Weather
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Official Publication Of The Summer Session
.ati
Editorial
For Improvements
On The Campus
Continued Cool; Showers
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VOL. LI. No. 42
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN TUESDAY, AUGUST 19, 1941
Z-323
IPRICE FIVE CENTS
I i
F. D. R. Signs Bills
Cutting Draft Age,
Extending Period
President Empowered To Keep Draftees
For 18 Months; 28-Year-Olds Exempt
WASHINGTON, Aug. 18.-(P)-The Army's top draft age was officially
lowered to 28 today and at the same time the way was cleared for an order
extending the service periods of the army's rank and file by 18 months.
With swift strokes of his pen President Roosevelt signed into law two
measures revising the draft age and affegting the lives of millions of young
men.
The first granted mandatory deferment from the draft to men who
were 28 years old last July 1. Registrants whose 28th birthday falls after
that date will be liable for induction up until the following Juy 1 when
they, too, will receive automatic mandatory deferment.
The second, source of prolonged controversy in Congress and approved
by only one vote in the House, gives
Mr. Roosevelt authority to keep' se-
lectees, National Guardsmen, Reserv- Formal Dinner
ists and enlisted men in service for
as much as 18 months beyond the W ill Be Served
period for which they weetinducted
It as elivedanexeutie ode
extending the service of these -men, Thursday
with some possible exceptions, would
be issued by Mr. Roosevelt soon. La* A eStd t
Permits Swift Expansion
The service extension measure also To Be Guests In Union
will permit a swift expansion of the For Farewell Banquet
Army should the danger of war be-
come more imminent or actual hos- A formal farewell dinner honoring
tilities involve this country. It elim- the students of the Latin-American
i'nated the previous limit of 900,000 Summer School will be held at 7 p.m.
on the number of trainees who may' Thursday in the Union for the stu-
be in service at any one time. dents from Ecuador, Chile and Vene-
Officials estimated that' approxi- zuela who have been studying in
mately 8,000,000 men received as- that group here this summer.
surance of deferment from the draft Invitations have been sent to the
(unless the United States gets into University Regents, President Alex-
war, when, presumably,. the draft ander G. Ruthven, deans of the var'i-
age would be increased) by the Pres- ous colleges and to "faculty members
ident's approval of the bill deferring who have directed or aided members
28-year-old registrants. of the group in their work during
Possible Early Return the' session. .
In addition, there a~e about 130,- A program will follow the dinner
000 men already in the Army, who with Dr. Louis A. Hopkins, Director
were 28 beforethey ;wereminducted, of the Summer Session, speaking, as
for whom they legislation offers a well as representatives of each Latin-
prospect of possible early return to American country represented. A gift
private life. The measur authorizes will be presented the University by
the Secretar of War to release such the students with Prof. J. Raleigh
men from active duty "as soon as Nelson, director of the International
practicable" if this will not! disrupt Center, making the acceptance
the Army or its training. Gen. George speech. Certificates will be given
C. Marshall, the Army chief of staff, each Latin-American, student by
assured Congress that the "War De- Dean of Students Joseph A. Bursley.
partment would send such men home Prof. Hayward Keniston, chairman of
as early as possible and said the the romance languages department,
Army already was releasing about will be toastmaster.
2,000 "hardship" cases every month.
There will be no automatic releases.
Each man eligible for release must 1 1le ' To Tally
apply for it, and the cases will be
considered individually.A
Only those who were 28 at the
time they were inducted are eligible
for release, and their induction must Negotiable instruments will be the
have been prior to last July 1. topic of a discussion led by Prof.
* Ralph Aigler of the law school for
Planes Hit Red Retreat;
Nazis Near Leningrad-
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Berikn said Red forces were encircled at Odessa and Nikolaev (A),
with a Black Sea evacuation perhaps in the offing. Germany claimed
Russian units were cut off west of the Dnieper bend (B) and that the
Red Army would attempt to set up a defense (C) along the east bank
of the Dnieper.
