PAGE TWO THE MICHIGAN S DAILY FR MAY, JULY 21. 1944L TH IHGNfAI a Rv flaY.a JTT4LVJ..f1 7I 4Yd 1% SJ4g Mirjtgan taIly Fifty-Fourth Year 80 60 5o r Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications, Editorial Staff Jane Farrant Betty Ann Koffmnan Stan Wallace Hank Mantho Peg Weiss Managing Editor . . . Editorial Director * . . City Editor Sports Editor . . . Women's Editor Business Stafff Lee Amer Business Manager Telephone 23-24-1 AEFREBPENTe FOR NATIONI.L ADVERT6iaG BY National dvertising Service, Inc. College Pub*isbers Representative 42O MADISON AVE. NEW YORK. N.Y. ctcmeno sosTON ."LoS ArmiuSt S FRAvNcisco "5-'vfr PUBLIC OPP f( POL 014 V ( )RS'2A 20 IAI THE PENDULUM: America By BERNARD ROSENBERG HENRY David Thoreau was, ethic- ally, the personification of all that may be called most exalted and noble in American thought. He ranks with those independent spirits who, like Tom Paine and Walt Whit- man, transcend their times. But to say that is not to -say all. For, the truths the Sage of Concord first enunciated, if too often disre- garded by his countrymen, continue even now to repercuss all, the way from the literary salons of New Eng- land to Moscow and New Delhi. His influence has been tremendous., Thoreau's stubborn refusal to kow tow before authority, his maintenance of a well-nigh abso- lute moral integrity were embodied in the man and in his writings, particularly "Civil Disobedience." The implementation of that essay which Mahatma Gandhi read and formulated into "passive resist- ance" symbolizes the weapon In- dian Nationalism has brandished ever since its birth. tional motif of four hundred million exploited souls, and its incandescent glow is unmistakably Thoreauesque. Little wonder James Mackaye's excellent compilation of Thoreau's works is sub-titled "Philosopher of Freedom" (New York, The Vanguard Press, 1930). Here is to be found the preachment of an ethic at once intensely individualistic, consonant with the irreproachable character of chief advocate, and yet one not DA I LYOU"*FF I CI wholly alien to such leviathan-like movements of collectivism as the Russian Revolution. When the final evaluation is made Thoreau will occupy no insignificant place as the representative of a de- termining force, a major intellectual antecedent of the ferment which ul- timately produced upheaval in Rus- sia. CONCIDER the nature of the So- viet Union. It is not almost as much Tolstoyan as it is Marxian? And one need but glance at "Resur- rection" to see how greatly and with what impact Thoreau influenced Tol- stoy's ever more ethereal notions of equaitarianism. The Walden "her- mit" had said that in a land where any man (such as John Brown in his day) was unjustly imprisoned, all honest men belonged in jail of their own volition. The showdown between Thoreau and a government he con- sidered tyrannous so long as it con- doned slavery came over the poll tax. This Thoreau would not pay. Oh, for a few million Thoreaus today. At any rate the man who had written "That government is best which governs least" found him- self a guest of the state in the local jail. "What are you doing in there, Henry?" queried Ralph Waldo Emerson espying his friend. "What are you doing out there?" replied the willful inmate. Thoreau was imprisoned for pur- posively refusing to pay taxes he con- sidered evil. Tolstoy, far from spirit- n Thought at Its Best Member of The Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of re- pubiication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as oecond-class mail matter. Subscriptions during the regular school year by car- rier, $4.50, by mail, $5.25 Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1943-44 NIGHT EDITOR: DOROTHY POTTS Editorials published in The Michigan Dily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. - IAL BULLETIN = -- Rising Temperoture - C***isi in ducation HIRTY-SEVEN THOUSAND emergency cer- tificates have been issued to teachers un- able to meet the present teaching requirements, low as they are in most states. Handling children at their most sensitive and impressionable ages are teachers who cannot meet these standards. Why is this great teacher shortage? Why did the total enrollment in teachers colleges in this country drop almost 50% in the last two years? Why have 50,000 teachers with- drawn from the profession annually since 1940, and why did 130,000 leave last year? The armed forces only account for 15,000 of the 