r I II w it431W :4% 4tt Weather Partly Cloudy w -1- VOL. LIV No. 12-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN THURSDAY, JULY 20, 1944 PRICE FIVE CENTS TOJO'S C BI ET RESIG S I J P SH _., Breach Doubled in Enemy s Eastern Normandy Line CV}_ Byrnes Pushed Out Of Race by Roosevelt' Wallace Refuses To Withdraw from Fight Despite Advice of Party Leaders By The Associated Press CHICAGO, July 19-Democrats whooped into their first wartime con- vention in 80 years tonight while President Roosevelt thumbed war mobi- lizer James F. Byrnes out of a torrid vice presidential tussle and party leaders tried-and failed-to wave out Henry A. Wallace too. "I am in this fight to the finish," Wallace declared. But politicos from the metropolitan organizations set up as their goal a first ballot nomination of Senator Harry Truman of Missouri for second place on the 1944 slate. And party leaders were reported turning on the heat to get Wallace to withdraw, as Byrnes had done earlier in the day. Mr. Roosevelt, refereeing the squabble over a running mate from afar, gave a measure of substance to a Truman drive by listing him, behind Wallace, as acceptable for the vice-presidency. The vice president had been in a long huddle with labor leaders and with Attorney General Biddle and Secretary of the Interior Ickes. It was to National Chairman Robert E. Hannegan, by telephone, that Mr. Roosevelt reportedly communicated his views on the runner-up race. Word of this action raced through the convention crowd. These were the key developments as delegates swarmed out to bunting- bedecked Chicago Stadium for a prosaic first-session performance devoted mostly to organization formalities : Byrnes announced that, "In deference to the wishes" of President Roosevelt, he did not want his name placed in nomination for the vice-presidency. Operating from a long-range observation post, Mr. Roosevelt reput- edly lined up his preferences for second place on the ticket in this order: incumbent Wallace; Senator Truman, the Missourian who runs the Senate War Investigating Committee and Oregonian Douglas, the youngest man ever to sit on the United States Supreme Court bench. Evidently Wallace advocates were worried over the pace being set by the 60-year-old Missourian. They began sniping at him, recalling that he came to the senate under the sponsorship of Thomas J. Pendergast, the Kansas City boss who served a term in Leavenworth penitentiary on an income tax charge.j Anti-New Deal southerners were bent on preventing Mr. Roosevelt's renomination unanimously, and apparently they had enough strength to toss some 125 votes to Senator Harry F. Byrd of Virginia. They said he would be nominated by one of, four Florida delegates pledged to Byrd, probably former congressman Mark Wilcox. * * * o - Allied Armor Drives Inland Near Vimont Nazis Hurled From 11 French Towns By the Associated Press SHAEF, Thursday, July 20-Gen. Sir Bernard'L. Montgomery's British and Canadian forces more than doubled their breach in the Germans' eastern Normandy line Wednesday and in the second day of a roaring offensive drove their armor inland almost to Vimont, eight miles south- east of Caen on the main road to Paris. Shattering Nazi Marshal Erwin Rommel's last fixed defense line short of the Seine River 40 to 60 miles eastward, the Allied troops hurled the Germans from 11 towns and progressed well into a new phase of their break-out from the invasion beachhead. British armor supported by infan- try battled its way into the outskirts of Troarn seven miles due eastward from Caen, but in the thrust toward Vimont, 112 miles from Paris, the Nazis erected a strong screen of anti- tank guns to stem the Allied tide, Associated Press correspondent Rog- er Greene reported from the front early today. Gen. Montgomery reported steady progress in the face of the best re- The' word SHAEF used at the beginning of this story on the fighting in France is a condensed form of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, the center of operations and informa- tion on the invasion front. As an added aid to speed in reading, the abbreviation SHAEF will be used in all future stories. sistance Marshal Rommel could mus- ter with strong infantry reinforce- ments and SS armored divisions, the flower of the Nazi war machine. After an original breakthrough on a front of slightly less than three miles, launched from the wedge across the Orne River north of Caen and Vaucelles, the second day's bat- tle widened the breach to six miles. Many hundreds of prisoners were being taken, and one Canadian unit reported capturing so many Nazis that its progress