* * *
i
Gel-man Claims:
BERLIN, Aug. 18.-(A')-The Ger-
man Air Force was declared tonight
to have put the whole of the Dneiper
River bend under heavy and unend-
ing assault to break up the Red re-
treat across that wide stream and
thus prevent it being converted into
the effective defense line it might be- I
come.
Heavy German raids also were said
to have made extremely difficult any
attempt by Russian troops to escape
by sea from the encircled port of
Odessa. DNB reported six Russian
transport vessels aggregating 15,000
tons were disabled in; a raid on Odessa
'Harbor. The agency said also a Rus-
sian cruiser and a torpedo boat were
heavily damaged.
In the field the Soviet Armies of
the Southern Ukraine were officially
described by the German High Com-
mand as defeated and in flight which
in some areas was "like a rout."
German bombs beat heavily, said
front reports, on the great industrial
area of 1Dnieperopetrovsk, which lies
but 80 miles northeast of the cap-
tured town of Krivoi Rog.
DNB said German panzer units
had occupied one small town in the
Dneiper bend Sunday; capturing or
destroying 100 trucks and "the entire
provisioning, supplies and facilities
for one division" as well as taking
500 prisoners.
In the Black Sea port of Nikolayev,
whose occupation by the Germans
(Continued on Page 4)
Finnish Columns
Near Leningrad
HELSINKI, Aug. 18.-(A)-Finnish
forces, storming down the west shore
of Lake Ladoga toward Leningrad
and a projected union with Germans
driving upon the city from the south,
have captured Kurkijoki, lake town
95 miles north of the Soviet Baltic
center, the High Command an-
nounced tonight.
Several other unspecified points
have been captured, the communique
said, adding that encircled Red Army
units were trying desperately but
.without success to break through the
tightening Finnish vise.
In the Kurkijoki sector alone two
Soviet divisions were smashed.
Soviet Admssions:
MOSCOW, Tuesday, Aug. 19.--(P)
-Red Army defenders, hard-put at
both ends of their bending western
front, have abandoned the town of
Kingisepp on the northern wing, put-
ting the Germans within 75 miles of
Leningrad, the Russians announced
officially early ,today.
Kingisepp is southwest of the
former capital of the Czars and
northeast of Lake Peipus, just inside
the province of Leningrad from the
Estonian frontier.
The Soviet Information Bureau
said the town was given up after a
bitter fight. It reported similar
heavy fighting raging elsewhere
along the entire sprawling front.
This retreat before Leningrad, the
Soviet Union's second city, came
within a day of the official an-
nouncement of the abandonment of
Nikolaev, big Black Sea naval and
grain port and Krivoi Rog, iron cen-
ter in the Ukraine on the southern
front.0
In the Baltic Sea the Russians re-
ported the sinking of a German sub-
(Continued on Page 3)
Many Killed,
Liner Gutted
In Pier Fire
Paniuco, Cargo Destroyed
By Brooklyn Waterfront
Blaze; $1,500,000 Lost
Sabotage Is Hinted
In New York Fire
NEW YORK, Ag. 18.-G )-A five-
alarm Brooklyn waterfront fire, ac-
companied by shattering explosions,
killed at least five men today, in-
jured several score others, and de-
stroyed the 3,570-ton Cuba Mail Line
cargo ship Panuco with its $600,000
cargo and the 875-foot long pier
where it was docked.
The New York Dock Company,
owner of the destroyed pier, said its
reports indicated nine persons were
killed and Coast Guard officials said
they would not be Surprised if that
were true.
Damage Set High
Total damage was estimated unof-
ficially at $1,500,000.
Many longshoremen, who were un-
loading the Panuco's highly-inflam-
mable cargo, leaped or were thrown
into New York Bay. Twenty-five
were fished from the water.
Four of the dead were taken from
the water, and the body of a fifth
man was seen aboard the Panco
which, cut adrift, zigzagged down
Buttermilk Channel and finally was
beached on the Red Hook Flats, a
mile and a half away.
