Weather Partly Cloudy ig Official Publication Of The Summer Session ~iaiti Editorial Civilian Adjustment To The Draft ... VOL. L. No. 43 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 20, 1941 Z-23 PRICE FIVE CENTS Army Chiefs Plan Average Service Time : f18 Months Officials Expect 200,000 Draftees, Guardsmen Released By Christmas . Estimates Subject To War Conditions WASHINGTON, Aug. 19.-(IP)-Se-. lectees and National Guardsmen will beheld in service an average of less than 18 months, instead of the 30- month hitch authorized by law, the Army announced today. Military sources said the statement, which also asserted almost 200,000 selectees, . Guardsmen and others' would be released before Christmas, should give a pronounced "lift'- to, troop morale. The scheduled releases are subject to the condition that 'this country does not become more involved in the international situation." However, the hope was expressed it would not be necessary to hold any individual now in training for the full term per- missible under the Service Extension1 Bill signed by President Roosevelt yesterday. Civilian Is Named The Army statement, coupled witht the unusual announcement that a] civilian, Frederick H. Osborn of New_ York City, wouild become chief of the Army morale branch with the rank,of Brigadier General, was regarded as evidence of an effort by Army leaders to end criticism that morale in many Army camps was at low ebb. r Mr. Roogevelt sent to the Senate the nomin tion of Osborn, a corpora-1 tion executive and social scientit, as successor to Brigadier General James A. Ulio. General Ulio, it was stated, will undergo an operation shortly which will keep him from active duty for several months.1 .'Out By Christmas'c Almost 200,000 trainees, Guards-c men and officers of the reserve andc Niational Guard who were broughtc into Federal service before the end of 1940 will be 'out of the trenchesI by Christmas.' "Dependency and hardship cases," trainees who werec 28 or older July 1 and married men who ask releases will be discharged in that order of priority. Other selectees and Guardsmen will be released "after an average ofI about 18 months total service, somet as early as 14 months," the depart-c ment said.4 Some Army sources expressed the view the high command was seekingR to allay apprehension i Army can- tonments that the 30-month limit_ was an arbitrarily fixed term of ser- vice. "The men now have ssurance that they will be kept only ~s long as ab- solutely necesary for national de- fense," one officer said. Applications Necessary Those to be released before Christ- mas must make applications to their commanding officers. It was also specified men would not be released while their units were participating in maneuvers or other special train-t ing, except in case of dependency, hardship or other emergency. En-t listed trainees and Guardsmen who wish to remain in service longer thanI 12 months may do so either by enlist- ing :for a three-yer "hitch" in thec regular army or by voluntarily ex-i tending their training to the full 30t months premitted by law. " However, regular Army soldiers now are not being permitted to re- enlist unless they have become non- commissioned officers or specialists or have demonstrated ability which would warrant promotion to non- commissioned officer status. The same standard is hereafter to be ap- plied to menwho are 28 years old or older; whether they be selectees or National Guardsmen. Myers To Deliver **1 Education Lecture The last talk in the School of Edu- cation Summer Series will be given at 4 p.m. today in the University High School Auditorium. Dr. George E. Myers will be the speaker. His topic "The Nature and Scope of Pupil Personnel Work" is a fitting close to the Series. Senator Byrd Demands Complete I Reorganization Of DefenseEffort Congressman Hits Production System, Warns Senate That Everything Must Yield To Rearmament o. Odessa Under Siege, Fall Immmient, Nazis Report; Russians Admit Setbacks WASHINGTON, Aug. 19.-()- Senator Byrd (Dem.