THE MICHIGAN DAILY

SATURDAY, JULY 4,



The

Week

In

Review




Foreign-- British Turn In Egypt

Domestic-- FBI Thwarts Sabotage, Treason

After a week of bad news from
Egyptian battle fronts, a week which
saw Matruh and El Daba fall to the
mechanized speed of General Erwin
Rommel's Afrika Corps, frantic Allied
obser'ers finally found a silver lining.
The same day that Churchill told
a still irritated House of Commons
that Libyan campaign losses had
reached the 50,000 mark, the British
lion turned from its headlong flight
and bit back at the advancing Nazis.
Forces concealed on the flanks
and apparently in the rear drove the
surprised Germans back with an at-
tack that concentrated its force
about 70 miles west of Alexandria,
the port that many had regarded as
already lost.
Planes whose numbers have been
matched only in such raids as Co-
logne and Bremen took to the air,
bombing and strafing advancing
Rommel armies and supplies. They
hit back hard at such distant Nazi
supply centers as Derna and Bengasi.
American bombers by the score took
part in the attacks which ranged
all over the area of the eastern
Mediterranean.
The American aerial help, how-
ever, was not all that brought the
change in British fortunes. Fine
Briton Imperials, brought from the
Middle East-presumably Iran, Pal-
estine and Syria-were also a major
factor. Gen. Claude Auchinleck-_
who only a day before took ove' su-
preme command from Gen. Neil
Ritchie-gbt much of the credit for
what may yet become the turning
point of the African war.
Temporary Halt...
That the battle is over, or that
tioe British have succeeded in halting
the always resourceful Rommel is by
nq means certain. But the Axis
forces which threatened to sweep
Into Alexandria, Cairo and the Suez
have received at least a temporary
setback. People in Cairo breath more
easily, but it is to be hoped that they
do not continue /td perform under
tension as they did last week. Cor-
respondents there likened their atti-
tude to that of the British nationals
during the now legendary siege of
Singapore.
At home Churchill-expected t
have a tough tussle with the Com-
mons over his dual post of Prime
Minister arid Defense Minister-
neatly changed the issue into one of
confidence or non-confidence and
won hands down without even a
tough fight. The overwhelming vote
did not, however, indicate that the
people were satisfied with the mili-
tary conduct of the war. Illustration
of a tendency towards distrust was
the by-election victory of a Churchill
critic over a government-supported
candidate from a Conservative dis-
trict.
Meanwhile, American opinion-
always ready to be highly critical of
the British no matter what its own
troubles might be-lashled out at
what they thought were inept British
policies and misleading releases to the
press. And as usual the amazingly
resilient average American snapped
out of it once the British found a
 strategic place to begin their final
struggle.

Londonderry, Ireland, a base which
might well be used either to begin
or defend against invasion.
Navy bombeis struck far out into
the Pacific from Hawaii-hitting
Jap forces on lonely Wake Island and
hitting with enough force to do real
damage. In the Aleutians the situ-
ation was different. The Navy de-
clines to say and the Japanese are
not bent on revealing the extent or
lodation of their forces. Whether it
was fog or lack of sufficient force
which kept the U.S. from dislodging
the invaders no ore knew.

