PEACE
CONFERENCE

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VOL LVI, No. 22S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, AUGUST 2, 1946

PRICE FIVE CENTS

Munition Inquiry
Will Trace Blame
Army Reports To Reveal Companies
'That Manufactured Defective Shells
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, Aug. 1-Combat veterans told the Senate War In-
vestigating Committee today that the defective mortar shells which killed
their buddies can be traced to the manufacturer-and told it how.
One who served in Italy wrote that his 100th chemical mortar battalion
"had quite a bit of defective 4.2-inch ammunition" and that he has its lot
numbers. An ex-corporal of the 65th chemical company in Belgium reported
that he kept records on "a disgraceful number of defects," and a soldier wrote
that "Army regulations require that ammunition be stored and issued by
lot-number; that a report, giving lot-number, be made of all accidents in-
volving defective ammunition and the faulty round be impounded."
"From this information," hev,
added, "it should not be difficult to
find out who manufactured the
rounds which caused muzzle
bursts." This correspondent also
reported that an entire gun crew
was killed or wounded by a defec-
tive mortar shell in tests at Fort.
Bragg, N.C., in 1943 and that "a'
full report was made by the field
artillery board and copies will be:
found in its files."
"These reports show the lot-num-
ber of the defective round and fromr
that information the manufacturer
can be ascertained," he declared.
Sen. Ferguson (Rep., Mich) also
has reported receiving "a letter from
Texas which would indicate that a
certain explosion occurred there."
Sen. Knowland (Rep., Calif.),
another committee member, told
reporters a "demand" already is be-
ing pressed upon theChemical
Warfare service f or quick delivery CHARGES BLACKMAIL AT-
of the lotsnumbers of the 4.2 shells TEMPT -Paul A. Olson (above),
produced by the various manufac- tells Mead Committee, as witness,
tu.rers. that Eivind Anderson, Tacoma,
"Ones.tsaWash., contractor, tried to "black-
"Once we have those, and the lot of mail" him into withdrawing as a
numbers of the shells which caused candidate for Mayor of Tacoma by
the e casualties it should rove easy threatening to "injure him in some
ix responway" by use of a check for $2,500
The letters from officers and GIs which Anderson gave Olson while
with first-hand, battlefield exper- Olson was secretaryto Rep. John
ience challenged the testimony of Coffee (Dem.-Wash).
Maj. Gen. Alden H. Waitt, chief of________________
the Chemical Warfare Service, that
it would be "almost impossible" to
fix responsibility.
They also gave the first informa-
tion that the defective rounds had To rrotest nd
turned up in the Pacific as well as
the European theater. One reported
that at least four men of the 82nd
Chemical Mortar Battalion were
killed by a muzzle burst on Bougain- The Willow Village AVC last night
ville Island in 1944. decided to send a telegram to Gov-

Yugoslavia Refuses Trieste Decision Made
By Four-Power Foreign Ministers Council;

4(

Truman
Inflation Cause
For Slash In
Expenditures
Maritime Service Hit;
Liner Plans Cancelled
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, Aug. 1-President
Truman ordered the Army and Navy
to "reduce expenditures substantial-
ly" below their present programs de-
spite protests from Gen. Dwight D.
Eisenhower and Admiral Chester W.
Nimitz.
The Maritime Commission also
was directed specifically to retrench,
making it virtually certain that its
plans for seven modern new pas-
senger liners will be cancelled, leav-
ing the United States without a
single big passenger liner except for
those to be reconverted from troop-
ships.
Mr. Truman wrote the heads of
all departments and agencies that
"the present inflationary situation
and the need for reducing the pub-
lie debt make it imperative that ex-
penditures be held at tVe lowest
possible level."
In addition to the gen ral instruc-
tions to all departmer heads, the
President sent directiois for specific
reductions to some of them. In this-
connection he listee the War and
Navy Departments snd the Maritime
Commission.
The President wrote that "it is
the intention of the Congress and
of the adminisration that the re-
cint 'civilian pay increase e ab-
sorbed to a 'iery considerable ex-
tent. I believe this can be done if
active attention is given to all
feasible methods of improving per-
sonnel utilization. Economies and
short cus should be introduced in1
all oper ations."
Other general steps which the
chief executive ordered included
these:
Postponement of public works; de-
ferment at least until next Januaryr
of purchases of automobiles, office1
equipment, building materials andr
other scarce items; attention even to1
the "smaller economies."
President Truman did not disclose1
what the specific reductions were
which he proposed to the Army and
Navy and the Maritime Commission.
He announced a special news con-
ference on the budget will be held at
3 p.m. tomorrow.
Auto'Big Three'
Refuse UAW
Ruether's Conference
To Go On As Planned
DETROIT, Aug. 1-()-The mot-
orcar industry's "big three"-Gen-
eral Motors, Ford and Chrysler -
along .with three other automobile
manufacturers today turned down a
proposal by the CIO United Auto
Workers Union for a union-man age-
ment conference on problems a fect-
ing automobile production.
General Motors late this aft'rnoon
joined the cther larger car mekers in
asserting that "nothing coulc be ac-
complished 1. a meeting of the car
manufactureis and repres ntatives
of your union"
Nevertheless, UAW-CIO spokesmen
said the confer nce called ky Walter
P. Reuther, UAW-CIO presdent, for
tomorrow forenoon would roceed as
planned with representitives of
Studebaker, Willys - Overland and