117,000 who left teaching positions be- tween June and October of last year. Meagerness in teacher salaries is a good part of the reason why so many are leaving the field. Much as many of them are devoted to their profession, they were forced out by the dispro- portionately (compared with their salaries) in- creased cost of living and higher taxes. The average yearly teacher's salary was $1,100 to $1,200 before the war; the great mass of these salaries now revolve around $1,500. The University Board of Appointments gives out the information that, "Many of our young people have felt inclined to go into work other than teaching and there has been some justi- fication for it, due to their training, background, interest and aptitude." THIS IS A BLOT on the teaching profession. If teachers are justified in leaving their field because they have good trainings and apti- tudes, who will be left to train the citizens of this democracy? It is essential that citizens in a republic such as ours be taught to think, and think , constructively. Who is to do this instructing when the most competent have abandoned teaching because of higher salaries and bet- ter conditions in other professions? "If teaching-in competition. with law, medi- cine, engineering--is to attract and hold the ablest of our population, salaries must be high enough to justify the long preparation. "Our country, which must go forward if it is to hold its place of leadership among nations, cannot afford to employ any teacher who is not worth at least $2,000 a year," declared Miss Joy Elmer Morgan in February's "Educational Di- gest" The average teacher salary in 1941 was $1,500 while forty out of every hundred teach- ers received less than $1,200 and over 70,000 were paid less than $600 a year. A8 IMPORTANT in a democracy as higher salaries for its teachers is that teachers should be allowed to teach their courses unre- stricted by superintendents, or principals of schools or by statute. Many teachers are caught between their consciences and instructions from school principals as to how to present their facts and what to omit from the classroom. Only through strong, responsible unioniza- tion will teachers throughout the nations gain. the salaries necessary to attract more compe- tent people into the field and true freedom of thought and expression in the classroom. -Myra Sacks Soldier Votes GOV. THOMAS E. DEWEY, as part of his presidential campaign, has had to undertake an especially difficult task-that of alibiing for I'D RATHER BE RIGHT: Democratic Gonvention Stew By SAMUEL GRAFTON CHICAGO, ILL., July 20-There has been almost no debate among the Democratic delegates on the question of foreign policy; none of the head-holding, aspirin-taking and agonizing which went on among the Republi- cans. The Democratic party is not neurotic on this issue. I never found anybody during my week here who even mentioned foreign policy. That was in great contrast with the Republican meeting, at which a thousand delegates stood patiently outside the resolutions committee room, leaning over at a 45-degree angle and listening intently to find out what they believed. A Complete Sampling The Democratic party is plenty jumpy on other questions, and if you mention poll taxes, for example, the Democratic delegates will show you an arm-twitch as good as any. But on the matter of world collaboration, the party is united. This is important, because the Democratic party is a rather more complete cross-section of American life than the Republican; it has its own high, crusty conservative level at the top, lie the G. O. P. but it goes down further, at the bottom, into the labor movement and the poorer farms. Yet this complete cross section presents, broadside-on, a greater unity' toward the outside world than does the some- what narrower Republican party. I think that is an important fact. It seems by liberal Democrats vs. the Republicans in al- liance with reactionary poll-tax Democrats, was one topic on which everyone agreed. Everyone felt that the men fighting fascism deserved a voice in their country's government. During the fight for a Federal ballot for all servicemen many New Yorkers urged Governor Dewey to support it. He refused. When the compromise measure was passed, providing a Federal ballot for servicemen overseas who don't receive state ballots and whose states recognize Federal bale- lots, Governor Dewey was urged to validate the Federal ballot. Again