SUNDAY, JUNE 21, 1942 'THIE -MTCHI AN DAIL.Y PA m yr . ar .ez a. a1 a The Week In Review Foreign~Allies Suffer Setbacks After last week's exciting victory' near Midway the United Nations set- tled down to a comparatively calm, but bitter struggle on all fronts. Un-1 fortunately, the bulk of the news was slightly unfavorable as the Axis surged into large-scale offensives on two fronts. In Russia the' Nazis opened a pounding offensive on the great Black Sea naval bastion of Sevasto- pol, and at last reports, had broken thitugh several of the outer defenses. Soviet sources described this great- est of German assaults on their last large Black Sea port as one complete- ly reckless of lives lost and materials used. Along the once bitterer front near Kharkov things were considerably quieter although occasional tank bat- tles indicated mutual feints to de- tect weakness. Still farther north on the Kalinin front Moscow reported that Red troops had retaken several positions of minor importance. Libyan Flare-Up . . . Meanwhile a struggle almost for- gotten except in Britain where its in- portance is never forgotten flared into page one headlines. Most of the Mediterranean Sea saw either land, sea, or air battles-some of them mixed. From- this important theatre of war came the most encouraging news of the ,week. After Italian radio stations had broadcast scare stream- ers about a huge British convoy loss, Allied communiques broke news about hugely successful air raids on Italian fleet units--raids far more devastating than those on the Brit- ish convoys. Led by ex-commercial pilot Alfred F. Kalberer, U.S. B-24 Liberators scored 35 hits on two of Mussolini's, battleships only a day after they had aided the RAF in the sinking of an Italian cruiser and two destroyers and the further damaging of two other cruisers and destroyers. The main Italian fleet was ap- parently attempting to halt huge Tobruk-bound convoys which the British claim it never saw. Mean- while the Italian radio continued to tell of tremendous convoy losses through air action-losses which the British admitted only in small part. Appearance of American planes in the Mediterranean is an indication that the Army Air Forces are fully committed.to a policy of concentra- tion in areas where the Allies are fighting particularly heavy, decisive engagements. Between the claims and counter- claims of London and Rome one thing was obvious. Both sides are hurriedly throwing every spare man and machine into the struggle around strategic, much-besieged Tobruk. In preliminary battles the forces of one of the war's outstanding gen- erals, Nazi No. 1 tank man General Liberator . . MAJ. ALFRED F. KALBERER Rommel, surged back and forth be- fore finally taking command earlyl last week. Trapping the British Eighth Army in positions which it had selected as strategically superior, the Nazi arm- ored columns have since taken con- trol -largely say London sources be- cause of the final loss of the amaz- ing American-built "General Grant" tanks. Only these heavily armored vehicles have been able to hold off the new German tank types. Now preparing a renewed assault on Tobruk the Nazis stand ready this week to put their full strength into a push which they hope will eventu- ally carry them into Egypt. The new Axis emphasis on these two fronts seems part of a plan to drive into the Near East from two directions. One army would force its way through Egypt to the great land bridge beyond Suez and the other ha of this giant pincers would sten roller its way into the Caucasus. Ever more needed petro- leum awaits the Nazis in both places, Jap Mystery .** All this activity by Germany and its dissatisfied stooge Italy failed to spur on their Axis cousin, Japan. Rocked back on their collective heels the Japanese apparently have been unable to rebound from the terrific shock of the defeat off Midway. Inactive as they are on the sea, the crafty Nipponese are still authors of the niftiest mystery of the week. Nobody knows what's going on in the Aleutians, especially on fogbound Attu, closest American-owned soil to the Imperial Empire. U.S. officials have assured the nation that the Japanese attacked Port Moresby with more force than usual as driven off, bLn there is still no re- port of the dislodging of the landing force reported on Attu. Air attacks on Australia also were considerably stepped up as Port Dar- win felt the impact of some of the heaviest raids in several months. The Japanese also attacked Port Mores- by with more force than usual as U.S. Flying Fortresses continued their extensive forays over Rabaul on the northern side of New Guinea and potential Jap invasion ports in the Solomons. Planes For China . . . The Japanese moves most fraught with significance, however, were in SChina where their hard-going of- fensive continued to gain ground from planeless, but courageously fighting Chinese regulars. In an at- tempt to forestall this desperate Nip- ponese attempt to seize all eastern China air bases before U.S. planes can use them, American Army offi- cials announced that the appoint- ment of a U.S. bomber command in China--added to the pursuit group of the gallant AVG Flying Tigers- would soon bring more than token air support to the long-suffering Chinese. First arrivals of the new command were technicians and ground crews. The only other big story of the week in the Far East was an atrocity story by H. R. Knickerbocker which told of harrowing treatment of men who surrendered oi Corregidor. Another story was still on the fire