Drifted Into The Bay
Men dangled from ropes along the
ship's side as it drifted into the bay
and dropped when rescue craft ap-
proached. Police launches brought
in 28 of the 45 crew members.
There were unconfirmed reports
some members of the crew and some
stevedores were trapped in the hold.
One stevedore, Joe Wilde, said "a
lot of men were trapped below decks.
I don't see how they could have got-
ten out."
Sabotage Is Investigated
Agents of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, the police depart-
ment's bomb and sabotage squad and
the District Attorney's Office investi-
gated the possibility of sabotage.
The tongues of flame-"streaks of
lightning" one observer called them-
shot out so quickly that officials were
uncertain whether the blaze started
in the ship, which a line official val-
ued or $500,000, or on the pier, which
was valued at $480,000.
The 24-year-old freighter, with a
general cargo including quicksilver,
cord, hemp, lead and copper, arrived
yesterday from Mexico. Unloading
was under way when tle fire started
at 10:40 a.m. (EST)..
RAF Raiders Strike
At Northern France
LONDON, Aug. 18.-WP)- RAF
bombers and fighters ranging over
the Channel and northern France
today sank three German patrol
boats off the Dutch coast, blasted
industrial targets at Lille and strafed
Nazi troops and an airdrome in Brit-
tany, the Air Ministry announced
tonight.
These big-scale assaults were fol-
lowed up tonight with an attack by
layer upon layer .of RAF raiders
against other German-held bases in
France. The night attackers re-
turned home an hour after swinging
out across the Channel.
Nippon Charges Washington Is Inciting
Russia In Far Eastern War Theatre
(By The Associated Press)
TOKYO, Tuesday, Aug. 19.-A new grave strain on already tense
Japanese-American relations over United States aid to Soviet Russia was
reflected in the press today after an hours-long conference between U.S.
Ambassador Joseph C. Grew and Foreign Minister Teijiro Toyoda on the
explosive situation.
With a million Red Army troops reported reliably to be mobilized on
the Siberian frontier (where Far Eastern advices say Japan likewise has
formidable forces), the newspaper Kokumin bluntly declared:
"As for reports that the United States and Britain will demand certain
assurances from the Soviet regarding pressure on Japan as a condition for
their aid to the Soviet against Germany in connection with the coming
* * * Moscow conference, Japan considers
U.S. Relations
With Japanese
Are At Stake
Grew's Report Is Expected
To Throw Some Light
On Pacific Problems
WASHINGTON, Aug. 18.-(P)-
The immediate outlook in the tense
relations of the United States and
Japan was believed here tonight to,
hinge 'on the outcome of long diplo-
matic conversations held in Tokyo
today.
Ambassador Joseph C. Grew's re-
port on his talk with the Japanese
Foreign Minister Teijiro Toyoda, was
expected to throw light dn at least
some of the vital problems in the
Pacific.
One point which grew was believed
to have discussed with the Foreign
Minister was Japan's refusal to per-
mit the S. S. President Coolidge to call
at a Japanese port and pick up more
than 100 private American citizens
who wish to leave the country. It had
been intended to send the President
Coolidge from Shanghai for the evac-
uation.
Secretary of State Hull said the
Japanese have not yet given a satis-
factory explanation for the action.
Hull conferred this afternoon with
the Thailand Minister, R. Pramoj,
presumably in connection with recent
indications that Japan might seek to
extend its military expansion pro-.
gram into that country bordering on
British Malaya.
- Although he declined to discuss his
talk with Secretary Hull, Minister
Pramoj recalled to newsmen that his
Government had expressed a desire
to remain on friendly terms with all
countries and a determination to de-
fend the nation against any attack.
Viscount Halifax, the British Am-
bassador, also called at the State De-
partment for a, farewell visit before
leaving in a few days for London. He
said he expected to return here in
September.
