I!M I& 'AL - AL T"W 4tit t CIL r glwmrn 4ait W eather Continued Warm VOL. LIV No. 21-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN WEDNESDAY, AUG. 2, 1944 PRICE FIVE CENTS Reds Isolate German Armies, Encircle Warsaw Yanks Smash into Brittany in Ten Mile Advance Germans Break on Big Front Total of 7,812 Nazi Prisoners Taken' By The Associated Press SHAEF, Wednesday, Aug. 2-Surg- ing columns of American armor pointed at- the heart of France broke into Brittany at four points Tues- day, smashing ten miles from cap- tured Avanches in two directions; and infantry forces, taking over the brunt of the thunderous offensive along a wide front, bagged a one-day total of 7,812 prisoners from the broken ranks of the retreating Ger- mans. While the armor drove down the coast beyond Avranches American infantry came into its own with a powerful inland smash into the streets of Villedieu-Les Poeles andl Tessy-Sur-Vire, and along the whole inland side of the Yank breakthrough German resistance was crumbling.1 As the great offensive rolled into its ninth day, a Supreme Headquart- ers Communique said armored spear- heads captured two dams in an area1 ten miles southeast of Avranches across the Selune River, boundary of the last natural barrier before Brit- tany. A front dispatch said the ad- vance was so swift the Germans had no chance to blow up the installa- tions. The Americans also smashed across the river four and one-half and six miles southeast of Avranches, taking Pontaubault and Ducey. Fish Leads in New York Race; Clark Trailtng By The Associated Press Rep. Hamilton Fish led in his New< York district and Senator Bennett Champ Clark trailed in Missouri inl first returns from balloting in four state primary elections yesterday. I Fish, seeking the Republican re- nomination against the opposition of{ Governor Thomas E. Dewey and Wendell L. Willkie, had a two to one lead over Augustus W. Bennet in the1 count from the first 17 districts toj report. While vote counters were at work, Gov. John W. Bricker of Ohio, the Republican vice presidential candi- date,/ at a news conference in St. Louis, denounced Gerald L. K. Smith and his America First party for plac- ing Bricker's name on the America First ticket. At Springfield, Ill., Dewey brought his presidential campaign into the cornbelt today to pay homage to the first Republican chief exetutive, Ab- raham Lincoln, to take swipes at Franklin D. Roosevelt and Gerald L. K. Smith, and to assert that "our strength depends upon the Ameri- can people and upon no one man." Congress Talks Reconversion Controversy Develops As Committee Begins WASHINGTON, Aug. 1. - ()- Congress ran into a full-grown con- troversy over post-war unemploy- ment compensation, today before re- turning members were well settled in their return from the summer political recess. With all reconversion and demo- bilization legislation awaiting com- mittee action, actual sessions were listless and sparsely attended. But the lines of future debate were clearly drawn by two developments: 1. Snator George (Dem., Ga.) fin- ance committee chairman, moved to Capture of Guam from laps Near By The Associated Press PEARL HARBOR, Aug. 1-Fast moving marines, winding up a nine- day operation, have erased all organ- ized Japanese opposition in Tinian and an intense bombing of an esti- mated 10,000 Nipponese on Guam is paving the way for complete con- quest of that island. These developments in the pro- gressive American sweep over the South 'Marianas were reported to- night by Adm. Chester W. Nimitz in two communiques. The same second and fourth Ma- rine divisions which helped in the bloody investment of Saipan wound up Monday, July 31, the drive they began July 23 on the fine air base island of Tinian. Planes Spread Death On Guam, as Yank conquerors of the south half straightened their lines with advances of a half to three miles, carrier planes spread death among enemy concentrations in the north part, increasing a Nipponese toll which already exceeds 6,000. More than 2,500 others have been killed on Tinian. An additional 2,000 are being cut to pieces in the cave and beach area of Marpo point on south Tinian by Marines who earlier aided in the slaughter of more than 21,000 Nipponese on Saipan. Two Airfields Captured The leatherneck sweep down Tin- ian's 12-miile length, aided by a de- structive secret weapon, overran two airfields the Japanese built. On Guam, northbound Yanks oc- cupied four small towns while straightening out their line which extends from a mile north of the captured capital city of Agana on the west coast to Pago Bay on the east. Bloodshed Prevented The fierce bombing and rocket at- tack plainly indicates the tacticians are doing their utmost by air and sea to prevent as much bloodshed as possible among the American troops when they drive into the rugged northern area. All of Japan's southwest