was delayed, cor- respondent Greene reported. Yanks Take Livorno; Poles Take Ancona ROME, July 19-(AP)-American troops, who have slashed their way 250 miles northward in Italy in just over two months, drove the Nazis out of the big port of Livorno today a few hours after Polish infantry had seized Ancona on the Adriatic coast. Capture of the two ports gave the Allies valuable supply bases for their forthcoming onslaught against the enemy's heavily-fortified Gothic line. Engineers moved in swiftly to begin reconstruction of wrecked dock fa- cilities while infantry and armor pressed on. After fighting desperately for days on the hilly approaches to Livorno, the Nazis pulled out hurriedly last night after an American flanking column had driven to Pontedera on the south bank of the Arno river be- tween Pisa and Florence. No attempt was made to defend the city street by street. MUNITIONS BLAST WRECKS NAVY PIER-Ruins of the navy pier, under construction, show the terri- fic farce of the blast when two munitions ships exploded at Port Chicago, Calif. The scene is made from the approximate location of the ships, looking toward Port Chicago. Democrats Are Hailed by Kerr By the Associated Press CHICAGO, July 19.-Gev. Robert S. Kerr-of Oklahoma hailed the party of Franklin Roosevelt tonight as the party of achievement and of power, and stormily assailed the Republi- cans and their youthful standard- bearer Thomas E. Dewey as untried and untested, broken by disunity, having "no program excelt to op- pose." Kerr Clarifies Stand The world, Kerr said, has a right to ask "where we stand." He de- clared: "Our aim is complete and speedy Victory. "Our goal is a just and abiding peace. "Our promise to a world of peace is responsibility and cooperation." "Our pledge to America at peace is a government responsible to the needs and hopes of every citizen, even the humblest; a government which will not shirk or fail, but will fulfill with gratitude and fidelity, our sacred obligation to our return- ing servicemen and women." Says Willkie Was Snubbed The G.O.P. convention, Kerr asser- ted, "snubbed and sidetracked Wen- dell Willkie," and thus "the last ves- tige of liberal leadership of the Re- publican party was buried under an avalanche of reactionary sentiment from which it cannot soon emerge." Dewey, he said, received a mantle from former President Herbert Hoo- ver. America, he said, will see "that the mantle has become a shroud." 'Learned Ladies' To Be Presented Today The second performance of "The Learned Ladies," a witty satire by the French playwright, Moliere, will be presented by the Michigan Repertory Players of the Department of Speech at 8:30 p. m. today "in the Lydia T 1 ...-.-1,.- 1rr,.- m. Russians Cross German-Soviet 1941 Frontier By the Associated Press LONDON, July 20, Thursday-Rus- sian troops smashed ten miles across the 1941 German-Soviet frontier on the Bug River north of by-passed Lwow yesterday, and for the first time in three years of war were attacking on soil which Germany seized in the conquest of Poland. Opening a new offensive along the north Latvian border the Russians also hurled back the enemy 25 miles on a 43-mile front in two days, Muscow announced last night. The Bug River, from which the Cermans attacked Russia June 22, was crossed on nearly a 16-mile front north and south of Sokal above the imperiled German stronghold of Lwow, a communique recorded by the Soviet monitor said. It came three yearsrand 28 days after Hitler's legions broke the Ger- man-Russian non-aggression pact by attacking the Soviet Union. Lwow, one of the largest rail junc- tions in Europe and fortress city guarding the open plains leading into German Silesia, is now only eight miles from the advancing Red forces. Seven powerful Russian armies now were hitting the reeling Germans on a 700-mile front in the greatest combined attack ever launched in the east. Kleshcheli, a junction of the Brest Litovsk-Bialystok and Warsaw-Bar- anovichi lines, was captured. Tomorrow To Mark Campus 'Tag Day' Drive Contributions Will Be Solicited by Campers Every citizen of Ann Arbor will have an opportunity to help under- privileged children spend a month at the University of Michigan Fresh Air Camp for Boys' on the Camp's 'Tag Day' tomorrow. Campers, age nine to 13, will be brought from the camp on Patterson Lake near Pinckney, to solicityrcon- tributions at their stations in town and on the University campus. In previous drives University students solicited. The Fresh Air Camp is supported by social agencies, by gifts of patrons and by such contributions as those received on 'Tag Day,' Prof. F. N. Menefee