PAGE TWO
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Fifty-Fourth Year
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Edited and mniaed by students of the Un
of Michigan under the authority of the Board In
of Studest Piulilleaons.
Editorial Staff
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Betty Ann Koffman
Stan Wallace
Hank Mantho
Fed Weiss
Lee Amer
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Business Staff
By BERNARD ROSENBERG
HAVE GIVEN sober thought to
Professor Slosson's letter. He ob-
jected, you will remember, to the
view expressed in this column con-,
cerning the parlous state of Ameri-
can letters.
That letter, cogent as it was in
many respects, contained no de-
nial of "the cynicism very deeply
imbedded in America" but it did
suggest that the first step in fight-
ing cynicism "is not to be cynics
ourselves." Granted. The question
then becomes: how best do we
prevent ourselves from becoming
cynics? I cannot subscribe to the
theory that cheerful indomitable
souls win all the battles or that
cheerful indomitable artists are
the most useful,
Aristotle asked himself in "The
Poetics" why it was that civilized
man enjoyed seeing tragedies per-
formed on the stage. How could
he take pleasure in viewing the thea-
trical presentation and amplification
of his own woes. Did he not suffer
enough in real life? This phenom-
enon could be observed not only in
the Periclean Age but in the Eliza-
bethan Era and in our own times
as well. Are we sadists that we revel
in the portrayal of some one else's
doom?
No, said Artistotle, what happens
is that through the depiction of tra-
gedy we, in some measure, purge
our own lives of it. In this way, Ar-
istotle, evolved the psychological
principle of "catharsis"-the purga-
tion of pity and fear by means of
experiencing these emotions in the
u , THE PENDU LUM:
No Time for Happiness
Fl*%
theater. This doctrine profoundly
impressed Sigmund Freud, and it be-
came the cornerstone of psycho-
analysis.
IT IS ALSO THE KEY to this
question. For the greatest reality
in the world today is tragedy. Who
can say nay to that statement? Out
of this tragic chaos there may come
a better world community. Who
knows? Maybe all of us will be
beautiful people after the millenium.
But right now we are brutes fighting
other brutes in a cess-pool of blood.
War reduces everyone engaged in it
to a common brutishness. It means
the temporary suspension of human-
ity.
We have had to fight; we do not
like or want to fight; the masses
of mankind would rather have
peace. But fight we must--and
this is a tragedy of such staggering
proportions that none dare calcu-
late it. Whatever else exists in
the universe, tragedy and an ac-
companying cynicism are here. My
complaint against current litera-
ture is that because it sidesteps
these realities (going A. J. Cro-
nin-wise into a citadel of sweet-
ness and light) it prevents us
from curing ourselves of their in-
evitable effects.
Prof. Slosson says, "Heroism
abounds, too." Yes, but of what
sort? Walter Lippman's new book
"U. S. War Aims" presents the inter-
esting thesis that we have engaged
in two wars with Germany over a
span of twenty-five years for the
reason that in each case our Atlantic
seaboard was threatened. What, did
Business M
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otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights
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Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michi
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NIGHT EDITOR: DORIS PETERSO
Editorials published in The Michigan I
are written by members of The Daily s
and represent the views of the writers o
R' *"
td4j
GettingCloser to theNest
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
Willkie-An Enigma
NOW THAT THE REPUBLICANS have gone
through the formality of naming Dewey as
their candidate and President Roosevelt has
officially announced that he will allow himself
to be drafted by the American people, the
political stewpot is ready to boil.
There are only a few problems remaining to
confound the student of American politics,
one is choice of a Democratic vice presidential
nomninee and another revolves around the
curly head of Indiana's Wendell Willkie, the
forgotten man of 1944. As to the first, it is
relatively a cut-and-dried issue. Although
there has been some talk of boosting Willkie
for the vice presidency when the Democrats
convene in Chicago, it is understood that
Roosevelt favors the incumbent, Wallace, and
it is inconceivable that the party would turn
against the wishes of its leader.
But Willkie remains something of an enigma.
The same man who skyrocketed to prominence in
1940 only to fizzle and fade out when the chips
were down today finds himself turned out by his
adopted party, the Republicans, and scorned
by his former bed-fellows, the Democrats.
IN SPITE OF THE RELATIVE IGNOMINY of
his position, Willkie remains a forceful fig-
ure in the national spotlight. A large number
of Americans still look to him as a leader while
columns are devoted to speculation on his future
actions.
The Republicans would like to have him
around because of the votes he controls; the
Democrats would welcome his allegiance for
the same reason. Some want him to - start a
third party, comprising the more liberal ele-
ments of the GOP and the anti-Roosevelt
Democrats. Others think he would make a
fine vice-presidential nominee on Roosevelt's
ticket. But despite a wide divergence of
views, there is one thing they all have
in common: Seemingly, the whole nation
wants him to do something, to take some
stand with one of the parties or to declare
his independence.