-Va.) today de- manded a complete reorganizatibh'i of the defense production system and told the Senate "social gains" and "everything else" must yield to the rearmament effort. "America has the capacity in labor and raw materials to outproduce any nation in the production of mechan- ized equipment," he said. "In that job for the past two years we have failed and miserably failed, and the sooner we as a nation realize it the Invitations Sent For Farewell Dinner Formal Latin-American Students To Be Honored Guests At Function Tomorrow Ecuadorians, Chileans and Venez- uelans of the Latin-American Sum- mer Session of the International Cen- ter will be honored guests at a formal dinner to be given for them by the University at 7 p.m. tomorrow in the Union. Invitations to attend the function have been sent to Regent and MYs. Franklin W. Cook, Regent Esther Cram and Mr. Leroy Cram, Regent and Mrs. David H. Crowley, Regent and Mrs. Charles F. Hemans, Regent and Mrs. J. Joseph Herbert, Regent and Mrs. Harry G. Kipke, Regent and Mrs. John D. Lynch and Regent and Mrs. Edmund C. Shields. President Alexander G. R~uthven has been sent an invit.tion, and the committee in charge of the Latin- American Summer Session will be present, including Dr. Louis A. Hop- kins, Director of the Summer Session, who will speak for the University; Dean of Students Joseph A. Bursley who will present the students with certificates; Prof. J. Raleigh Nelson, director of the International Center, who will receive a gift to the Uni- versity from the group; Prof. Philip Bursley; counselor to new students; and Mr. Wilfred Shaw, director of alumni relations. Also invited are the deans of the various schools and colleges in which the Latin-Americans have taken work during the summer, and the professors under whom they have studied or who have addressed them as lecturers during the Session. The staff and Latin-American students of the English Language Center have also been sent invitations. Murphy'Takes Reds To nazis Tells K. Of C.l Germians Are Greater Meace . . ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. Aug. 19.- (/P)-Justice. Frank Murphy of the Supreme Court of the United States told the ,Kights of Columbus tonight that Russia, despite its Communism, should have the support of democ- racies in its fight with Germany. In a speech prepared for 1,500 delegates representing 419,000 mem- bers of this Catholic fraternity, Jus- tice Murphy asserted the Nazis con- stituted a greater threat to the church than did the Communists. "For men and women who cherish freedom of religion and the other fundamentals of democratic rule," said the jurist, "there is little to choose between the Communism of Soviet Russia and the Naziism of Germany. We want neither in this country. kas "But we know that Naziism, with its superior competence and pervert- ed intelligence, its extraordinary en- ergy and missionary zeal, its pro- found belief in racial superiority and destiny, its fanatical intolerance and, above all, its tremendous military power and skill, is by far the greater menace to free nations and free in- stitutions. It is at present the real menace." Hershey Says More Men Will Have To Be Drafted SOUTH BEND, Ind., Aug. 19.-GP) better we can remedy 'our mistakes and go forward." He called for suspending of the 40- hour work-week and substituting of a full week working basis. Moreover, he charged not a single Army camp has an adequate supply of military equipment. "Confusion, due to conflicting and overlapping authority exists to such ma degree at Washington as virtually to stymie the whole defense pro- gram," he said, adding that the Of- fice of Production Management and the Office of Price Adpiinistration and Civilian Supply were: "Engaged in a bitter battle behind the scenes, and by Executive order they have been given conflicting au- thority." The entire defense program should be placed under a single head, he asserted. Meanwhile, it developed President Roosevelt had appointed Judge Sam- uel I. Rosenman of the New York Supreme Court to make a study of differences of opinion that have arisen between OPM and OPACS. Rosenman is an old associate of Defense Work Coordinator Is C. S. Schoepfle Applicable Courses Here To Be Supervised By Professor Of Chemistry Prof. Chester \S. Schoepfle, chair- man of the Department of Chemistry, has been named coordinator of all University courses relating to defense by the Defense Committee of the Deans' Conference. . Professor Schoepfle is at the pres- ent ,time directing a study of all courses being offered by the Univer- sity which are directly applicable 'to defense. It is believed by University officials that many courses will be valuable to the defense effort as they are offered now, while others may easily be adapted to such a purpose. Prof. Arthur E. R. Boak of the history department, Prof. Arthur W. Bromage of the political science de- partment, and Prof. Charles F. Re- mer of the Department of Economics have been appointed by the Defense Committee to plan a course in sev- eral departments designed to provide an intelligent background to the present world situation. Details of this course, which will be open to students in several schools and colleges of the University, will be announced at a later date. For the past year defense problems of the University have