as many informed observers reported that a now quiet Russian border may soon become the scene of new Jap- anese aggression, soon meaning the minute the Red army weakens un- der Hitler's persistent pressure in the West. War From inside.. Amidst all this warfare declared and undeclared Europe's never quiet army of saboteurs-not for money, but for freedom-continued to suc- ceed and suffer the consequences. Thousands of Poles were sent to Germany as slave laborers, hun- dreds of Czechs died as a penalty for the death of their oppressor, Reinhard Heydrich, and hundreds more Yugoslavians perished with the knowledge that their guerilla army was still one of Hitler's greatest head- aches-certainly his toughest Balkan problem. --Hale Champion Interview Domestic-~-Surprise I i terrn eci The capital of the United States bined ability-to-pay and equalit, became just as definitely the capital sacrifice basis by limiting private of the United Nations this week as comes to $25,000; 2) to speed up Prime Minister Churchill-for the tax program by separating the ep o rter second time in six months-appeared creased excise tax section from suddenly in Washington, this time rest of the bill and putting it b following closely on the heels of Rus- the House immediately. (Editor 's Note: Free from the Nazi sia's Foreign Commissar Molotov At a press conference early i censorship under which he worked for and Greece's King George II. week the President pointed out more than two years as a foreign cor- Although most observers were not day of delay was costin respondent, Clinton B. "Pat,' Conger, every dyo ea a otn a former Daily editor, has supplied too surprised that the Roosevelt-Mol- - The Michigan Daily with the informa- otov conferences should lead to ad- tion for this story on inside Germany. ditional talks between the President Out Of The Blue . . . Youngest inember of a family of jour- adteoencosn rts rm nalists, Conger is 25 years old.) and the ocean-crossing British Prime Minister, it was far from certain German civilian morale is at its what conclusions would be reached lowest ebb of the war today, but in- in the discussions. ternal collapse, rather than internal With the White House keeping its official mouth tightly closed, Wash- .evolt. is the development to be ington and London speculators were hoped for inside Germany, Pat Con- divided as to the probable outcome. ger, United Press correspondent re- Predominant feeling in the former cently returned from Germany told city was that the talks would follow The Daily ,yesterday. the tenor of the U.S.-Russian con- ferences and, thus, be concerned with "The morale of the German ci- the establishment of a second front vilians has suffered one blow after as quickly as possible. another from their own leaders since Stories out of the English capital, last November," Conger said. "It -inspired by the recent British re- seems almost as if Goebbels has lost versals in North Africa-directly con- y-of- e in- ) the e in- the efore n the that g the Sunday at the Wolverine 209 SOUTH STATE Soup Cream of New Asparagus Chilled Tomato or Grapefruit Juice 9 Radishes, Olives, Mixed Pickles 9 Fried Enjointed Chicken, Southern Style Roast Prime Ribs of Beef, Natural Gravy Potatoes Roasted or New Potatoes in Crearn Buttered Corn - June Peas Head Lettuce and Sliced Tomato Salad or California Fruit Salad Hot Rolls and Butter Tea, Coffee, Milk, Iced Tea Ice Cream Guest Price 55 C his touch. "Hitler started it last November with a speech warning the Germans that the revolt of 1918 couldn't hap- pen again, because, as he said, the Gestapo now reaches into every Ger- man home. Then two days after Pearl Harbor the German people,! who had been promised total victory in 1940, and again in 1941, were told by their own High Command that the German Army. which had al- ready "annihilated" the Russian Army twice on Goebbels' score-sheet. had gone on the defensive for the duration of the winter. Sacrifices Were Inconveniences' "Two days later came the declara- tion of war on the United States, and the German people, who figured they had their hands full with Great Britain and the Russians, couldn't figure that one out. At Christmas time Goebbels told the German peo- ple, in his drive to collect heavy mit- tens and fur coats for the army, that they didn't even know the meaning of the word 'sacrifice' yet--that their two and a half years of hardship had only been inconveniences-and that now they were going to begin to sac- rifice." In January and-February, Conger said, the German people gradually realized that their armies were not only on the defensive but on the re- treat, in spite of the tricky wording of communiqueswhich went so far as to describe a retreat in North Africa in November in these words: "In North Africa the Axis troops continued to break off contact with the enemy according to plan. In March civilian morale took an- other severe blow from the drastic reduction in meat, fat, and bread ra- tions which, they had been told at the start of the war, had been so ad- justed to remain at the same level for the duration. A few days later, Hitler made his curious, inexplicable speech to the Reichstag in which, ra- ther than promising them total vic- tory in 1942 or a summer victory over fthe Russians, he said that the Ger- man railways, which had virtually collapsed during the winter, would "meet their problems better next winter." Never before, Conger said, had Hitler even acknowledged that there would be another winter that early in the year. 