he refused. Tues- day, several days after the deadline for such action, he issued his alibi: According to PM, Gov. Dewey admitted that the soldiers in New York aren't going to vote in any numbers, but said that it wasn't his fault. He charged that a "group with un- limited financial resources has been playing partisan politics with the right of New York State's fighting men to vote." He demanded that "this campaign of deceit be labelled and ' exposed." PM then offered to print the name of the organization if Dewey would identify it, but the offer was refused. In refusing the blame for the failure of the New York state soldier vote bill, called a "model law," to provide opportunity for more than 200,000 of his state's 11110,000 servicemen to vote, Governor Dewey is trying to perpetu- ate a fraud on the people of his state. Governor Dewey, as a candidate for the presidency, cannot be permitted to talk himself out of responsibility for the situation. -Kathie Sharfman to show that if you take a complete sampling of American opinion, from top to bottom, like an earth-core out of an oil well, there is a satis- fying show of harmony on world collaboration. The debate flares hot only when you take a limited sampling. The Republican convention did wear the air of being such a limited sampling, with over- representation for the political leaders of the middle class of the middle-sized towns of mid- continental America. We Can Agree In a more varied group, with massive repre- sentation for all interests, from labor up, things fall into place better, the objectors to our foreign policy dwindle to their right size; and it is a satisfying thing to know that the more complex a mixture of interests and people you have (andano mixture could be dizzier than the stew of right and left, top and bottom, in Chicago this week) the more, not the less, unity is shown on matters of foreign policy. This mad Democratic assembly, where the old plantation owner crowds into the elevator with the C: I. O., . seems to tell us that big, complex, varied America can agree on a for- eign policy. The more people who are admitted into the debate, the less quarrel there is, which goes to show that our national heterogeneity need not hold us back in the field of foreign s policy. It was the tight, unified, all-of-a- piece Republican meeting which broke into anger on this question. And what a stew of different kinds and sorts of people this meeting has been! It may be a small point, but the press was enchanted by the fact that the resolutions committee held open, and not private meetings, as did the G. O.4 P. Everybody in the world showed up in the North Ballroom of the Stevens to push favorite planks for the platform. One gentleman came from New York to argue against the use of the flag in commercial advertisements, and some- body else wanted a national lottery. This sort of testimony was sandwiched in between ap- peals by the National Association of Manufac- turers and the American Farm Bureau Federa- tion. Something Like a Bus Station Anybody who could walk to the stand under his own power got his two or five minutes, while the bigwigs of the party and the urchins of Chicago milled about. One row of solemn. small girls, aged five, sat there on gilt chairs most of one day, drinking it in, and Ed. O'Neal attacked food subsidies while babies were being nursed in the same room on what was un- doubtedly subsidized milk. It looked as unplanned: and impromptu a4 a gathering on the loading platform of a bus station; wonderfully mixed up, and real as apples. The Republicans did it behind closed doors, and it.sometimes seemed to reporters on the death watch in the corridor that the G. O. P. had perhaps too much faith in the theory that, by turning a key, you could keep the world outside, and in its place. (Copyright. 