i y r III I we. it1grn 4ov 1 Weather Cooler VOL. LIII, No. 18-S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 22, 1943 PRiCE FIVE CENTS Enna Taken as Axis Retreats to essina * ,* * Yanks Batter Railway Yards In Rome -Associated Press Photo Pall of heavy smoke hangs over the bomb-blasted San Lorenzo railway yards in Rome after 500 American bombers staged a devastating raid on the Axis transportation bottleneck. The American pilots were thoroughly trained for the first raid on the Italian capitol to avoid hitting churches and cultural objects. Pope Deplores Bombing of Italian Capital Calls upon Catholics To Pray for Peace, Salvatidn of Rome By The Associated Press LONDON, July 21.- The Vatican radio broadcast today the text of a letter from Pope Pius XII to his vicar general for the district of Rome, Francesco Cardinal Mar- chetti-Salvaggian. 4ep. oing.,K - day's bombing of the Italian capitol and calling upon Catholics the world over to pray for a speedy peace. * In the letter, broadcast in English and recorded here by the Associated Press, the Pontiff said he had thought that "the horrors and de- struction of bombiig could be spared to our dear Rome." Citing the his- torical, cultural and religious impor- tance of Rome, the Pope then said: "All that we put before competent authorities on several occasions in clear terms, recommending to them in the name of human dignity and of Christian civilization the inviola- bility of Rome.? The Pope then stated he had felt justified in hoping that the Papal authority and its Impartiality "would have secured us the consolation, among: such bitterness, of finding a reception by the contending parties of our intervention in favor of Rome." ,"But alas," he said, "this so rea- sonable hope of ours has been dis- appointed." The Pontiff inentioned damage done to the Basilica of San Lorenzo, "the veneration of all Catholics by its ancien' associations" and "now in very great part destroyed." The Pope closed his letter with the call for prayers for an early peace. Child Guidance To Be Theme Of Conference Guidance and adjustment in schools is the central theme for lec- tures and discussions being held to day as part of the Annual Education Week Conference sponsored by tie School of Education in the University High School. Dr. Louis A. Hopkins, Director of the Summer Session, will act as chairman at the general morning meeting at which Prof. Harlan C. Koch, of the School of Education will lecture on "Guidance in the Postwar Period." Roundtable discussions will con- sider guidance in schools and com- munities as related to both delin- quent and normal children. Miss Marie Skodak, director of the Flint Guidance Center, will speak at the general afternoon session on "An Experiment in Guidance in the Flint Txa CLurf ,, 1 Illinois Mine Workers Gain Pay Increase WASHINGTON, July 21.-O(P)- John L. Lewis' United Mine Workers signed today a contract granting 35,000 Illinois coal miners an in- crease of about $3 a day in pay--$1 more than Lewis originally demanded unsuccessfully for the nation's 500,- 000 miners. The two-year pact with the Illi- nois Coal Operators Association, however, still hinges on approval by the War Labor Board and other gov- ernment stabilization agencies and on an increase in the ceiling price of coal to compensate for the wage in- creases. Government sanction of the agree- ment, effective from April 1, 1943, to March 31, 1945, apparently would give Lewis an opening wedge to line up operators on a regional, piecemeal basis. The contract provides $1.25 a day for portal-to-portal (underground travel) pay, chief issue in a bitter wage dispute that thrice resulted in closing the nation's coal pits. Engine Senior Office Petitions Due Soon Students wishing to run for senior class offices in the Engineering School must have their petitions in Dean A. H. Lovell's office by noon Monday, Dave Upton, '44, chairman of the election committee said yester- day. Elections will be held next Thurs- day and Friday. All September graduates and all NROTC students who will have com- pleted eight semesters by the end of the summer term are eligible to run, Upton said. Petitions must include name, ad- dress, phone number, general schol- astic average and spring term aver- age. In addition to this information, applicants must give their qualifica- tions and secure the signatures of 15 students from their class, Upton said. Reds Now Nine Miles From Orel Russians Capture 90 Towns near Outskirts Of Nazi Stronghold By The Associated Press LONDON, Thursday, July 22-The Red Army captured Optugha, only nine miles northeast