'Volk' Wants Negotiated Peace "Throughout this period," Conger said, "German propaganda had been very weak, trying to keep the people pepped up on news of Japanese ad- vances when they wanted to hear about their own troops. Hitler's dec- laration of war on us had the effect of putting even Goebbels' internal propaganda on the defensive, be- cause the main reaction to it was one of despondency. The Germans who believed in the promises of 'total vic- tory' now hope, if for anything, for a negotiated peace, an armed truce, or a peace of exhaustion, and the Nazi leaders still make the psychological mistake of thinking the United States and Great Britain can be in- duced to negoitate a peace which will leave the Nazi regime in power in Germany. "Despite the lowmorale, however. we're kidding ourselves if we expect the German people to revolt and throw out Hitler in the near future. In the first place, a revolution can no longer be staged with pitchforks and scythes against machine-guns, and the army is the only organiza- tion in Germany today with the weapons necessary to throw out the Nazi party and its own blackshirted SS army, Nazi Psychology Proaganda "In the second place, Nazi propa- ganda has been fairly successful in building up a psychosis of desperation professed the belief that Churchill would ask for American reinforce- ments in the Mediterranean area even though it meant delaying the second front until sometime in 1943. Some British sources even went so far as to hint that Russia would not react unfavorably to such a proposal: but most informed observers agree that the two things Stalin wants, most right now are: materials and a second front. Regardless of what concrete deci- sions are arrived at by the leaders of the two English-speaking nations, it is certain that their talks will de- termine the course of the war for some time to come and that the dem- ocratic world may be won or lost by what is decided in them. Congress Delays Tax Bill Although it gives one the feeling of kicking somebody who is lying very, very flat on his back, it be- comes necessary once again to accuse Congress of being responsible for one of the most serious and unnecessary drags on the war effort. For after more than three months of debate and delay, the House Ways and Means Committee has yet to intro- duce the much-needed tax bill to the floor of the House. The Committee-spent most of this week turning down two Presidential proposals: 1) to proceed on a com- f£ WINSTON CHURCHILL Treasury (and therefore the nation's war effort) a great deal of money. He said he hoped he received a bill "sometime this year." The people hoped so. too, while an already irate Congress became even more so. Base Pay Is Boosted The men in the armed forces and their dependents both benefitted at the hands of Congress this week as the minimum base pay for soldiers, sailors and marines was boosted to $50 a month and the wife of a service man was promised $22 a month from her husband and $28 from the gov- ernment. The latter bill also stipulated that the government would pay $12 per month for the support of one child and $10 for each additional child. Both bills are retroactive to June 1. Rubber Drive Gets Started This week saw the beginning of what many a car-driving citizen prayed would be an immensely suc- cessful scrap rubber drive; for, look- ing into the future, he saw that strict, nation-wide gas rationing was not Capital Visitors far off if the governuent was un- satisfied with the amount of old tires, water bottles and flooi mats turned in to the nation's 400.000 gas stations. He also knew that, without tre- mendous quantities of rubber we would never have the pincs. the tanks anl the ships to win the war. By the end of the week the Michigan State Defense Council estimated at least 4,500.000 pounds of old rubber had been collected in this st ate alone -and it did not include lMiles of rub- ber which still remained ii the hands of gasoline dealers. Aircraft'a Carries sAe Fit In passing the larget Nval au- thorization bill - -$8. Js0000.000 n1- the history of the United Sttesth House of Representtives stipulated that most of the money would be used in the construction of aircraf t carriers. 6 Explaining that work on battle- ships-ordinarily the largest sinrle item in a naval appropriat ions; bill - would be postponed in favor of car- riers, Chairman Carl Vinson of the Naval Committee pointel out that recent battles in the Pacific have shown the aircraft carrier to be the "backbone of the Navy. So for the first time in history the old "battle- wagon" takes a back, se-t Hudson Strike Is Ended Detroit-- fast becoming the nation's cradle of inequality--broke loose again in a flurry of racial discrimina- tion as severai thousand workers at the Hudson Naval Orinace Arsenal went on strike because thev were asked to work with eight Negroes,. Naval and union officiais brought the trouble to a rapid close, how- ever. by firing four men and threat.- ening the rest with dismissal and ex- pulsion from the union. WPB To ieorganize Following a Snaecoimmittee charge that the War 'roduction Board,'sr$1-a-year men are guilty of "temporizing, moderation and de- lay," the WPB announced a "thor- ough, fundamental" reorganizaion. Senator Harry Truman, chairman of the committee, declared that WPB had fallen short of its duti and should have a "change in both or- ganization and personnel" in many of its branches. -Homer Swander. f4 "COOL FROS ACCESSORIES iTED qi ill I! 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