1944, New York Post Syndicate) FRIDAY, JULY 21, 1944 VOL. LIV No. 13-S All notices for The Daily Official Bul- letin are to be sent to the Office of the Summer Session, in typewritten form b 3:30 p. in. of the day preceding Its publication, except on Saturday when the notices should be submitted by :30 a. m. Notices Students, College of Literature, Science and the Arts: Election cards filed after the end of the first week of the semester may be accepted by the Registrar's Office only if they are approved by Assistant Dean E. A. Walter. Students who fail to file their election blanks by the close of the third week, even though they have registered and haveattended classes unofficially, will forfeit their privilege of continuing in the Colloge. Candidates for the Teacher's Cer- tificate for August and October: Please call at the office of the School of Education, 1437 University Ele- mentary School, on Wednesdayor Thursday, July 26 and 27, between 1:30 andy4:30 to take the Teacher's Oath. This is a requirement for the certificate. To all male students in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts: By action of the Board of Regents, all male students in residence in this College must elect Physical Educa- tion for Men. This action has been effective since June, 1943, and will continue for the duration of the war. Students may be excused from taking the course by (1) The Uni- versity Health Service, (2) The Dean of the College or by his representa- tive,: (3) The Director of Physical Education and Athletics. Petitions for exemption by stu- dents in this College should be ad- dressed by freshmen to Professor Arthur Van Duren, Chairman of the Academic Counsellors (108 Mason Hall); by all other students to Assis- tant Dean E. A. Walter (1220 Angell Hall.) Except under very extraordinary circumstances no petitions will be considered after the enoI of the third week of the Fall Term. The Administrative Board of the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts School of Education Students: Courses dropped after Saturday, July 22, will be recorded with the grade of E except under extraordinary circum- stances. No course is considered of- ficially dropped unless it has been reported in the Office of the Regis- trar, Rm. 4, University Hall. Mr. Brady from the Eastman Ko- dak Company, Rochester, N.Y., will be in the office Tuesday, July 25, to interview women with one or more years of Chemistry or Physics; Me- chanical Engineers, Chemical Engi- neers. Make appointments at the Bureau, 201 Mason Hall, or call Extension 371. University Bureau of Appointments and Occupational Information School of Education: Changes of Elections in the Summer Term: No course may be elected for credit after Saturday, July 22. Students must report all changes of elections at the Registrar's Office, Rm. 4, University Hall. Membership in a class does not cease nor begin until all changes have been thus officially registered. Ar- rangements made with the instruc- tors are not official changes. The Alabama State Personnel De- partment announces an unassembled competitive examination for Health Education Supervisor, in the State Department of Education. Salary $275-$325 Monthly. For further de- tails stop in at 201 Mason Hall. Bureau of Appointments. Announcements from The Moose- heart Laboratory for Child Research, Mooseheart, Ill. for Vocational Guid- ance Counsellor, $2,400 per year, As- sistant Clinical Psychologist, $1,800, Research Assistant in Child Develop- ment, $1,800, and Summer Assistant in Psychology, Education or Child Development, have been received in our office. For complete details stop in at 201 Mason Hall. Bureau of Appointments. Mail is being held at the business office of the University for the fol- lowing people: Marge Aaronson, Amy Allen, Barbara Berry, Dr. O. W. Brandhorst, Gene Clark, Alfred Da- lynko, G. Raymond Dougherty, Nor- man K. Flint, Mrs. Emily Gelperin, Theodore E. Heger, Lyla M. Hunter, Innes Johnson, Mrs. Georgia Kipg R. G. Kimmel, Mrs. C. A. Macomic, Mary Jane McLean, Mrs. H. Earl Riggs, Rosemary Smith, Marie Wane- man. Medical Students: The University Automobile Regulation will be lifted for Medical students at 12 Noon, Saturday, July 22; and will become effective again at 8 a.m. on July 31. Registration: Students who took registration blanks are reminded that these blanks are due back in our office one week after the date they were taken. They should be returned to the office of the University Bureau of Appointments and Occupational Information, 201 Mason Hall. University Bureau of Appointments and Occupational Information Lectures For Students in Business Education: Clyde Blanchard, editor of The Bus- iness Education World, will discuss trends and developments in business education in Rm. 2015 UHS, at 1 o'clock on Friday, July 21. All per- sons interested in business education are invited to attend the meeting.. J. M. Trytten Tuesday, July 25: Professor Preston W. Slosson, Department of History, will present his weekly lecture "In- terpreting the News" at 4:10 p.m.,- Rackham