Russia Worried ..**

It was not the U.S. so much as
Russia that worried about the newly
acquired Jap position. For nown that
the Soviet is fighting for its life in
the West, it appeared that the littl
yellow men may be ready to aim a
blow at Siberia. They have enough
troops massed in Manchukuo, and
their rear is fairly well protected by
the Aleutian foothold. Russian
might, however, seems still to deter
the Men of "Destiny. They wait only
the dissipation of Soviet forces by
the constantly pounding Germans.
The Japanese by no means had all
their eggs in one basket. They con-
tinued to shoot the works in China
with far greater success thaiA in the
previous week. Despite the reorgan-
ization of American Air Forces and
the inclusion of the splendid Ameri-
can Volunteer Group, things con-
tinued to go badly for the Chinese.
The Japs struck back to recapture
several minor positions and prepared
to open another theatre along the
southern coast.
In Australia things remained pretty
much as usualt MacArthur did send
one commando-like raid to Timor,
but it was, the only unusual incident
in an otherwise average week. Japs
and Americans traded bombs, but
in none-too-significant amounts, and
it became increasingly apparent that
Australia had become once more an
almost forgotten center of action.
South America seethed with com-
ment again as Castillo formally took
over the Presidency of Argentina,
and strong man Rios of Chile got
dictatorial powers of defense from,
his government.
Liberal, Allied-supporter Robert
Ortiz, who had been of little service
to Pan-American solidarity for the
past two years because of illness,
was finally forced to resign. With
him went the last hope of overcom-
ing Castillo's refusal to break with
the Axis. Although Argentina con-
tinued to protest an old ship sinking

and even rioted about a newv one, it
is still apparent that Castillo intends
to do nothing about it.
Ortiz' resignation brought another
crisis-this one to Argentine liberals.
They sought a leader who could stand
the rigors of complicated Latin poli-
tics, and weren't at all sure they
could find one.
Ship Sinkings . . .
One of the most unpublicized dis-
asters of the war continued to grow
more apparent as the weeks passed.
Axis submarines were sending home
blows to the American land British
marine that seemed staggering-even
when compared to ship production
figures. The'sinkings, especially in
American waters, mounted until May
set a new record; June promised to
break that record unless interfer-
ence came from new U.S. plans for a
small boat patrol and Navy convoy
system.
The daring of Axis subs increased
adn-for morale purposes no doubt-
shelled outlying islands and deserted
stretches of mainland along the Ore-
gon Coast. They also sank a ship
at the dock in Costa Rica, and in
general became so venturous that the
American public and Congress griped
about the lack of protection for tank-
ers and freighters.
Canadian Taxes ..
Canada, which has with the ex-
ception of German U-boat raids in
.the St. Lawrence, pretty well escaped
the external effects of total war still
was hemming and hawing last week.
A giant taxation bill brought a storm
of protest to the central government.
Alaska, further north and too close
to the Aleutians to be comfortable,
was acting far differently. It recog-
nized the situation and acted ac-
cordingly, pitching in with every
available resource to halt Japan.
It was still impatient about the
still incomplete Alaskan highway
which is to cross Canada and cocked
a willing ear to Arctic Explorer Stef-
ansson who proposed a highway
which would take only 300 miles of
construction instead of the planned
1.,500. No action was taken, however.
It also shook its head ruefully at
treatment by U.S. Army censors
whichgave it news of the Aleutians
some 48 hours after the whole United
States had been informed ,of the
trend of events. But protests there
-as all over the world-brought no
results this week. In Alaska as every-
where else the war came first and
the people's comforts second.
-Hale Champion.

To Decule Fate Of Nazi Saboteurs .

BRIG. GEN. GUY V. GRANT
Hair-raising storybook tales of
spies, saboteurs and traitors came toj
life this week for millions of mys-
tery-loving Americans who were
thunderstruck, and somewhat fright-
ened, at the audacity of the Nazis,
but were pleased and proud of G-
Man Hoover's alert FBI.
Top thriller of the week was the
brilliant capture-in only 14 days--
of eight determined German sabo-
teurs, all of whom had been thor-
oughly schooled in their art in Ger-
many and then deposited on the
shores of the United States by Nazi
submarines.
Four of the men landed, under
cover of fog and darkness, on a lonely
Long Island beach; the others, three
nights later, came ashore near Jack-
sonville, Fla. Burying enough ex-
plosives in the sand to carry on a
two-year campaign of terror, they
separated with the intention of meet-
ing later to begin their destruction
of war plants, water supply systems,
railways, canal locks and bridges.
But they never had the oppor-
tunity. In a few days. FBInvesti-
gators were hot on their trail and in
less than two weeks the eight would-
be saboteurs were telling J. Edgar
Hoover how they had lived for years
in the United States, returned to
Germany in 1939, been graduated
from a Nazi school of sabotage and
come back to this country intending

