VOL. LIII, No. 19-S I itAiArnt 4at Weathe r Warmer ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JULY 23, 1943 PRICE FIVE CENTS Yank Columns Conquer All West icily NOT ENOUGH OCS: Allied Drive at Breakneck Speed in North and West Air Base l'ak1en 125 ROTC Men Will Be Eligible To Return 'V Approximately 125 of the 167 ad- vanced ROTC men who left the Uni- versity at the end of last semester for active duty will be eligible to return to the University to complete their academic studies under the new rul- ing of the War Department, Army of- ficials here stated yesterday. The return of these students to continue their academic education has been authorized as a result of reduced quotas at Officer Cand- date Schools. All second year advanced men were sent to Camp McCoy, Wis., to await OCS or to take basic training. Those who have been graduated from col- lege are being placed in Officer Can- didate Schools now, aid all of them will be assigned by Sept. 30. Second Year Men MayReturn All second year advanced men who were sent to Camp McCoy and who have not yet received their degrees may come back to the University under the new program. , Of the graduated ROTC students, i none has been reported in OCS as yet. Undergo Basic Training First year advanced ROTC stu- dents from the University, number- ing about 40 men, are now undergo- ing basic military training at re- placement centers, and will complete that training before being assigned; General Upshur, Paddock Killed In Plane Crash WASHINGTON, July 22.- (A'-] ThIe fiery crash of a naval plane near Slitka, Alaska, has claimed the lives of Maj.-Gen. William P. Upshurr veteran hero of the Marines, and, Capt. Charles Paddock, Olympic track star of the twenties who oncel was acclaimed as the "world's fastest human." The Navy Department reported late today that Upshur and PaddockE and four other persons were killed1 when the plane crashed and burned yesterday. There were no survivo, and the Navy said that "the cause of the accident has not yet been deter- mined." The names of the planes' fours other occupants were not disclosed,t pending notification of next of kin. The Navy said that the bodies of all passengers and members of the crew have been recovered. Upshur, commanding general of the Marines for the Department of the Pacific and a seasoned cam- paigner who won the Congressional medal of honor for service in Haiti in 1915 had been in charge of sup- plying personnel in Marine units in{ the Pacific theatre since early last' year.j UMW Submits 2-Year Pact Agreement Applies to 35,000 Illinois Miners WASHINGTON, July 22.- ()- The United Mine Workers of Amer- ica offered today to settle their wage differences with the nation's coal operators'on the basis of an agree- ment providing for an 8-hour day, a 48-hour week, and portal-to-portal pay of $1.25 daily for the next two years. A contract embodying those pro-, visions and providing in effect for an increase of about $3 in a miner's daily %'take home" pay, was signed yesterday by the UMW's District 12 and the Illinois Coal Operators Asso- ciation, to be effective from April 1, 1943, to March 31, 1945. The contract applies to approxi- mately 35;000 UMW miners in the Illinois fields. The UMW policy committee decided today that the pact would be satisfactory and ac- ceptable for the union's estimated 450,000 workers in the nation's other coal fields. Former Student Dies in 1 h . 1 - to college, probably under the su- pervision of the Army Specialized Training Division. It is not yet definitely deter- mined under what status the men will return to the University, Army officials said. They may come back under orders, as enlisted re- servists or under the ASTP. If a voluntary status is maintained, those men who do not wish to re- turn to the University will stay with their respective units. It is believed that all men return- ing to college will return to the uni- versities at which they were matric- ulated before being placed on active duty. Allied Planes Raid Jap Base At Soerabaja Incendiaries Dropped On Refinery in 2400 Mile Surprise Attack By The Associated Press ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, July, 23, Friday-Allied heavy bombers, again extending the range of their operations, have made a successfulF surprise raid on Soerabaja, the Jap- anese main base in the Netherlandst East Indies. It was the first time bombs hadi dropped on this capital of East Java Province since the Japanese seized the former Dutch naval base early in 194. . Planes Fly 2400 Miles The attack involved a round-tripC flight of nearly 2400 miles-some 400 miles more than the previous record, an attack on Macassar, Cele- bes, for bombers operating in the Southwest Pacific. "Our heavy bombers carried out a successful surprise raid on the enemy's main base in the Nether- lands East Indies, one thousand miles from Australia," the communi- que from General Douglas MacAr- thur's headquarters said. Direct Hit on Refinery Scored "Direct hits with 500-pound bombs and incendiaries were scored on an oil