Did it ever occur to these observers that Will-
kie might decide 'to remain just where he is
as a sort of free lance crusader, sniping at the
evils of both parties but making no active
move to secure the defeat of either one? It is a
possibility, and one which gains more favor
as the days go by and the great enigma makes
no move toward either party affiliation or active
opposition.
-Bill Mullendore
I"D RATHER BE RIGHT:
Nazi Morale
By SAMUEL GRAFTON
NEW YORK, July 14-What is "morale"? Did
the many hundreds of Japanese who hope-
lessly attacked fixed American positions on Sai-
pan, and who let themselves be blown to bits,
have "morale"?
According to the only definition which is
psychologically sound, morale is confidence in
one's ability to solve his problems.
It's Impressive, But Is It Morale?
And, by that definition, the Saipan Japanese
did not have "morale." They had other quali-
ties. They had courage. They had fanaticism.
But they did not have morale; for if they had
had morale, they would have had confidence,
and they would not have launched that final,
crazy, suicidal charge. They would have re-
mained in their own positions, and fought it out
to the last bullet, confident that they could win.
But the Saipan Japanese were confident that
they could not win.
It is by this test that we must approach the
questiop of the present state of German morale.
MORALE IS CONFIDENCE, an individual's, an
army's or a nation's, confidence that all
pressing problems can be solved. Morale is the
knowledge, deep inside a man's heart, that there
still remains a way out of his predicament,
that he can still see daylight. Morale has lit-
tle to do with bravery, or, even, with character.,
A coward may have good morale, if he believes
that his leaders are good and wise leaders, and
are capable of solving his problems; whereas aj
brave man may be without morale if he be-
lieves that there is no solution to his problems.
The behavior of the two will be affected accord-
ingly, and the confident coward may sometimes
even be a more useful soldier than the hope-
less brave man.
Morale is Confidence
The question is not whether the Germans
are still fond of Hitler, nor whether they are
still resolved to fight to the last man, but
whether they still believe they can solve their
problems. If they have lost that belief, they
have lost their morale, in the only meaningful
sense of the term; and, sooner or later, their
actions will show it.
They may, and indeed will, still fight brave-
ly, but without that high style, that indescrib-
able dash, that bold and imaginative grasp
of the problem in hand, which is possible
only to those who are confident of success.
Their judgment will be subtly affected, subtly
distorted, because their actions will be moti-
vated by irrelevancies, such as pride, and
desperation, instead of being guided by hope
and confidence.
They will begin to do strange things; indeed,
they have already begun to do strange things,
such as leaving their garrison at Cherbourgi
to be virtually annihilated, rather than with-
drawing it, coolly and knowledgeably, to fight
again another day.
A skilful, confident retreat would have shown
a higher morale than did the bitter bravery
of the hopeless last stand. So, always, we come
back to the same point: morale is hope, and
oetter to t/2e &dtor
A Hisser at Heart...
W ELL GRACIOUS SAKES! Perry Logan, you
Republican, you! I must have seen the
same movie and heard the same hissing that
you heard. But, it didn't upset my old Irish
blood and it didn't make me ashamed of my
fellow men. In fact, it left me with a warm
sense of at-one-ness with the universe. It re-
minded me that one can still hiss whom he
pleases and object to something he doesn't like.
If it is immaturity, many people as old
as you and I together are guilty. I would call
it an indication of the "nuts-to-you" spirit
that lurks, usually unseen, in us all, with
perhaps one Logan exception.
My dear friend, in your quiet retreat haven't
you come across something that impressed you
unfavorably? Isn't there something that just
drives you wild? If not, isn't there something
that annoys you a little, or some one who
bothers you the least bit? If and when such a
condition appears, do you go to your little
room, pull the shades, lock the door, and then
say, "Well, fudge to you, old thing."? That's
the spirit, Logan. Keep up the good work.
Don't let immaturity get the better of you.
Fight it, sir (or miss, or madam), fight it.'
Did you hear the speech made by Mrs.
Luce? Did you approve? Shame on you. I
imagine even the Republicans have been sorely
tempted to give that lady a great big BOO.
I doubt that Mrs. Luce was paddled enough
when she was a child. I hiss that honorable
lady only because I am unable to do anything
else.
Do you also consider, dear Logan, that the
rowdy Democrats have a corner on the hissing
market? Double shame on you. Shall we keep
count and match totals after the Democrat con-
vention?
You understand, of course, that I am writing
this only because a Democrat is threatening
to punch me in the nose.
Sssssssssssssss to you, Logan.
-Mathiel Brice
there are no substitutes for it, not bravery,
not fanaticism, not even pride.
Shut the Doors, One by One
If we can close the doors of hope, we can
destroy German morale, in spite of the tales
of naive or interested travelers concerning the
special ruggedness of the German character,
or the depth of German fondness for Hitler.