of Orel, and also toppled Zolotarevo, 11 miles east of the gravely menaced German stronghold, yesterday in an offensive of rising power which smashed new German reserves hurled into action after forced marches, Moscow an- nounced officially early today. The Russians overran more than 90 villages on the fringes of Orel, whose fall would unhinge the entire Nazi southern front; killed more than 5,800 Germans in fighting rag- ing as far south as the Sea of Azov, and knocked out more than 77 tanks and 131 enemy planes, and scored gains of four to nine miles. Hitler Orders Orel Held (Adolph Hitler has ordered Orel held "at all costs," the London radio said in a broadcast recorded by CBS.) German tank and infantry coun- terattacks mounted in fury, but failed to halt the Russians who had launched their first successful sum- mer counteroffensive after absorbing the full shock of a German attack launched July 5 below Orel. One Red Army column advancing on Orel from the northeast struck straight down the railway from fallen Mtsensk, seizing Dumchina, Otrada, and Optukha in that order, a special communique announced. This col- umn and other units striking cross- country to outflank Orel occupied 40 villages during the day. Russians Prepare to Shell Orel Soviet heavy artillery apparently now was being hauled into position to shell Orel. A second army driving in frontally from the east "occupied over 50 pop- ulated places," said the communique, recorded by the Soviet monitor. These included the district center and railway station of Mokhovaya, and the railway station of Zolotarevo, 11 miles east of Orel. Five of the cap- tured localities were described as large. The third Russian army driving up from the south was meeting the toughest German opposition. The threat was most imminent to Orel but an equally important Ger- man base and rail hub at Bryansk was also imperilled. A Russian col- umn had captured Buky and was within 35 miles of Bryansk and with- in five miles of the crucial railway linking Bryansk to Orel. Buky is about 40 miles to the west of Orel. Wiese, Upton Are Board Candidates Two varsity lettermen, Bob Wiese and Art Upton, will be the candi- dates today for the student positions open on the Board in Control of Physical Education. Voting will take place at the En- gine Arch and in University Hall from 9 a.m. to 12 noon and 1 p.m. to 4 p.m., and will be open to all men students. Identification cards must be shown at the polls. The winner will take the place of George Ceithaml, last year's football captain, who graduated in May. The other student member of the board is Bob Stenberg. Against a hilly background, American landing craft unload men and vehicles on a beach near Licata in southern Sicily. Intense activity such as this contributed greatly to the rapid advance of forward troops who have penetrated halfway across the large Italian island. Yanks Unload On Sicilian'Beach * * *: Advanced ROTC May Return to Universities Reduced Quotas Will Allow Undergraduates To Go to College Before Officers Training 'N - WASHINGTON, July 21. - (P) -E The return of a large number of advanced ROTC students to college to continue their academic educa- tion has been authorized as a result of reduced quotas at Officer Candi- date Schools, the War Department announced today. Second year advanced ROTC stu- dents who have been graduated from college are being placed in Officer Candidate Schools now, and all of them will have been assigned by Sept. 30. Other advanced ROTC students who have been called to active duty will be permitted, upon their request, to return to college on inactive sta- tus. Second year advanced students, not yet graduated, will be permitted to remain in college through the semester or quarter in progress next Dec. 31, unless graduated sooner. First year advanced ROTC stu- dents, now undergoing basic military training at replacement centers, will complete that training before being assigned to college under the super- vision of the Army Specialized Train- --- ----*- _____________--------*------- Allies bombard Bairoko Harbor ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, July 22. (Thursday) - Allied bombers poured 133 tons of bombs upon Bair- oko harbor on New Georgia yesterday, in the heaviest air raid of the South- west Pacific war, while American troops sent Japanese jungle fighters reeling back after an unsuccessful counterattack at Munda. More than 150 bombers-Dauntless and Avengers--with a strong fighter cover participated in the assault on Bairoko which lasted throughout the day. The communique from Gen. Doug- las MacArthur's