Pacific empire east of the Philippine-Halma- hera line was isolated by a bold move 200 miles westward to Sansapor on the northwestern tip of Dutch New Guinea by Gen. Douglas MacArthur. Gen. Stilwell Promoted to Highest Rank WASHINGTON, Aug. 1-(AP)- The four stars of the army's high- est rank were given today to Uncle Joe Stilwell, the gaunt and zealous scourge of the Japs in Burma, and the man with more titles than any other general in the Army. President Roosevelt sent to the Senate the nomination of Lt. Gen. Joseph W. Stilwell to be a full gen- eral, making him equal in rank to Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, to whom Stilwell is deputy for the Al- lied southeast Asia command. But Stilwell is more than deputy commander in chief, southeast Asia. He is also commanding general, U. S. Army Forces, in China-Burma- India, and chief of staff to General- issimo Chiang Kai Shek. Stilwell has been an insistent pro- phet of the military potentialities of the Chinese soldier. INTEREST IN COUNTRY AWAKENS: Opening Session of Conference On China Will Be Held Today Kuanas Seized; Baltic Trap Shut 4--- Authorities on the history and cul- ture of China will convene here for the opening session from 2 to 4 p. m' today in the Rackham Building of a four day conference on China. Registration for the conference will be held from 10 to 12 a. m. and from 1 to 2 p. m. today in the lobby of the Rackham Building. 'There will be no charge. Ruthven, Judd to Speak The Honorable Walter H. Judd, M. D., medical missionary in China, will lecture on "China and America Face Mannerhei m Named Finns' New .President Commander-in-Chef Replaces Risto Ryti By The Associated Press STOCKHOLM, Aug. 1.-Aged Mar- shal Baron Carl Gustav Manner- heim, commander-in-chief of Fin- land's armed forces, tonight accepted parliament's call to the presidency succeeding Risto Ryti and opening the way for formation of a "peace government." Thus again as after World War 1, the Finns turned to their number one soldier to save the country. The Finnish Parliament met five times during the day in the face of the crisis resulting from the Russian advance to the Baltic which threat- ens to cut Finland off from her ally, Germany. Resignation Cancels Pact Ryti's resignation in effect cancels his pact with Germany in which he promised Finland would not make a separate peace, as the pact depended solely on Ryti's signature because Parliament was not consulted. Ryti, in his -letter of resignation, dated Aug. 1, said civil and military powers ought to be concentrated in one person because of "the hard and dangerous conditions" in which Fin- land finds itself. Secondly, he said, his health had been affected. Appointed by Parliament . Mannerheim took over the presi- dency after Parliament had adopted a special decree legalizing his succes- sion without an election, official an- nouncements in Helsinki stated. The maneuver recalled the French switch from Premier Paul Reynaud to Marshal Petain, who promptly surrendered France to the Germans in 1940. in this case Finland may reorganize 'her government as an essential preliminary to a peace with Russia. Collision Injured Are 'Doiig Nicely' Three men injured in the train- truck collision last Friday afternoon are reported to be "doing nicely" by doctors at St. Joseph's Hospital, wherethey were taken after thesac- cident and resulting fire. Fireman John Cummings and en- gineer Clyde Brown, who were caught by flames rushing through the cab of the Toledo bound Ann Arbor Rail- way train have both been up today, their floor nurse said. Skin grafts may be required. Ben Stillwell, who Irove the colliding truck, is confined with his leg in a splint. He also suffered minor burns in the gasoline fire. the Future" at 8:30 p. m. today in the Rackham Lecture Hall. President Alexander G. Ruthven will also ad- dress this session of the conference. Louis A. Hopkins, associate profes- sor of mathematics, secretary of the University Senate and of the Uni- versity Council and director of the Summer Session, will give the wel- coming address at 2 p. m. today. University Is Related Other speakers at the afternoon session will be Edward H. Kraus, Raymond Dennett and Mischa Tit- iev. Dean Kraus, professor of Crys- tallography and mineralogy and dean of the literary college, will speak on "The University of Michigan and the Far East." Mr. Dennett, secretary of the Am- erican Council of the Institute of Pacific Relations, will talk on "The American Council, Institute of Paci- fic Relations." China's Contribution Is Topic Mr. Titiev, who is an associate professor of anthropology at the Uni- versity now on leave for the Office Osmena Named Upon Death of Manuel Quezon WASHINGTON, Aug. 1.