been handled by a special committee of the Deans' Conference. Members of this special defense committee are Dr. Louis A. Hopkins, director of the Summer Session, chairman; Dean James B. Edmonson of the School of Education; and Vice- President Clarence S. Yoakum, dean of the graduate school. Professor Schoepfle and the new planning committee will serve as agencies of this Defense Committee. War To Continue To '43 If Needed, Roosevelt Asserts WASHINGTON, Aug. 19. -(P)- President Roosevelt asserted today the war would continue through 1943, if necessary, and that Britain and the United States would make a sur- vey of needs and production through that year. That was a subject he had up. Mr. Roosevelt told a press conference, at a luncheon meeting today with Lord Beaverbrook, British supply minister. Mr. Roosevelt told reporters he thought his sea conference with Win- ston Churchill would result in what a newsman called more punch in helping the democracies of the world. "Did the Prime Minister seem con- fident that Britain could win without our help?" the Chief Executive was asked. Mr. Roosevelt said he did not think that kind of a question was useful. It was what he termed too headliney, without having sufficient substance. }, . the President and was generally con- sidered a member of the original New Deal brain trust. Stephen Early, Mr. Roosevelt's secretary, said he had volunteered to help while his court was in its summer recess. On some matters of policy there is known to have been disagreement be- tween OPM and OPACS. This was particularly true of the proposed re- ductior of automobile manufacture to permit expanded defense produc-' tion. OPACS thought the transfor- mation should be made relatively quickly. The other favored a slower changeover., Reports of an impending reorgani- zation of the defense production sys- tem persisted, meanwhile. Byrd said that since the beginning of the Europe n war the Nation had spent nearly $10,000,000,000 for na- tional defense, yet up until now no anti-aircraft gun or tank had gone to England and but few merchant ships had been sent. The Virginian gave this picture of production in various categories of armament: Tanks-"After two years, our tank production up-to-date is practically negligible." Anti-aircraft guns-"Today, all of the anti-aircraft guns of modern de- sign we have could not protect effec- tively a single city in the United States. In this vital weapon our two- year prodution has been negligible." The Navy-"We need desperately a two-ocean Navy of at least 700 major vessels, this we will not have until 1946, five years hence, unless extra- ordinary means are adopted to speed production." Merchant ships-"Production in 1941 is hardly more than the gross sinkings by the Germans in one of the heaviest casualty months. This number (105) is woefully short of the need, and immediate steps must be taken to speed this production up. Planes-"The state of production of combat planes is one of the most discouraging chapters in our national defense program." Japanese- Say No Americans Are Hostages British Subjects Are Also Having Trouble Trying To Depart From Japan TOKYO, Aug. 19. -01)- British subjects trying to leave Japan are meeting the same frustrations as are Americans, it was learned today as the whole subject became more and more complicated. Responding to the official Ameri- can statement that Japan had given no satisfactory explanation of the refusal to permit 100 United States citizens *.to leave aboard the liner President Coolidge, a Japanese gov- ernment spokesman disclaimed any intention to hold Americans as hos- tages. The spokesman, Koh Ishii, de- clared the questiori of American exit depended upon certain "inconveni- ences" in Japanese-American rela- tions, but implied these did not in- volve trade, political or other inter- national issues. Just what was involved was left in doubt, but in another connection the Japanese generally continued to ex- press concern over U.S. aid to Rus- sia. Ishii himself stated Japan could not remain indifferent to such help. For, he added, "the fact cannot be overlooked that it (aid to Russia) has at least the effect of reinforcing Soviet troops in the Far East." German Troops In Vicinity Of Novgorod, Moscow Reports; Wings Holding Reds Strike Back As Enemy Rests MOSCOW, Wednesday, Aug. 20.