refinery, resulting in five large fires; a dock and nearby warehouses and railway installations were heavi- ly hit with high explosives and in- cendiaries. "Raging fires were reported by the combat crews as being visible 140 miles." The raiders apparently took the Japanese completely by surprise. The city was brightly lighted and there was great activity around the docks when the Liberators roared in upon the target area shortly before dawn Thursday. Japanese ground batteries quickly got into action, however, and threw up an intensive but ineffective anti- aircraft barrage. Their fire had no- ticeably slackened, however, by the time the Liberators had completed their job. The unexpected and spectacular assault, from which all our planes re- turned, overshadowed an intensive raid on the Munda area. Medium and divebombers and fighters, the com- munique said, flew 250 sorties against that key Japanese defense position Munda Fall Nears After Base Bombing ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC, July 23, Fri- day- (IP- Munda, key Japanese base on New Georgia Island in the central Solomons, was reported in "reach of capture" by ground forces today after the record - breaking bombing on Wednesday of Bairoko Harbor, enemy supply base about ten air miles north of Munda. An official statement that U.S. troops had advanced to within a few thousand yards of the airfield was made by Admiral William F. Halsey's South Pacific headquarters. Most of the Japanese artillery has been destroyed. The Nipponese are fight- L-,.w. ,rr- r - h . rf ra - h n- in Swift Drive 1U.S. T1 roops Neadr Palermo as British By The Associated Press ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN NORTH AFRICA, July 22.-- American armored columis, sweeping north and west with a breakneck speel, were approaching Palermo on Sicily's northern coast through the last mountain range guarding the island capital today after capturing the big air base of Castelvetrano and six other towns. Withering under the hot breath of lightning war, the Italian armies of northern and western Sicily were falling into a debacle comparable with that suffered at the hands of the British in Libya as Allied armies swept over considerably more than half of the island. (Acting Secretary of War Patterson in Washington said late reports n u-rrrrrurrru ---** ----'r-r-* _ . --- -..----*-*'. ---*'1id ........... ........z....... ........................ ... .................................................................................................................... ................................. Following the capture of Enna in central Sicily b y U.S.- Canadian forces, it was reported that Axis forces in the west had started a general retreat tow arty Messina, escape port to Italy. Meanwhile, Allied forces advancing at breakneck speed captured Castel vetrano in the west and were advancing on Palermo on the northern coast in a lightning war to drive th e Axis from the continent. British warships were reported to have shelled Crotone, north of Calabria o n the Italian mainland. SHEPHERD, FRIEND OF CHINA, SPEAKS: 'United Nations' Is Non-Existent Nv "I've been asked what the general attitude of the United Nations in the Far East will be beyond disarming Japan," Dr. George Shepherd, a close associate of the Generalissimo, said last night in a lecture sponsored by the Post-War Council.. < "Well, first I shall say that there is no 'United Nations'-not even toc prosecute the war, much less to de- t cide on post-war policies. "There is a Mr. Churchill, and A Mr. Roosevelt, and once in a while Stalin and Chiang Kai-Shek get in on some conferences, but there is no 'United Nations.' "It seems to me that the Chipese will be the real force in decidingt Kelly Points Teo Causes for Delinquency LANSING, July 22.-UP)-Governor' Kelly today made public a report of the State Corrections Commission which traced rising juvenile delin- quency in Michigan to 13 causes, most of them outgrowths of the war. The Commission, compiling a sur- vey of statistics and suggestions from 33 public and private agencies hand- ling child welfare problems, said ju- venile delinquency in Michigan in- creased 19.2 per cent in 1942 over 1940, compared to a national in- crease of 18.3 per cent. The report pointed out a number of weak points in Michigan's child welfare systems, especially in the county agent system. Kelly called a meeting here Sept. 8 of representatives of the prosecu- tors, probate judges, sheriffs, police chiefs and school superintendents associations to discuss the delin- quency problem. Among the causes of delinquency outlined by the com- mission were: "Latch key children" left to shift for themselves while their parents worked in industry. Broken homes, indicated by a Michigan divorce rate of one divorce to every 3.5 marriages during a five- year period. Congestion, unsanitary conditions, crowded schools and inadequate rec- reational facilities in areas where families have crowded together for defense work. Specialists To Begin Training Officers Will Study