Amphitheatre. The public is cordially invited. Wednesday, July 26: Dr. Jose Per- domo of Colombia will lecture in Spanish on "Colombia-Donde Em- pieza Sur America" at 8 p.m., Kellog Auditorium. Open to the general public without charge. ualising the idea of communion with the oppressed, although mysticism was his wont in this phase, applied it in a practical way. Conceiving serfdom, then prevalent in Czarist Russia, to be wrong, he renounced the ownership of his vast estate, and after distributing what he could of it-acre by acre and over the pro- tests of his wife, he joined the peas- ants in the field. All of that followed naturally, even inexorably from an honesty to oneself which meant everything to men for whym "life without princi- ple" was not life at all. Nor did the matter end with mere lip service to "principle", abstract, illusory, indefinable. Said Thoreau, "Action from principle, the percep- tion and performance of right, changes things and relations; it is essentially revolutionary, and does not consist wholly with anything which was. It not only divides states and churches, it divides families; ay, it divides the individual, separating the diabolical in him from the di- vine." Leonard Ehrlich used the above quotation as basic to his novel about John Brown, "God's Angry Man." It is the summation of nonconformist philosophy. To seek out truth, and to live accordingly indicates the most sublime height attainable in the realm of ethics. It seems to me that Thoreau stands almost alone among his contempor- aries and his successors in America as far as adherence to such a credo is concerned. It is a tribute to Am- erica that it produced such a man; it is a mockery of America that it ignores him. ZL0fiI/e 66bi0 Russian Statistics ... IN Professor Andre Lobanov's re- cent lecture on "Russia and the War" he read statistics to prove the drastic losses in territory, popula- tion, and productive capacity suffer- ed by Russia after the Versailles set- tlernient and -presumably-after the Polish-Russian War of 1919-21. Ac- cording to his figures Russia lost some 26 per cent of her total popula- tion, a somewhat higher percentage of her manufacturing industries, 73 per cent of her iron, and 75 per cent of her coal fields. I might add that The Encyclopedia Britannica (1911) states that the basin of the Donets produced 61.5 per cent of all Rus- sia's pig-iron and something over 70 per cent of all Russia's coal. Actually, Professor Lobanov's figures appear to be based on the ruthless German-dictated Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March, 1918, which ceded the Ukraine and the Donets basin. In Vernadsky's "A History of Russia" (revised edition, 1930) a part of the terms of the Brest-Litovsk treaty are given as follows: "Russia lost 26 per cent of her total population . .. 26 per cent of her arable land; 33 per cent of her manufacturing industries; 73 per cent of her iron industries; 75 per cent of her coal fields." Similar figures appear in "The En- cyclopedia Americana," vol. 28. The most serious of these losseswere of course voided when the Western Allies defeated Germany late in 1918 and when the Brest-Litovsk treaty was annulled in the Armis- tice conditions. I would add that Professor Loban- ov's superficially impressive case for Russia's present claims against Pol- and ought to be tested by such an article as W. H. Chamberlin's "Does Stalin Want an Eastern Munich?" (American Mercury, March, 1944). Russia, Chamberlin points out, may well impose her terms on prostrate Poland. But he goes on to say that that is no reason why Americans should cheerfully and ignorantly ap- prove Russia's seizure of 40 per cent of pre-1939 Poland. -Carlton F. Wells Russian Literature" at 4:10 p.m., Rackham Amphitheatre. Academic Notices Visual Education Class and All Students Enrolled in the School of Education: Film topics for today and tomorrow are as follows: Friday, July 21, 2-3: American Spoken Here, Lady or the Tiger, Man Who Changed the World. 3-4: Tell Tale Heart (2 reel), A Way in the Wilderness. Make-up examinations in History will be given on Friday, July 28, from 3-5 in Rm. C, Haven Hall. All stu- dents wishing to take such an exami- nation should consult with their ex- aminers by Monday, July 24. Concerts Carillon Recital: Percival Price, I BANABY1 By Crockett Johnson Mustering a crew for our Yes. I persuaded Gus to try, Merely a second-degree burn. How will you get the boat? ...