Kaiser-Frazer participatir.g.

Orders Army, Navy

Budget

r i

Kadelj Declares

1

ARMY PLANE CRASHES IN STORM -Workers exa mine the wreckage of an Army B-25 after the plane
crashed near West, Miss., during an electrical storm. The wreckage is scattered throughout a wooded tract.
Police Chief Leck Tucker said five bodies were removed from the wreckage.

Compromise
Is Oppressive
Dutch Accuse Great
Of Imposing on Small
By The Associated Press
PARIS, Aug. 1-Yugoslavia bluntly
announced today she could not accept
the Big-Four compromise solution on
Trieste, and the Netherlands warned
the Peace Conference delegates that
the small nations are apposed to the
great powers imposing their will on
others.
In a bitter attack on the Trieste
decision, Yugoslav vice-premier and
chief delegate Edward Kardelj de-
clared his country would reject the
solution because "it abandons large
sections of our people to the oppres-
sion of Italy."
Theexpected'explosion on T-
este came after Soviet Foreign
Minister V. M. Molotov amended
a Gree motion in the rules com-
mittee to open the conference to
"any peace question." The com-
mittee adopted Molotov's amend-,
ment that any delegation could
raise any question "pertaining to
the draft treaties."
The Yugoslavs have bitterly op-
posed the Trieste decision since the
Four-Power Foreign Ministers' Coun-
cil accepted the French plan to place
the disputed port under international
control.
Kardeli at a plenary session de-
clared the French line as the boun-
dary between Italy and Yugoslavia
was a "negation of all the funda-
mental principles for which our peo-
ple fought."
Just before Kardelj's announce-
ment, Dutch Foreign Minister Bar-
on Van Boetzelaer revived the
equality dispute between the big
and little nations with the declara-
tion that "we are opposed to hav-
ing the great powers impose their
will on the others."
Urging the conference to serve the
interests of both great and small, the
Dutch delegate declared that "we
cannot agree that the great powers
shall dictate their will to others"
and "we are determined that in-
equality of treatment shall not go
beyond certain limits."
French Film
'Heart of Nationi
Will Be Shown

TROUBLE IN TEL AVIV:
Largest Underground Arsenal
Discovered in Boys' School


Cut

TEL AVIV, Palestine, Aug. 1-()-
British troops in a boys technical
school taken over as a battalion
headquarters today discovered the
largest arsenal of arms yet found in
their inch-by-inch search of Tel
Aviv.
Some troops had been in the build-
ing since Monday, unaware of the
powder keg hidden in a secret laby-
rinth of rooms beneath them. Thous-
ands of rounds of ammunition, mor-
tar bombs and hand grenades and
hundreds of rifles and pistols were
found in sealed rooms below the main