headquarters said it was the heaviest raid ever made by either the Allies or the Japanese in the war theatre. ing Division. They probably will re- main in college for two or more quarters before vacancies will permit their assignment to Officer Candi- date Schools. Michigan ROTC men who had completed more than one semester of training were placed on active duty here on March 17 and 18. They were stationed in Allen - Rumsey House in the West Quadrangle. Shortly after the end of last sem- ester, most of the men were ordered to Camp McCoy, Wis., to await trans- fer to OCS or to take basic training. Letters from the camp tell of all men now taking stiff basic training. Dr. Waggoner Gets Selective Service Job *Dr. Raymond W. Waggoner, di- rector of the University Neuropsychi- atric Institute, has been appointed consultant to Draft Director Lewis B. Hershey, Washington Selective Service officials announced yester- day. Dr. Waggoner, a specialist on men- tal maladjustments, was called in a move to improve a condition that has resulted recently in rejection of 23 per cent of all draftees for neuro- psychiatric reasons. Draft officials have been increas- ingly concerned over the large num- bers of men turned, back on the ground they probably would be un- able to stand the shift from civilian to military life and have been search- ing for a more definite basis for de- cisions on these cases. British Bomb Catania, Push Germans Back Allies Now Hold Half Of Sicily; Nazis Dig In For Despeirate Fight By The Associated Press ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN NORTH AFRICA, July 21.-- Ameri- can and Canadian troops have cap- tured the central road hub of Enna to control half of Sicily, and tonight demoralized Axis troops had begun a general retreat toward the escape port of Messina two miles opposite the Italian mainland. Enna also is the "back door" to Catania 40 miles to the cpst where the British Eighth Army had pressed back a stubborn German foe to the southern suburbs of that port. British warships still were pumping shells into the city whose fall would pave the way for an Axis rout similar to the Cap Bon disaster in North Africa. 'Attempt Strong Line' Of the ferocious struggle around Catania, key to eastern Sicily, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Allied Com- mander-in-Chief, said: "The Germans had attempted to establish a very strong line, includ- ing Mount Etna, on the east and to do so brought certain formations from the Italian mainland." American and Canadian armored columns seized the mountain fort- ress of Enna yesterday and pounded on after an enemy whom Allied ob- servers said was withdrawing north- eastward apparently for a last stand in the Messina area or below there on the 55-mile road leading to Ca- tania. War Prize of Centuries - The fall of Enna, a war prize through the centuries, isolated large numbers of Axis troops in Western Sicily whose only effective means of escape is along a northern coastal road 30 miles above the advancing Americans and' Canadians. Catania's defenders also were cut 'off from inland Sicily except for that circuitous northern road, and presumably some of the Cana- dians have turned eastward to out- flank the Germans on the coast who were fighting one 'of the most ferocious battles since their unsuc- cessful stand at the Mareth Line in southern Tunisia. Gerbini and its neighboring air- dromes are 30 miles east of Enna, and the Germans apparently had withdrawn most of their units from central Sicily to defend the Catania area. Gen. Eisenhower, in his inter- view, said that the Americans were meeting weaker resistance in their rapid advance, "thus over-running substantial portions of the island and confining the enemy to pro- gressively smaller areas." Prophesies Complete Victory The general expressed confidence in a complete Allied victory on the island, but said the British and Can- adian forces faced bitter fighting and the prospect of a generally slow advance Ahead of the Allied columns split- ting Sicily in half raced airmen strafing the enemy's road of retreat. But the targets were becoming so slim in Sicily for the Allied airmen they were raising their sights gener- ally to attack Sardinia, island above Sicily, and airports on the southern Italian mainland. Italian prisoners captured in central Sicily also declared that German forces had spedNeastward. They complained that the Nazis were deserting them, grabbing all transport and leaving them afoot, but it was likely that the Germans were concentrating their forces in the vital Catania sector. The Italians also