European Languages Training of officers as civil affairs specialists will begin at the Univer- sity next week when the first con- tingent arrives from the Provost- Marshal General's School at Ft. Cus- te. Japan's fate, and Japan will prob- ably get equality in the Far East --but no more." After the war there will be four important forces to reckon with in China, Dr. Shepherd said. The most outstanding factor will be the politi- cal struggle between the liberals and the militarists. At present the small group in the Military Affairs Commission are running things, but the Chi- nese, nevertheless, have a liberal, democratic mind, Dr. Shepherd de- clared. "Inevitably China must have access to world trade to raise her standard of living, and I predict that her standard may some day rival ours. In the 20 years that I spent in China, the living standard of the common man was raised 400 per cent," Dr. Shepherd said. "The Chinese have no designs on extra territory, although she has indicated she will demand Formosa, Manchuria, and the return of her own possessions. Participating in the discussion with Dr. Shepherd were Dr. Esson Gale of the International Center, Prof. John Decker of the history de- partment, and Dr. George Kiss of the geography department. When asked what China would do with the Japanese after the Publisher Shot In Cleveland McCarren.s Wounded By Hungarian Gunmman CLEVELAND, July 22.- (A)-John S. McCarrens, 74, general manager of the Cleveland Plain Dealer and president of the Forest City Publish- ing Co., today was shot and wounded critically by an assailant who then put a pistol to his head and killed himself. The shooting occurred in McCar- rens' office on the fourth floor of the Plain Dealer building at East 6th Street and Superior Avenue, in Cleveland's downtown. Detective Inspector Frank W. Story identified the gunman as Her- bert L. Kobrak, 55-year-old Hungar- ian-born Clevelander associated for some years with German and Hun- garian language newspapers here. Kobrak, wounded in the right tem- ple, died at the same hospital 38 minutes after the shooting. Inspector Story said Kobrak's clo- thing contained two notes, one ad- dressed to "gentlemen of the press" indicating he had intended several months ago to kill the publisher and another addressed to police asking that his body be taken to a certain undertaking establishment. On his way to the hospital McCar- rens told associates Kobrak had made an appointment with him to discuss starting a graphic newspaper in Cleveland. war, Dr. Shepherd held out the hope that they might be absorbed into the Chinese nation in the course of time, since they were a part of the yellow race. But Dr. B. A. Liu, head of the Chi- nese National Institution in America, said, "As a member of the Chinese nation, I don't relish the idea of digesting an indigestible people. "The solution does not lie in over-emphasizing the racial ques- tion--of setting up the yellow race to be opposed by the white. I sincerely hope that we can learn instead to think in terms of the human race; perhaps then we can avoid another world war," Dr. Liu concluded. Union Leaders Demand Food Price Roil-Back WASHINGTON, July 22.-UP)-In a virtual ultimatum, leaders of the AFL and CIO today served notice that they would demand the official scalp of Price Administrator Prentiss Brown and an end to the "little steel" wage curb formula unless food prices are rolled back promptly. William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor; Phil- ip Murray head of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, and other members of the combined War Labor Board conferred with President Roosevelt. They announced later they had submitted a statement de- claring that no adequate steps were being taken to reduce prices in line with the President's anti-inflation policy. "If your administrators have de- cided not to carry out in full the program which you proposed and which Congress permits, it will, of course, be impossible for organized labor to continue in its support of the wage and price stabilization pro- gram as now formulated," the state- ment said. Murray reported that no time limit had been set for the administration to meet labor's demand, but he ex- pressed hope something "satisfac- tory" would be worked out Reds Wipe Out Fortifications North of Orel 50,000 Nazis Killed, 6,000 Taken in 10-Day Continuous Offensive LONDON, July 23. (Friday)-(/P)- Russian Armies engulfing Orel's de- fenses have wiped out a strongly- fortified belt north of the city in a 10-day non-stop offensive that has cost the Germans more than 50,000 killed and 6,000 captured, Moscow announced early today. With Russian units fighting less than nine miles from Orel on the northeast and within 11 miles on the east, a special bulletin said Bolkhov 35 miles above the city, had fallen to the onrushing Red Army. Fall of Bolkhov Breaks Defense Bolkhov already had been by-pass- ed by Red Army units racing to take Orel from the rear. The seizure of the strongpoint, Moscow said, "fin- ished the liquidation of