The Normandy invasion banged shut one door
of hope; German morale will never recover
from that blow. If we press on, to further
landings, to further demonstrations of politi.-
cal unity among the allies, such as Peter's
rapprochement with Tito, we can close more.
doors of hope.
It is not necessary to prove anything about
Hitler to the Germans except that he cannot
solve their problems. It can be done, syste-
matically and scientifically. It is not a mystical
operation.
(Copyright, 1944, New York Post Syndicate)
SATURDAY, JULY 15, 1944
VOL. LIV No. 9-S
All notices for The Daily Official Bul-
letin are to be sent to the Office of the
Summer Session, in typewritten form
by 3:30 p. m. of the day preceding its
publication, except on Saturday when
the notices should be submitted by
11:;30 a. in.
Notices
To Those Who are Saving Dailies
for the men in service: Please con-
tinue sending them to Ruth B. Bu-
chanan at the University Museum.
College of Literature, Science, and
the Arts, Schools of Education, For-
estry, Music and Public Health: Stu-
dents who received marks of I or X
at the close of their last semester or
summer session of attendance will
receive a grade of E in the course or
courses unless this work is made up
by Aug. 3. Students wishing an ex-
tension of time beyond this date in
order to make up this work should
file a petition addressed to the appro-
priate official in their school with
Rm. 4, U.H., where it will be trans-
mitted.
Robert L. Williams
Assistant Registrar
Students, College of Literature,
Science and the Arts: Election cards
filed after the end of the first week
of the semester may be accepted
by the Registrar's Office only if
they are approved by Assistant
Dean E. A. Walter. Students who
fail to file their election blanks
by the close of the third week, even
though they have registered and
have attended classes unofficially,
will forfeit their privilege of con-
tinuing in the College.
To all Male Students in the College
of Literature, Science and the Arts:
By action of the Board of Regents,
all male students in residence in this
College must elect Physical Educa-
tion for Men. This action has been
effective since June, 1943, and will
continue for the duration of the war.
Students may be excused from
taking the course by (1) The Uni-
versity Health Service, (2) The Dean
of the College or by his representa-
tive, (3) The Director of Physical
Education and Athletics.
Petitions for exemption by stu-
dents in this College should be ad-
dressed by freshmen to Professor
Arthur Van Duren, Chairmanrof the
Academic Counselors (108 Mason
Hall); by all other students to Assis-.
tant Dean E. A. Walter (1220 Angell
Hall.)
Except under very extraordinary
circumstances no petitions will be
considered after the end of the third
week of the Summer Term.'
The Administrative Board of
the College of Literature,'
*Science, and the Arts.
University of Michigan Men's Glee
Club: Important rehearsal Monday,
7 to 9 p.m. Third floor of Michigan
Union, in preparation for public ap-
pearance to be announced. All men
on campus and all servicemen are
cordially invited.
David Mattern
Registration for the Hospital Vol-
unteer Service: You may still sign up
in the Michigan League Lobby today,
2 to 5 p.m.
Golf and Tennis Tournaments:
There has been an extension of time
for signing up for Golf and Tennis
tournaments. The sheets for entries
will be posted in Barbour Gymnasium
and the Women's Athletic Building
until Wednesday, July 19th.
Dept. of Phys. Educ. for Women
Students, Summer Session, College
of Literature, Science and the Arts:
No courses may be elected for credit
after today. E. A. Walter
There will be interviewing' for Judi-
ciary Aides, central committee for
Soph Project, and central committee
for Surgical Dressings from 4:30 p.m.
until 6 p.m. Monday and Tuesday in
the Undergraduate Office. Sign up
for interviews in the Undergraduate
Office.
Lectures
Monday, July 17. Dr. Haven Emer-
son, Nonresident Lecturer in Public
Health Administration in the School
of Public Health and Professor Em-
eritus of Public Health at Columbia
University, will speak to public
health students and other interested
individuals from 4:00 to 5:00 o'clock,
in the School of Public Health Audi-
torium. The title of Dr. Emerson's
address will be "Civilian Health
Needs in Wartime".
Henry F. Vaughan, Dean
Tuesday, July 18, Professor Preston
W. Slosson. "Interpreting the News."
4:1Q p. m., Rackham Amphitheater.
The public is cordially invited.
Wednesday, July 19. A. Lobanov,
visiting professor of Russian History
from the University of California,
will speak on "Russia and the War"
at 4:10 p. m., Rackham Amphi-
theater. The public is cordially in-
vited.
Academic Notices
School of Education Students,
Changes of Elections in the Summer
Session: No course may be elected
for credit after Saturday, July 15;
no course may be dropped without
penalty after Saturday, July 22. Any
changes of elections of students in
this school must be reported at the
Registrar's Office, Room 4, Univer-
sity Hall. Arrangements made with
the instructors are not official
changes.