bitterly de- nounced their own government, say- ing the fascists had given them in- sufficient guns and food to with- stand the Allies. OWl Head, Davis Is Enroute for London LONDON, July 22, Thursday-() -Some quarters here said today they believed that Elmer Davis, U.S. Office of War Information head, re- BRITISH UNCONVINCED: Roosevelt Expected World War In 1937, Dr. ShepherdSays President Roosevelt and officials in the intelligence service knew back in October, 1937 that the Sino-Japanese conflict was the beginning of a world war in which all nations would be involved sooner or later, Dr. George W. Shepherd, American missionary from China, said yesterday. "Your nation will join us when it is attacked, the Generalissimo told me, and when you join forces with us, we'll win. "But while the President and Col. George V. Strong of the Intelligence Service believed we would have to fight Japan, authorities were uncon- vinced, and the steel manufacturers just didn't see why they shouldn't ship material to Japan." Chiang Kai-Shek's genius in lead- ing China and fighting against her formidable enemy dates back to Shanghai when he resolved then that his life was to be committed to the cause of freedom for his own people,! Dr. Shepherd emphasized. "Chiang has helped to keep Amer- ica free, in fact, to keep civilization: free, more than most people realize, because he is a man with a cause. He has said that the only way to win this war against Japan is for every Chinese to get in and hold on-and that is what they are doing. "After the war China will have a perfect right to stand on an equal footing with Russia, Britain, and the United States, and God help the United Nations if she doesn't." Dr. Shepherd, who spoke under the auspices of the Ninth Annual Con- ference on Religion, will lead a panel discussion on "The Faith that China Keeps," at 2 p.m. today in the Rack- ham Amphitheatre. Goal Announced For Treasury War Loan Drive WASHINGTON, July 21.-(/P)-A $15,000,0,00,000 goal for the third war loan drive was announced to- night by Treasury Secretary Morgen- thau, who said only non-banking sources will participate. The goal for the largest financing program in world history is $2,000,- 000.000 above that of the second war loan drive in April, which brought in a total of $18,500,000,000, but of that amount banks bought more than $5,000,000,000. The third war loan drive will open Sept. 9, and' Morgenthau said the securities, to be essentially the same types as those sold in the second war loan, will be offered only to individ- uals, corporations, insurance com- panies and other non-banking sources. Spurred by the promise their dol- lars will be converted into an air- craft carrier, the USS Shangri-la, POLICE DESERVE CRITICISM REV. WHITE SAYS: Detroit By MARTHA SCHMITT "The race riots in Detroit were caused by a long series of social, economic and political policies car- ried on by the ruling class in De- troit," Rev. Horace White of the Detroit Congregational Church said in his lecture interpreting the nation-wide riots yesterday. "The police department richly deserves criticism," Rev. White said. "If the police had not han- dled the situation with kid gloves and arrested as many whites as Iuling are too dumb to plan sucha he said. "The great masses of whi just as degraded as the1 West of Woodward Avenu are three times as many pe there were a few years ag yet there are no new dwelli new recreations and no cha the curriculum of the schoo Negroes are not allowed to the administrative branch education system. No Negr chers are permitted in Class Caused a riot," the whites did not wish them to 2,000 wa have work, but that if they would Negro po tes are stay with Ford, he would give by one,"' blacks. them jobs," he added. "Of co e there "When the white laborers struck when th ople as for higher wages Ford put his Ne- White sa o, and groes to work in the plant. This their job ngs, no policy was carried out by manu- sist on s ange in facturers throughou', Detroit. The let Negro ls. The whole idea of the rmanufacturers is Negro so be in to break up the Unions by break- the Army of the ing coalition between Negro and principle ro tea- white workers," Rev. White said. these co white "They force the race issue. The to be b Riots nting homes. Streets for opulation are opened one he added. urse there willbe conflicts e boys come home," Rev. said. "They will demand bs. The Unions must in- eniority rights. They can't es be thrown out of work. Idiers will get jobs through y also. After fighting for s without fear of death lored men will not stand booted around," he said.