Rackham Building, Wednesday, August 7 so that printed class, lists may be re- turned to the instructors on time. Speech Assembly: Professor War- ren A. Guthrie, Chairman of the Department of Speech at Western Reserve University, will discuss the practical aspects of public speaking training at the Speech Assembly Wednesday at 3 p.m. in the Rack- ham Amphitheatre. Attendance is required of all Speech concentrates, teaching majors and minors in Speech, and all graduate students working toward advanced degrees in Speech. Open to the public. Mechanical, Chemical and Chemis- try Students Graduating in August and February: Mr. C. K. Fossett of The Proctor and Gamble Company will interview seniors of above classi- fication for positions in their or- ganization, in Room 218 West Engin- eering Bldg., Wednesday, August 7. Please sign the interview schedule posted on the bulletin board at Room 221 W. Engr. Bldg. Colleges of Literature, Science, and the Arts, and Archecture and Design; Schools of Education, Forestry, Music, and Public Health: Summer Session Students wishing a transcript of this summer's work only should file a request in Room 4, U.H., several days before leaving Ann Arbor. Failure to file this request before the end of the session will re- sult in a needless delay of several days. Concerts Student Recital: On Wednesday evening, August 7, at 8:30 in Hill Auditorium, Phyllis Stevenson, or- ganist, will present her recital in partial fulfillment of the require- ments for the degree of Master of Music. Miss Stevenson's program will in- clude: Prelude, Fugue, and Chaconne by Buxtehude, Two Chorale Preludes by Bach, and Suite for Organ by De Lamarter. The public is cordially invited. Student Recital: Friday evening, August 9, at 8:30 in Pattengill Audi- torium, Robert G. Waltz, tenor, will present a program in partial fulfill- ment of the requirements for the de- gree of Bachelor of Music. Mr. Waltz's recital will include: selections by Handel, Mozart, Brahms, Franck, Rachmaninoff, and Hageman. Student Recital: Samuel P. Dur- rance, Jr., baritone, will present a program at 4:15 p.m., Wednesday, August 7 in the Pattengill Auditor- ium, Ann Arbor High School, given in partial fulfillment of the require- ments for the degree of Master of Music. Mr. Durrance's recital will in- clude English, French, Italian, and German selections by Debussv. Mn- d I A 4 A 4 A The Churches United BARNABY If all true believers spoke as one, that single voice would ring out with such force as to be compelling for the good of mankind. A signifi- cant step in that direction has been taken in London, where Protestant leaders of eight nations I've good news and bad news, Mr. Baxter. The Town Council has backed down on its plan to put teats on the green. But in tonight's paper there's a story about a new commercial building that's to go up. What about priorities in this case? We'll investigate, Mr. Shultz . . . And stop it . . . If it violates the low! By Crockett Johnson Note the headline, m'boy. The Fifth National Memorial Bank is erecting a new structure. In conjunction with a skating rink. We're back to normalcy. Tk-F~tarlY r r~r rft td ! rver l~irr"