Candidates for the Teacher's Cer-
tificate for August and October: A
list of candidates has been posted on
the bulletin board of the School of
Education, Rm. 1431 U.E.S. Any
prospective candidate whose name
does not appear on this list should,
someone say we fought last time to
save the world for democracy, and
we fight this time to universalize the
Four freedoms? Mr. Lippman knows
better, and says so in his keen ob-
jective way.
HE BOOK WAS PUBLISHED last
week. I have read a number of
reviews dealing with it. Malcolm
Bingay ranks Lippman's treatise
with the Federalist Papers. Some
:ritics are. mildly surprised, but none
seem to be abashed at the revelation
that our heroism is a simple reflex
response to the primeval instinct of
;elf-preservation. If we should lose
this war we lose supremacy in the
Atlantic and the center of power
would shift to Germany. This, un-
derstand, is a good reason for fight-
ing a war, but it is not the reason our
creative writers give us.
The heroism of the underground
is based upon patriotism which is
a virtue, though a mean and a pet-
ty one compared to brotherhood,
but a virtue nevertheless to be
treasured. Now see how it can be
cheapened in the movies, on the
stage, and over the air in gim-
crack displays of slopy senti-
mentalism. Scenario and scrip
writers are no better than the
average novelist feeding pap
wholesale to the American public.
The artist who sees the artificiality
of our world, who exposes it, who
clears the air, is anything but an
impediment to progress. Cynicism is
not to be uprooted by shaking one's
head and denying its existence. Evil
will not be eliminated by a million
Benets protesting the omni-presence
of good people.
This is no time for happiness.
Happiness today is a snare and a
delusion. This is a time for con-
templation and determination on
the intellectual side; for pity, com-
passion, and anger against injus-
tice on the emotional side.
In the words of Upton Sinclair,
hardly a defeatist, "Folly, weakness,
and wickedness must be explained."
Building, 2 p.m. Chairman, M. H.
Soule.
By action of the Executive Board
the Chairman may invite members
of the faculties and advanced doc-
toral candidates to attend this ex-
amination, and he may grant per-
mission to those who for sufficient
reason might wish to be present.
C. S. Yoakum
Graduate Students in Speech: A
symposium dealing with the theory
and practice of public address will be
held by the Department of Speech at
4 p.m. Monday in the West Confer-
ence Room of the Rackham Building.
Speech Assembly: Harry Clark,
CBS newscaster and announcer, will
speak at the assembly of the Depart-
ment of Speech at 3 p.m. Wednesday
in the Rackham Amphitheatre. The
public is invited.
Concerts
Student Recital: Harriet Porter,
soprano, will present a recital in par-
tial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Bachelor of Music,
at 8:30 p. m., Sunday, July 16, in the
First Methodist Church, State and
Huron Streets. She will be accon-
panied at the piano by Ruby Kuhl-
man, and at the organ by' Howard
Chase.
The public is cordially invited.
Student Recital: Paul Bunjes, or-
ganist, will present a recital in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Music, at 8:30
p.m., Wednesday, July 19, in Hill
Auditorium. Mr. Bunjes will play
compositions by Bach, Sowerby and
Vierne.
The public is cordially invited.
Exhibitions
Exhibitions, College of Architec-
ture and Design:
"Look at your Neighborhood";
circulated by Museum of Modern
Art; consisting of drawings, photo-
graphs, and plans illustrating hap-
hazard building and need for good
planning. South end of downstairs
corridor, Architecture Building.
Student work continued on dis-
play. Ground floor cases, Architec-
ture Building.
Open daily, 9 to 5, through July
30, except on Sunday. The public
is invited.
Clements Library: Association
books.
Rackham Galleries: "Labor and
Industry in the U.S.S.R." and "Col-
lective Farms in the U.S.S.R.," pho-
tographic exhibits circulated by the
National Council of American-Soviet
Friendship, New York. Open daily
except Sunday, 2-5 and 7-10 p.m.
Michigan Historical Collections, 160
Rackham Building. The Growth of
the University of Michigan in Pic-
tures.
Legal ResearcU Library: Fine buil-
dings by William C. Hollands. Lower
il
i. __, . _. ,
r4 r.
S e -
The
11
('i' ted
Pe)n
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J1
r
THE FACT IS QUITE SIMPLE but the indict-
ment that has fallen on the heads of Michi-
gan civilian students is damming,
The same urgent call that went out to civil-
ians Wednesday to pick cherries was issued
to servicemen yesterday. After two days of an
intensive campaign, 13 girls went Thursday
and 12 students picked yesterday.
After one announcement to the Army boys
1"I
BARNABY
Mom... You know the grocery
man who told us about that
By Crockett Johnson
I wonder if Ellen and the kids
have been lonery... The cottage
-
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