- (- Sergio Osmena today took over as president of the Philippine Common- ealth, succeeding Manuel L. Quezon, ho died earlier in the day at Saranac Lake, N.Y. The 65-year-old Osmena, who has been vice-president since 1935, may thus become the first president of an independent Philippinearepublic since President Roosevelt and Congress have pledged that the Philippines shall have complete freedom as soon as the Japanese invaders are ousted. Osmena was originally scheduled to become president last November 15 when Quezon's term expired but Congress extended Quezon's tenure of office. Long a prominent figure in Philip- pine political life, Osmena was speak- er of the first Filipino assembly in 1907 and continued in that post until 1916. Formerly on opposite sides of the political fence, Quezon and Osmena joined forces in the Nacionalista par- ty. Quota of Blood Bank Is Filled University men and women have filled their quota of 275 blood donors for the Red Cross Blood Bank, which will be held Thursday and Friday, August 10 and 11, in the Women' Athletic Building. Tom Bliska, Union presdent, yes- terday reported that 200 men have been registered, including 75 civilian students. The remainder of the quota is being filled by members of the local Navy V-12 Unit, Bliska said. Meanwhile, Miss Ethel McSormick, League seial director, announced that campus women have exceeded their quota of 75. The League registration was spon- sored by the Women's War Council through Pam Watts, secretary-treas- urer of the organization. Sandy Per- lis of the Union staff, was in charge of the registration of campus men. of Strategic Services, Washington, D. C., will speak on "China's Con- tribution to the Far East". The chief purpose of this confer- ence is to awaken an interest in China on the part of the teachers who are attending the summer ses- sion and to acquaint them with some recently prepared materials, hoping that this interest will in turn be transmitted to the children and young people whom they teach. The conference is being sponsor- ed jointly by the Institute of Paci- fic Relations and the University. Allies To Plan World Security At Conference U.S., Britain, Russia Will Meet in Capital WASHINGTON, Aug. 1-(AP)-- The question of the proper organiza- tion and use of military force to sup- press aggressor nations and preserve world peace will be a major concern in conversations among Britain, Rus- sia and the United States at a world security conference to begin here Aug. 14, officials disclosed today. The attention to be given the use of force was emphasized by the fact that out of 16 advisory members of the American delegation, six are gen- erals and admirals. Announced By Stettinius Acting Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius announced plans for the three-power meetings.. "After the conclusion of these con- versations, representatives of this government, England and China will conduct similar conversations on the same subject." Stettinius will head the American delegation, but Secretary of State Hull will keep in close touch with all developments. Hull, Stettinius said, probably will open the sessions. Probable Foreign Delegates Britain's conferees will be headed by Alexander Cadogen and Maxim Litvinoff, vice commissar for foreign affairs, may head the Russian group. The six American military partici- pants-all of whom now have assign- ments in connection with Army and Navy planning for the future-will be Lt. Gen. Stanley D. Embick, Maj. Gen. George V. Strong, Maj. Gen. Muir S. Fairchild, Admiral Arthur J. Hepburn, Vice Admiral Russell Will- son, and Rear Admiral Harold C. Train. Sphinx Adds Six New Men Sphinx, Michigan's junior honor- ary society, was bolstered by the addition of six third year men, Treas- urer Bob Nussbaumer announced yes- terday. Those receiving the coveted award are Bliss Bowman, Bruce Hilkene, Dave Loewenberg, Joe Ponsetto, Bob Stevens and Bob Stevenson. These six men, along with the veteran members of Sphinx, will hold the initial summer meeting of the club at 12:45 p.m. Saturday in the Michigan Union. The meeting will concern itself with the election of new officers and plans will be made to hold several parties before the summer term is ended. Surgical Dressings Unit Will Be Open The League Surgical Dressings Vnif will hc nn nfrnm 1 tn 5 .m. All Road, RailCommunications Slashed Between East Prussia, Northern States By The Associated Press LONDON, Aug. 1-The Russian First Baltic Army slashed the last road and rail communications between the north Baltic states and East Prussia tonight, isolating two German armies in Estonia and Latvia, while two other powerful Soviet Army groups captured Kaunas, pre-war capital of Lithuania, and closed a steel arc of siege around burning Warsaw. The trap in the Baltic was being closed by Gen. Ivan C. Bagramian's men, who seized Tukums, rail center nine miles south of the Gulf of Riga and 30 miles almost due west of stations were among more than midnight communique announced,t strophe in a single sentence: + LATVIA-- wRIGA Liepa a Jelga a "Gludaui~am UITHUANIA KAUNA®S ONIGSBERG 0 500 " r"TMGuby PRUSSIA ,,rGrog o Bialystok SARSaw POLAN Siedlte BLtovsk 0 O50i " ~STATUTE'MLES the city of Riga. Six other railway 100 taken in that drive, the Soviet describing the threat of German cagta- - "Thus our troops have cut all roads leading from the Baltic to East Prus- sia." AT WARSAW'S GATES -Marshal Stalin has announced the capture of the former Lithuanian capitalA of Kaunas (middle arrow) and also of Jelgava and Siedlce (other top; and bottom arrows). The Germans have reported that Russian forces had opened an attack against a Warsaw industrial suburb on the east bank of the Vistula River. Turks Prepare To Brek Of f Nazi Relations LONDON, Aug. 1-(AP)-Turkey tonight solemnly approached an ap- parently imminent rupture of her relations with Germany, gambling at last on the chance that the Nazis are shackled sufficiently by European developments to prevent full-fledged reprisals and hoping to win cheaply a place at the peace tables. Turkish action, irrevocably widen- ing a breach caused three months ago by halting shipments of steel- hardening chrome to the Axis, was expected within the next 36 hours. The decision is generally expected to come at the Wednesday meeting of the Grand National Assembly, when the obedient People's Party Deputies will approve the course of action set by President Ismet Inonu and Prime Minister Sukru Sarocaglu. The Budapest correspondent of the Turkish News Agency reported a cabinet crisis in Hungary as all army leaves were cancelled and SS men patrolled Budapest streets. World News In .brief.. . Eighth Moves Ahead.. . By The Associated Press ROME, Aug. 1-Five German di- visions drawn 'in a tight arc south and southwest of Florence lashed back bitterly today at Eighth Army forces punching their way methodic- ally toward the great art capital through a succession of enemy strong- points. * * * How many Germans remain there is uncertain, but their 'numbers are believed to be large, as both the 16th and 18th armies, once totalling 350,- 000 men, were assigned to the Esto- nian-Latvian defense and gave no indications of pulling out even as the escape routes narrowed daily. Germans Make Claims The Germans claimed they had driven Bagramian's forces back in the Siauliai area so that 12 miles sepa- rated them from those thrusting to the Gulf of Rigo, but even if true, this was a minor success offering small promise of saving the German armies to the north. The Russian communique, broad- cast from Moscow and recorded in London by the Soviet Monitor, reit- erated Premier Stalin's earlier order of the day announcing that Kaunas had been taken by storm by Gen. Ivan D. Cherniakhovsky's third White Russian Army, and told of continu- ing progress on all the northern sec- tors of the 800-mile front. Arc Is Closing Very soon, it seemed ,the victory salutes would be for Warsaw, where Marshal Komstantink K. Rokossov- sky's troops were fighting tonight less than six miles away, closing in on it a great steel are so near that their heavy guns were firing into German strongpoints inside the city over open sites. Elsewhere, too, the Soviet drive progressed formidably. The Germans acknowledged in a broadcast tonight that Russia troops had gained seven bridgeheads on the west bank of the Vistula River in the Deblin area 57 miles southeast of Warsaw. Philadelphia Has Race Riots With Strihes PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 1.,- ()- Groups of Negroes attacked white auto and truck drivers tonight in a flare-up of race disorder attendant upon a tie-up of Philadelphia's pub- lic transportation system. The first disturbance occurred when two white men in a car stopped at a traffic signal. Spectators said a group of Negroes dragged them from the car and beat them. They escaped and drove away. The second incident took place an hour and a half later at an intersec- tion where a Negro lodge carnival was in progress. There, police said, two other white men were dragged from a coal truck and beaten. The transportation walkout, de- priving 1,500,000 citizens of their normal means of urban travel, was still in progress tonight, after trolley, bus and subway employes had lis- tened in silence to Army and Navy pleas, and then booed down their own union officers begging them to end the stoppage that began sud- denly this morning. Michigan State GOP Renames Officials GRAND RAPIDS, Aug. 1.-(P)- The Republican state convention to- day renominated Herman H. Dinan. i CONCERT FOR ALLIES: Johnson Leads Philharmonic AX Special to The Daily NEW YORK, July 30.-Warrant Officer Thor Johnson, conductor of Whitmore and Jack Lowe, duo- pianists, and Sgt. Eugene List, pianist. m-ara. +nm,.. rTnnenintro-= tion, optimistic in character. It plays about seven and three-quar- ters minutes. This is its first per- formance anywhere.