- (P)-The Red Army command ack- nowledged today that German troops had reached the vicinity of Novgorod, 50 miles deeper into Russia on the Leningrad front than previously re- ported German penetration. Novgorod is 100 miles south of Len- ingrad and 50 miles northeast of Soltsi, where previous heavy fighting had been reported. The communique also reported stubborn battles at Odessa on the Black Sea, and in the Gomel and Kingisepp areas. Gomel is on the central front 140 miles north of Kiev. Kingisepp, from which Russian troops have withdrawn is 75 miles southwest ,of Leningrad. Claim Orderly Retreat A high command statement that fighting continued on the entire front indicated that wherever Russian troops were falling back the retreat. was orderly. The new German advance toward Novgorod appeared to be part of a two-pronged drive on Leningrad. The column at Kingisepp was nearest the city but German troops in the Nov- gorod area apparently were trying to get into position to cut Leningrad off from Moscow in a typical German encirclement move. Both Wings Holding Reports late last night had pictured both the northern and southern wings of the Russian line as holding. Red counter-attacks, loosed in the periods when the ,invaders sought rest, were declared to be severely punishing the Germans. In one such sortie a Russian cav- alry regiment claimed to have routed two battalions of Nazi SS troops, sending them into a 10-mile retreat. In another, a Red detachment was said to have advanced several miles, putting to disorderly flight two Ger- man infantry battalions. More than 400 Nazis were reported killed in bayonet charges, and at least a thou- sand wounded. The battle for Leningrad, the So- viet Union's second city and greatest naval base, involved a German-Finn- ish column striking down from the north and a Nazi column beating eastward from the Estonian theater. Two More Bodies Iound On Panuco (See Picture On Page 3) NEW YORK, Aug. 19.-(A')-Fire- men recovered two charred bodies today from the deck of the fire- ravaged Cuba Mail Line freighter Panuco, but at nightfall, 30 hours after the swift destruction of the 3,570-ton ship, its cargo and pier, the death toll was still undetermined. There were. five known dead and 72 injured, of whom 32 remained in hospitals. Four-possibly five-mem- bers of the ship's crew of 35, and about 35 longshoremen were missing. A special board of inquiry heard testimony that a spark from a lighter might have caused the Brooklyn wa- ter front blaze which did an esti- mated $1,500,000 damage. f ? Churchill Back At Home Again A f ter Voyage Busy Morning Follows Arrival In London With Cigar LONDON, Aug. 19.--(P-Wreathed in smiles and cigar smoke, Prime; Minister Churchill returned home today from his historic Atlantic con- ference with,President Roosevelt and' in short order did all these things: Told the war cabinet about the3 meeting at sea and the agreement to speed the war of extermination against Naziism Arranged to tell the public about it in a radio address next Sunday night (3 p.m., EST); Went to see a movie of the con- ference; Had luncheon with King George and gave him a personal letter from Roosevelt.1 The time and place of Churchill's arrival had not been announced. Nevertheless, a crowd was there when he bounded off the train which brought him from the port at whichj the battleship Prince of Wales had landed him yesterday. High military officials and cabinet members, a bit red-eyed from arising at an unaccustomed hour, were wait- ing on the platform, and so were several hundred ordinary citizens. U.S. Ambassador John G. Winant tried vainly to get through. Churchill, puffing his big cigar like a destroyer under forced draught, elbowed through to greet the Ambas- sador. In passing he commended A. V. Alexander, First Lord of the Admiralty, for the Navy's handling of the Atlantic voyage. Senators See Commitment To War Policy Johnson, Clark Question a Means, ConstitutionalityI Of 8-Point Statement WASHINGTON, Aug. 19. -()- Charges were made and denied in the Senate today that President Roose- velt had committed the United States to a policy of war in his historic con- ference with Winston Churchill. Senator Hiram Johnson (Rep. - Calif.) charged the 8-pOint state- ment of Anglo-American peace aims issued by the Prime Minister and the President could be carried out only by war. Senator Clark (Dem.-Mq,), his voice ringing, said that if the Presi- dent had promised the United States would go to war, "then the President of the United Sfates exceeded his Constitutional authority." Democratic leader Barkley of Ken- tucky, heatedly replied the statement was not a "military commitment in any sense of the word." He denied the President had violated the Con- stitution. Barkley started the discussion when he took the floor to assail a published report that the President and Churchill had discussed sending an American expeditionary 'force to aid England in invading Germany. "No such matter was discussed, or intimated, or even hinted at," Bark- ley continued. Answering questions of Senator Vandenberg (Rep.