said. Tomorrow's solicita- tion is expected to add $1,000 or $1,200 to the fund, he added. The camp, which has been in exis- tence for 24 years, is designed pri- marily to give underprivileged boys from the city streets the opportunity to play together, acquire camping skills, make new friends and to enjoy themselves. It also serves as a train- ing project for University students in sociology, education and psychology so that they may study the behavior of boys first hand. Settlements Bank Doomed BRETTON WOODS, N.H., July 19 -(AP)-The death knell of the Bank of International Settlements was sounded at the United States Mone- tary Conference today through com- mittee approval of a resolution aimed at liquidating the institution. This proposal, introduced by the Norwegian delegation and supported by the United States, would make it mandatory that any nation belonging to the International Monetary Fund and.the Bank for Reconstruction and Development must take "steps to fos- ter the liquidation" of the institution. The Norwegians charged that the bank is dominated by the Nazis, through control of the Board of Directors. The "GI Bill of Rights" became ef- fective Wednesday with the Univer- sity authorized to accept qualified veterans of the present war as stu-1 dents subsidized by the government. Major qualifications for accept- ance into the new national program have been listed by the Veterans Service Board of the University and applications may be turned in im- mediately. Applications Through 'U' Veterans may apply either through the University or through the Dear- born division of the Veterans Admin- istration, Clark Tibbitts, director of the Veterans Service Board, said, but if possible applications should go throughthe University first. To be eligible for one year of education or a lesser period re- quired to complete a course vet- erans must have served 90 days or more after Sept. 16, 1940, in other than an ASTP or NCTP which was a continuation of his own civilian college program. If the applicant is more than 26 years old he may be accepted only if his civilian education was interrupt- ed or if he needs a refresher course. Veterans discharged for service-in- curred disability are eligible, but those dishonorably discharged will not be accepted. Service and Training Periods Equal Eligibility for benefits of the gov- ernment program continue for a period equal to the time in service if the first year was not a refresher course and if the first year was com- pleted satisfactorily. The maximum amount of training is four years. Training must begin within two years after discharge and must be completed within seven years after the end of the war. Veterans may elect to attend all institutions on state lists and oth- ers which may be added by the ad- ministrator. Elementary schools, high schools, colleges, industrial schools and graduate schools are among those included under the program. Veterans may elect any course and are allowed to change their course, but will be required to discontinue if work is unsatisfactory. G.I. BILL OF RIGHTS: Veterans To Be Sent To U'WBy Government Students will be paid $50 per month and $75 if there are dependents with lesser sums provided in case of part- time attendance. In case of dis- ability, veterans may elect to re- ceive training either under previous special legislation or under the "GI Bill." Supplies such as books will be released to accepted students. j The government will reimburse the institution for tuition and reasonable fees not to exceed $500 per ordinary school year, but there will be no pay to the institution for board, lodging and travel. Weekly Outdoor Dances Planned Billy Layton and his orchestra will play at outdoor dances to be held Friday nights at Palmer Field for the rest of the Summer Session. Outdoor dances are an innova- tion at Michigan although at- tempts have been made previous- ly to conduct them, Layton said. The Bomber Scholarship com- mittee will be in charge of the refreshment concession at which dancers may purchase cokes and other soda pop. The-Union and League are also cooperating to make the outdoor dances a success. The regular Saturday night dances at the Union will continue as usual. 