strongly fortified districts of the enemy north of Orel." The fall of Orel, which already is within artillery range, would endan- ger the entire German line extending from Leningrad in the north to the Sea of Azov. Battle of Attrition Waged Berlin termed the struggle for the city "the greatest battle of attrition ever fought." Striking from three sides the Rus- sian armies seized village after vil- lage yesterday in advances of fou to five miles, said the special bulle tin and the later midnight communi que. Successes in the Belgorod sec- tor and the Donets Basin to the south also were reported. The Red airforce steadily ham mered German troop and supply con centrations at Orel, Karachev an Bryansk to the northwest, and othe points in the area. More than 2,600 Germans wer killed and 46 enemy tanks destroye in yesterday's fighting, the Russian said. Bob Wiese ELeced To Contto Board Bob Wiese, varsity letterman, wo the all-campus election for studen membership on the Board in Contro of Physical Education today, pilin up 50 votes to his only opponent, Ar Upton's 30. Wiese will take the place of Georg Ceithaml, last year's football cap tain, who graduated in May. Th other student member of the boar is Bob Stenberg. - indicated the American Seventh Ar- my had reached the outskirts of Marsala at the extreme western tip Sof Sicily.) (The Morocco radio, in a broad- cast heard by Reuters, said that Axis forces had already fled Mar- sala, indicating that the Ameri- cans might already be entering the western port.) In a week the roles of the British Eighth Army and the American Sev- enth Army had been completely re- versed, with Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgomery's forces still fighting a bloody war of position at the edge of Catania while Lt.-Gen. George S. Patton, Jr.'s Americans speedily her- ded all Axis resistance into the northeastern part of the island around Mt. Etna. Six Towns Captured Sciacca, San Stefana Quisquina, San Caterina, Menfi, Caltabellotta and Bivona, as well as Castelvetrano, fell to the Americans driving loops westward along the south coast and northward across the island to the north coast, it was announced at Allied headquarters. Castelvetrano, one of the "big three" air bases in Sicily, was cap- tured--before-'daw aT sterday by American infantry and a big arm- ored column, after a three-day march of 60 miles which placed Gen. Patton's fighting veterans only about 20 miles from Marsala at Sicily's western tip and less than 30 miles from Trapani on s the northwest coast. -The fall of San Caterina to the Americans plunging northward from Caltanissetta placed the vanguard within about 28 miles of the north coast, and the capture of San Stef- ano Quisquina to the west gave an- other northward column a position only about 30 miles south of Palermo. Ramacca Falls Ramacca, 22 miles southwest of r Catania, where Canadian troops were driving remnants of the 15th German armored division toward Mt. - Etna, also fell to Allied arms. Moving in to complete encircle- ment of the battling Axis garrison, a strong British naval force bom- barded the Italian mainland at c Crotone in the Gulf of Taranto r yesterday morning. d Nazis Retreat From Ls 'Tioi ess' Theory BERN. Switzerland. July 22.--(P) --Nazi dispatches reaching Switzer- land today asserted that Germany is retreating from her long-touted theory of a "European fortress" to an idea of basic, final defense deep n' within the continent. t Increasingly since the Allies l cracked Sicily the Nazi press has g been referring to the "reduit na- -t ! tional" to be held to the last, with the current coastal forti ications - considered only as outer bastions. e (A reduit is a small inner fortifica- d 1ion usually at the core of a large fortress.) MUST MAKE EDUCATION DYNAMIC: Government Will Take Over If Educators Fail By MAVIS KENNEDY "If leaders in public education in the United States do not begin to sense and meet the problems facing them, if they don't do something to make education dynamic, then the Federal Government will do it," Dr.} Arthur B. Moehlman, of the School1 of Education, declared in an address at the final evening session of the current Education Week Conference,, snonsored by the School of Educa- critical period the education system of the country has proved itself in- adequate, has shown the existence of institutional inertia," he said. "Consequently the Federal Govern- ment has had to step in and make the necessary changes. Lincoln signed the bill providing for land- grant colleges because the crises of the Civil War showed a need for them. Wilson supported the Smith- Hughes bill because World War I ple, as the dictatorial governments have discovered, that unless the peo- ple can activate their wants and ideas concerning education democ- racy is inevitably weakened. "In a democracy," he said "edu- cation should be free as the free people who support it. There should be no state monopoly." "The states must accept the re- sponsibility of revitalizing education so that it can remain in the hands of I i