'An gel Street' To
Be Performed
3 More Times
"Angel Street," Patrick Hamilton's
mystery drama, will be performed
three Tiore times by the Repertory
Players in two evening performances
and in tomorow's matinee.
Hal Cooper, Dorothy Murzek, and
Robert 'Bouwsma are playing the
leading roles of Mr. Manningham,
Mrs. Manningham, and Hough, the
Scotland Yard detective.
Others in the cast are Judy Green-
gard, and Beth Laikin who are Nan-'
ey and Elizabeth, maids; and Wil-
liam Davis and Strother Martin who
are policemen.
The play is "a psychological dra-
ma in which an idea is imposed upon
the mind of a woman," Mrs. Claribel
Baird, director, said adding that the
play contains a "highly dramatic
situation that makes good theatre."
Dean Currie designed the setting
and Mis Lucy Barton did the cos-
tumes.
National Health
Is Endangered
Lewis Cites Wasteful
Extravagance As Cause
Food wastage and failure to enact
permanent legislation for food en-
richment were said- yesterday to be
threatening the national program of
improved nutrition and better health.
Dr. Howard B. Lewis, director of
the College of Pharmacy, spoke in
the University summer series on
modern science.
The United States has developed
food habits which, by the standards
of any other country ;;n the world,
are, he said, "wastejully extrava-
gant." He estimated that twenty-five
acres of every hundred are plowed,
planted, cultivated and harvested
with the produce to be "finally dis-

v

ernor Kelly protesting against the
proposed withdrawal of the state
subsidy for bus service between De-
troit and the Village.
The chapter will join with the
American Legion. Amvets, and VFW
in sending a representative commit-
tee to Lansing to see the Governor
personally sometime nef ore -August 5,
the date on which the final hearing
for the issue is scheduled.
Another telegram will be sent by
the chapter to Col. Philip C. Pack,
the director of the state office of
Veterans Affairs, who has been urging
the withdrawal of the subsidy.
Leading the discussion, vice-chair-
man Edgar Davis pointed out that
the proposed 65 cent increase in fare
violates a tacit understanding of a
10 cent fare that the Detroit Housing
Commisions made with approxi-
mately 1000 veterans of the Village
who work or go to school in the De-
troit area.
Urge Prosecution of
Georgia Lynch Mob
Twenty students from a University
Cooperative House, both negro and
white, sent a telegram yesterday to
President Truman and Attorney-
General Clark urging the prosecution
of those responsible for the lynching
of four Negroes last week in Georgia.
The telegram cited the record of
three of the Negroes in World War
II. The students urged that federal
troops be sent down to Georgia to
prevent further terror and to- pro-
tect the Negro citizens.

Attention Vets!
In order to protect their future
training rights all veterans in
school under Public Law 346 (the
GI Bill of Rights) must fill out a
training report and file an appli-
cation for leave, if desired, before
they leave school this term, the
Veterans Administration an-
nounced yesterday.
Veterans should report to the
VA office in Rm. 100 Rackham
Building in accordance with the
following schedule:
Students in the term ending
August 9: Report Aug. 5-9.
Students in the term ending
August 23: Report Aug. 12-17.
Students whose term ends after
August 23: Report Aug. 19-24.
The office of the Veterans Ad-
ministration is open from 8 a.m.
to 4:30 p.m. daily and from 8 a.m.
to noon on Saturdays.
Thor Johnson
Will 'Conduct
U' Symphony
Thor Johnson will conduct the
University Symphony Orchestra
when it presents its only concert of
the summer at 8:30 p.m. Tuesday in
Hill Auditorium.
Ninety musicians compose this
summer's orchestra. Andrew White,
baritone, and Joseph Brinkman,
pianist, of the School of Music fac-
ulty, will assist Johnson in the pro-
gram. which will feature contempor-
ary American music and the first
performance in Ann Arbor of several
such compositions.
The program will include "An Out-
door Overture," composed by Aaron
Copland in 1938, "Threnody," Op. 16,.
nm r- . a e7a il ro, n n i- n 0.4

floor of the school in this all-Jewish
community.
Belonged to Underground
Officials said they believed the arse-
nal belonged to the powerful Jewish
underground, Hagana.
A communique declared 664 per-
sons had been arrested up to noon
today in the careful screening of the
city's 200,000 population.
A British general said among them
were 35 men and one woman known
to be terrorists.
Sappers of an airborne division
still were hacking away this after-
noon at false walls and other hollow-
sounding places in the school.
Unit In Building Monday
One military unit had been in the
building since Monday morning, and
headquarters of Battalion G had
moved in later.
At dawn this morning an inspect-
ing officer found a newly-bricked up
hole in a wall behind a huge crate of
tools, and a full investigation was be-
gun.
A large store of arms, along with
equipment for forging government
bonds, was found yesterday beneath
the great synagogue of Tel Aviv.
Palestine Debate
LONDON, Aug. 1- (R) - Winston
Churchill expressed the hope tonight
that President Truman would not re-
ject the proposed division of Pales-
time as a solution of the Holy Land's
troubles and joined leaders of the
Labor Government in pleas for
American aid in making the plan
work.
Declaring British - American co-
operation in hammering put an ac-
ceptable Palestine plan "seems so far
to have failed," the opposition leader
spoke in a House of Commons de-
bate.