3,000..Yank Planes Make 36 Hour*Raid KE-UP Total Change In Personnel Is Reported New Group To Be Named by Hirohito By the Associated Press The government of Gen. Hidei rojo resigned collectively as part of Japan's drastic overhauling of her political and military commands in the face of mountain disaster, Tokyo announced Wednesday night, and Emperor Hirohito ordered Marquis Koichi Kido, home affairs minister, into an audience with a view to forming a new cabinet. Kido was summoned Monday, the same day Premier Tojo's cabinet ten- dered its resignation, a Domei dis- patch said. Tojo, who led Japan into war against the United States less than two months after his cabinet was formed in October, 1941, had been considered his nation's supreme war lord. Move Follows First Removal Following a switch in the Japanese naval command announced Monday, he was himself removed as chief of the army general staff on Tuesday and subsequently presented his resig- nation as premier and minister of war, along with the resignations of his lesser colleagues, to the emperor. A statement by the Japanese Board of Information said, "We anticipate with great anxiety the appearance of a new, strong cabinet at this time." The text of the official announce- ment: "Since the outbreak of the greater East Asia war the government has been cooperating closely with the imperial headquarters as one unit and exerted every possible effort for the prosecution of the war. 'Strengthened Personnel' Asked "At present, in the face of a grave situation, realizing the necessity of a strengthened personnel in time of urgency for the prosecution of the war, it has been decided to streng- then the cabinet by a wider selection of the personnel. "By utilizing all means available the present cabinet was not able to achieve its objective; here, then, the government has finally decided to renovate its personnel in order to con- tinue to prosecute the war totally and, having recognized the fact that it was most appropriate to carry out a total resignation of the cabinet, Premier Tojo gathered together the resignations of each member of the cabinet and presented them to the Emperor on July 18 at 11:40 a. m. (Japanese time) when he was re- ceived in audience. Jdap Defenses at Guam Shelled U. S. PACIFIC FLEET HEAD- QUARTERS, PEARL HARBOR, July 19.-(P)-Big guns of American bat- tleships and carrier planes again shelled Japanese defenses at Guam Island in the Marianas Monday and Tuesday while carrier aircraft added hundreds of tons of bombs and rock- ets. Nearby Rota Island also was smashed. (The weight of the bombardments might be the final prelude to an actual landing on the former U.S. Western Pacific base, an Associated Press Washington dispatch said.) Meanwhile in Washington it was announced that American subma- rines, credited by Navy Secretary Forrestal with "knocking the props from under Japan's conquest," have sent another 14 enemy vessels plun- ging to the bottom. Petitions Due Today For Union Office Men desiring to be candidates in the Union's vice presidential election must turn in a notice of intention to run for office to the Union Student office by 3 p. m. today. Elections will be held tomorrow with polls open from 9 a. m. to 2 p. m. Three vice presidents will be elected, one from the law school, one from the engineering and architec- By the Associated Press * CALLS SOVIET PARTICIPATION ENCOURAGING: Watkins Discusses Russian Monetary Policy LONDON, July 19.-Climaxing 36 hours of the most terrible air assault in history, American fleets totaling 3,000 planes converged on Germany today from Britain and Italy and brought the attack to a crushing crescendo at. Munich, shrine of Naz- ism, where theynconcentrated their assault on chemical and aircraft factories. The American planes dropped 5,000 tons of explosives on numerous tar- gets in the Reich in this second straight day of coordinated blows against Germany by the U.S. Eighth and 15th Air Forces, and brought to about 19,000 tons the total bomb weight loosed against the continent since dawn Tuesday-more than half of it on the German homeland. Some 1,700 Liberators and For- tresses roared from the north and south against Germany, accompanied S ahn+iit 1 300 fiahtev 'Thev am. n v By MYRA SACKS "Russian participation in the plans to rebuild world trade along liberal lines gives sound grounds for opti- mism for future trade and financial a ..... F T - A __.t m ai: ~ with the proposed international bank which is designed to supply long- term reconstruction credits in cer- tain cases, and which is still the subject of discussion. "The international fund has two trade position without having re- course to exchange control and other forms of trade restriction which were so widely employed in the 1930 era. "Naturally the size of the quota gard to her own situation, sought a larger quota for reasons of prestige and larger borrowing power, and, at the same time, urged a smaller con- tribution on the part of war-devas- tated areas. "She nhiAMted al oit furnishing