-Mich.), he added that while he could not speak for the President, he believed no commitments involving the United! States had been made to Churchill. "I take issue with that," Johnson interrupted, adding that it was as "plain as. the nose on a man's face" that a pledge of peace and liberty for tht world "after defeat of Naziism" could involve this country in war. All DSR Employes Told To Strike By AFL Union Red Troops In Area Are Encircled, Reports Say; Sink Troop Transports Eight Naval Ships Taken In Building BERLIN, Wednesday, Aug. 20.--(A) -The vital Black Sea port of Odessa stood under siege today, latest dis- paches from the front reporting the massed big guns of the German southern army assaulting encircled Russian troops there while the Luft- waffe ranged far over the sea ap- proaches and the Dnieper River to prevent escapes. Germans predicted the ,city's fall within days, if not within hours. Thirty-two Russian troop trans- ports were said to have been sunk or damaged in continuous raids to pre- vent escape by/sea. The high command reported as- saults on "small individual bridge- heads on the lower Dnieper" still held by Soviet troops and declared the en- tire territory west of the wide river was now in German hands. Soviet Ldsses Heavy Soviet losses along the lower Dnie- per were said to have been particu- larly heavy. The high command re- ported 60,000 prisoners, 84 armored cars and 530 cannon were taken. German planes struck at airports across the Dnieper, DNB said, and destroyed 40 Soviet plans on fields on the east bank. A thousand miles to the north, German divisions which had fought their way northward on both sides of Lake Peipus joined forces at Narva for what they expect to be a final thrust at Leningrad. The attacks on Leningrad and Odessa, Russia's chief Baltic and Black Sea outlets, overshadowed fighting on the central front, where no changes in positions of German troops driving on Moscow have been reported. Germany's potential naval power was reported tremendously increased by the Black Sea campaign. The high command said a 35,000-ton battle- ship, a 10,000-ton cruiser, four de- stroyers and two submarines, all un- der construction at the shipbuilding port of Nikolaev, had fallen into Ger- man hands with capture of the city Sunday. Russian troops at Odessa were said by the Germans to be fighting des- perately after losing every possible way of retreat by land or sea. Eight Transports Sunk An authorized spokesman said eight Russian transports amounting to 36,000 tons had been sunk and 24 transports totaling 127;000 tons had been damaged in Black Sea attacks. Occupation of Odessa, the high command said, would complete Ger- man conquest of the western Ukraine, an area about the size of Kansas. There was no mention, however, of the Ukrainian capital of Kiev, on the west bank of the Dnieper 290 miles north of Odessa. Kiev was still in Russian hands, but German troops have been reported at several points in its inmediate vicinity. British Bomb North France Two Relays Sent In Night Raid After Day Attack LONDON, Wednesday, Aug. 20.- ()-Two relays of British bombers again attacked Nazi targetsin north- ern France last night after daylight operations in which the Air Ministry said 12 German planes were shot down and many vessels were hit at Ostend, Belgium. One of the Nazi ships was left sinking, the communique said. The British acknowledged losing 15 planes, three bombers and twelve fighters in these operations. Railway yards at Hazebrouck were blasted and docks at Dunkerque and Boulogne attacked. In raids on Cologne and Duisburg Former Student Tells Of Life In U.S. Civiian Seryice Camp (Elitor's Note: Charles Koethen, a former University student, is fulfill- ing the two and a half years demanded of him by the Government in a Civil- ian Service Camp for conscientious objectors near Merom, Indiana. In a letter to a friend here Koethen tells about the life in a C. o. Camp.) By CHARLES KOETHEN Democr'acy is one of the most difficult of all ideals to put into prac- tice. Those of us who comfortably contemplated and discussed democ- racy in Ann Arbor, Cleveland, Cin- cinnati and Chicago have never real- tion is fairly typical of the entire camp. The day I arrived here I was some- what apprehensive of our reception by the community which adjoins camp property. I,have since learned through weeks of contact with the townspeople, that not only are they tolerant of our view, but that the community offers a splendid field for social studies, and may be included in our application of Democracy when we get it running smoothly in our own C.O. group.