MAJ. GEN. LORENZO D. GASSER
to leave a trail of ruin, blood and
panic wherever they'went.
The nation once more had cause
to thank Mr. Hoover's G-Men. It
was glad to hear they did not spend
all their time hounding so-called
"reds and pinks" out of government
service.
Spies At Panana . .
From the 'Panama Canal Zone
came another lurid s'tory of spys and
saboteurs-this time with a poison
plot thrown in for good measure.
The hero of the story-an unnamed
U.S. Army observer-successfully
dodged several Nazi attempts to
poison him and sabotage his plane
before his investigations led to the
capture of 20 Axis agents..
No ordinary spy ring, it was com-
Dosed of night club hostesses, Canal
Zone workers, prominent business
men and shipping employes. They
were accused/ of notifying the Axis
of the position of Allied ships and
of refueling enemy submarines.
If one such ring was able to operate
successfully for a time, there may be
others yet in existence. And to them
goes part of the credit far the rising
toll of Allied coast-wise shipping,
For this reason, if for no other, we
hope Gen. Frank Andrews, Defense
Commander of the Caribbean Area,
carries out his promise to "hunt

MAJ. GEN. WALTER S. GRANT
down" and break any other rings
now in operation or being formed.
Treason In Detroit. .
Third act in the hemisphere fifth-
column drama saw a stolid, silent,
German-born American-Max Ste-
phan-sitting seemingly unconcerned
in his prison cell while awaiting sen-
tence for the treason he has been
convicted of committing against his
adopted land.
Though the 49-year-old Detroit
restaurant owner may be hung for
his 12 overt acts in "aiding and abet-
ting" an enemy, he has yet to show
any emotion other than cold stoi-
cism. The life of this man-who
wined and dined German Air Force
officer Peter Krug-now rests in the
hands of 1Federal Judge Arthur Tut-
tle, who is scheduled to announce.
his decision soon. Although the min-
imum sentence is five years impris-
onment or '$5,000 fine, it is certain
that America's first convicted traitor
will 'get much more.
Henderson Fights Back...
Stuffing cigars into his coat pocket
and singing something like "Just
Before the Battle, Mother," Price
Administrator Leon Henderson bore
down on the Senate this week, deter-
mined to regain the $86,000,000 which

the House slashed from OPA appro-
priations-but the "elder statesmen"
planted a firm foot in approximately
the same part of Mr. Henderson's
anatomy that the House had selected
one week earlier.
Being a more - than -somewhat
tough gentelman, Henderson took it
and came back for more. It ap-
peared, however, that he was 'oo
tough, too straightforward, too plaih-
speaking for even the upper cham-
ber. He has never been noted for an
ability to make friends and this week
there was not one in Congress cour-
ageous enough to speak in his favor.
Seemingly there is not one Con-
gressman-and certainly far, far
from a majority-who is willing to
lay aside all personal animosity and
seriously consider the problem of
providing sufficient funds for effec-
tive control of prices, rents and ra-
tioning.
Without the recommended $161,-
000,000 the Office of Price Adminis-
tration will not be able to do its job-
it will not be able to protect the
American consumer. If the Senate
does not see fit to right the appalling
error of the House, a majority of the
blame for a runaway Inflation will
lay at the feet of Congress.
Jim Crow Jury ...
At 8:35 a.m. Thursday a citizen of
the United States sat in the electric
chair of the Virginia penitentiary at
Richmond. A moment later he was
dead-dead because his skin was
black, dead because he was a poor
sharecropper, dead because his law-
yer made a technical mistake, but
dead most of all because America is
not yet as free as it would like to
think it is.
The Negro, Odell Waller, shot and
killed a white man. That white man
had taken 50 ,sacks of wheat which
belonged to Waller; he had driven
the Negro and his family off the
land; Waller's peers-sharecroppers
and Negros-were not allowed on
the Jury which tried him; a white
man had previously been tried before
the same judge for killing a Negro
in a similar situation and had been
freed within 15 minutes.
All the defenders of Wallr asked
was that he be retried by a jury on
which his peers were allowed to.sit;
all they asked was that Virginia abide
by the Constitution of the United
States. But Odell Waller had killed
a white man and for that he must
die. On the day that he was exe-
cuted we were still asking the mem-
bers of his raceto enlist in the Army
or the Navy and join the fight for
freedom. g o
Ford Vs. Government...
Workers at Ford's Willow Run
plant received the disappointing
news this week that 'bomber city'
plans were being subjected to "criti-
cal review" and may be abandoned
entirely.
Giving in to the Senate's De-
fense Investigating Committee, John
Blandford, administrator of the Na-
tional Housing Agency, agreed to re-
survey the whole project and a spe-
cial WPB committee has been set
up for the purpose.
If the plans ate abandoned, it is
almost certain the Detroit housing
problem-which is already severe-
will become unmanageable. It will
also mean that workers at the
Bomber Plant will have to spend as
much as three or four hours daily
traveling to and from work.
The action came after a concerted
pressure drive by Henry Ford and
Washtenaw County officials who are
interested, not in the comfort of the
workers, but in keeping this county
"clean" (free from any CIO or Demo-
cratic influence).
Last week Ford set himself above
the people arid the government of
the Uited States and decided he
would stop the bomber city by any
means necessary. He ordered stakes