Chinese Reds
Admit Battle
With Marines'
PEIPING, Aug. 1-(A)-Official
Chinese Communist agencies acknow-
ledged today their troops fought a
battle with U.S. Marines Monday, but
pleaded self-defense and told the
Americans to get out of China if they
wanted to avoid trouble. .
The Marine Corps announced that
a motor convoy of Marines was am-
bushed 35 miles southeast of Peiping
and escaped only after a prolonged
battle in which three Marines were
killed and 12 wounded. Two others
were injured when their jeep over-
turned. The local Chinese press added
that three Marines were missing.
In defending themselves, the Ma-
rines killed. 12 Chinese and wounded
an undetermined number, according
to the latest Marine announcement,
which still identified the assailants
merely as uniformed Chinese.
The Yenan radio, the Emancipa-
tion Daily, and the New China News
Agency-all of them official organs
of the Chinese Communists-joined
today, however, in. admitting Com-
munist responsibility.
* *
Lie ut. Cowin
Killed in China

Rev. and Mrs. Cowin of Ann Ar-
bor, were yesterday informed by the
War Department that their son
Lieutenant Douglas A. Cowin was one
of the four marines killed near Pei-
ping, China.
Rev. Cowin in addition to his min-
isterial work, has been custodian and
guide for many years at Alumni Me-
morial Hall.
The marines, who were in a truck
convoy, were ambushed by three-
hundred Chinese, some wearing the
uniform of the Communists.,

"Heart of the Nation," the French
movie brought to Ann Arbor by the
Art Cinema League, will be shown
again at 8:30 p.m. today in the Rack-
ham amphitheatre.
Starring Jules Raimu, Michele Mor-
an, and Charles Boyer, the film por-
trays the' life of one French family
and its succeeding generations from
1870. until 1940. Concentrating prin-
cipally on the spiritual conflicts of
this French family,, the movie illus-
trates social progress and the atti-
tudes of the French people ' during
three wars.
Bicycles are evident as transpor-
tation early in the film and from
there the story continues into all as-
pects of French life. One of the sons
in this family goes into airplane
manufacture. The successive mar-
riages are portrayed, and the Mont-
marte, the Latin quarter of Paris, is
shown when members of the family
become students.
An English short subject, "The
Lives of the Gannets" directed by Ju-
lian Huxley, will be shown first.
Tickets are available in the League,.
at Wahr's, and at Ulrich's.
Engine School
Limits Students

World News at a Glance,

PUPILS EXONERA TED:
Carrothers Blames Parents,
Teachers for Student Failures

By The Associated Press
French Approve Loan ...
PARIS, Aug. 1-The French Con-
stituent Assembly by a unanimous
vote ratified tonight the $1,750,000,-
000 United States loan to France.
* * *
Social Security Bill .. .
WASHINGTON, Aug. 1-A com-
promise Social Security Bill, freez-
ing the old age insurance tax at

Chinese Peace Parley ...
NANKING, Aug. 1 - General
Marshall, special American peace
envoy to China, conferred at length
today with Gen. Chou En-Lai,
chief Communist negotiator, amid
conjecture that renewed efforts
were being made to achieve a coal-
ition government.
* * *
Disorders in Greece -e*

Parents and teachers are more to
blame for failures of high school
students than are the pupils them-
selves, George E. Carrothers, director
of the University's Bureau of Coop-
eration with Educational Institu-

ed, he said, by the failLre of parents
to visit the schools and become ac-
quainted with teachers, by their fail-
ure to supervise the study of their
children and by their unwillingness
4-.. Qf- . I- l- an -n in i. .a.o. +.

The College of Engineering is at
present considering applications for
enrollment only from former stu-
dents, Walter J. Emmons, Assistant
naman o+- +ha ¢nainparinc rknnli m

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