pulled which had been driven by
government surveyors and he an-
nounced a formal campaign-which
thus far has been successful-against
the housing project.
One begins to wonder when Henry
Ford is going to stop telling the gov-
ernment what it should and what it
should not do. - Homer Swander
DeGaull See
French Front
By The Associated Press
Uneasy and hungry Europe was
told by the Free French Leader Gen.
Charles De Gaulle, last night that
the decisive battle of the war would
be fought in France, and as he spoke
the German masters of the continent
were hastily reinforcing their coasts



F


Sevastopol Falls .. .

Sevastopol fell. German clair s
were premature, but there was little
doubt that the huge Black Sea for-
tress was just about ready to give up
on the ghost, and finally all Russian
troops withdrew from the city, leav-
ing charred, smouldering ruins be-
hind them.
The consequences are terrific. The
Nazis are now protected on the flank
and can mass huge forces against
increasing Soviet defenses across
from the Kerch peninsula. Beyond
lies the Caucasus and the oil which
in the hands of Hitler's cohorts
might mean a ten-year war-even if
the Allies could offset his advances
with a second front.
However, instead of immediately
concentrating on the Caucasus at-
tack, the hermans threw their heavi-
est tank attacks of the summer at
Kursk, south of Moscow, and in some
sectors pushed their advantage near
Kharkov. There remained little doubt
that the Nazis held the upper hand
in Russia temporarily, and that if
they should use it with all the ma-
terial at hand Hitler's hard campaign
might yet prove really fruitful.
Although the Nazis scored notable
successor on these two principal
fronts, they were nevertheless con-
scious of trouble brewing in other
directions. Second front talk forced
the Nazis to increase their French
garrison to almost record size. The
RAF again threw flight after ,flight,
squadron after squadron, of bombers
and fighters at German sub bases
and occupied French ports.
General Charles De Gaulle of the
Free French made a statement which
finally committed that government
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4


GAIN the Holy Land is caught in
the jaws of war. To the north
in Russia, to the west on Crete, to

1. It would give the Axis complete
domination of the Mediterranean
shores and Suez.
2. It is one step nearer the vast oil

miracle they crossed the Red Sea over
into Palestine-The Promised Land.
First they were ruled by generals,
then judges, then kings as they

growl over lands where once angels
sang and a star guided the Magi to
the birthplace of the Prince of Peace,

from the rpligio-racial warfare that
has been almost continuous.
In 1917, it was Britain's Lord Al-
-lenby who challenged the Turks' of-