Sao Paulo Plane Overdue
RIO DE, JANEIRO, Aug. 1.-(A)-
PanAmerican Airways of Brazil an-
nounced tonight one of its planes
due at Sao Paulo this afternoon was
missing with a crew of four and nine
passengers, including Prof. Philip C.
Jessup of New York, internationally-
known lawyer and lecturer.
Russia Has Real Chance,
Congressmen Are Told
WASHINGTON, Aug. 18.-(A)-Af-
tr a 90-minute conference with
President Roosevelt, Congressional
leaders reported today they hadi
gained the impression Russia has a
real chance of holding but indefin-
itely against the Nazi military ma-
chine and that Russian resistance
probably will forestall any German
attempt to invade Great Britain this
year.
While asking pot to be quoted by
name, one of those present said the
President appeared to be cheerful
and confident following his recent
conversations at sea with Prime Min-
ister Churchill.
Democratic leader Barkley of the
Senate told reporters the Chief Exec-
utive gave the Congressional group
the full picture of his talks with
Churchill and discussed the advisa-
bility of an additional appropriation
for the lease-lend program.
Senator Connally (Dem.-Texas),
chairman of the Foreign Relations
Committee and another of the con-
sferees, said he did not believe the
Chief Executive had made any com-
mitments to Churchill "which in any
way would alter our position toward
the war; I do not believe we are' any
closer to actual involvement."
Dr. Trow Will ,Deliver
Guidance Lecture Today
Dr. William Clark Trow of the
School of Education will deliver a
talk at 4 p.m. today on "Socio-Psy-
ohA1nrir,1 Tnfluence in Guidnce. "
Confer
At
Tokyo
U. S. Ambassador,
Japanese Minister
the legal round table of the Latin-
American Summer Session at their
meeting at 2 p.m. today in Hutchins
Hall.
Thursday the group will hear Prof.
Laylin K. James of the law school on
corporations at 2 p.m. in Hutchins
Hall.
The women of the Latin-American
Summer Session of the International
Center will meet at 2 p.m. today at
Couzens Hall for their Red Cross
round table with fractures the topic
of the day.
At 8 p.m. Wednesday the medical
round table will meet at the Inter-
national Center to hear Dr. H. Mar-
vin Pollard of the medical school
speak on the gastroscope. His talk
will be illustrated with slides and a
discussion period will follow.
British Nation
To Get Report
By Churchill
(By The Associated Press)
London,, Aug. 19-Prime Minister
Churchill was reported reliably today
to have called a meeting of the War
Cabinet for a first hand account of
his secret discussions with President
Roosevelt.
He was speeding to London on a
special train after his arrival in Eng-
land on the Battleship Price of Wales.
Several members of the War Cabinet
prepared to greet him at the station
and accompany him to 10 Downing
Street for the cabinet session.
Arrangements were being made for
Churchill to broadcast to the nation
at the earliest opportunity. Brenden
Bracken, Minister of Information,
met the Prime Minister at the port
to discuss plans for the speech.
It was thought possible that, along
with many other subjects, his ad-
dress would deal with the possibility
of Soviet Russia's planning some
strong move in Iran (Persia) to halt
alleged German infiltration on that
route to India.
As to his unprecedented trip to sea,
it was revealed the Prime Minister
[ad inspected British and American
troops in Iceland on his way.
Mr. Roosevelt visited the Prince of
Wales only once-Sunday, Aug. 10.
He went aboard for religious services
and joined with the Prime Minister
in singing "Land of Hope and Glory"
and "Onward Christian Soldiers."
Hopkins Loses Fedora,
Finds Churchill's Fits
it injurious to the safety of her em-
pire and cannot remain unconcerned
fob her own defense.
"If the Americans and British ad-
here to the Japan encirclement front
in the name of aid to the Soviet,
Britain, the United States and the
Soviet will be charged with responsi-
bility for whatever situation may
arise in the future."
Chugai asserted that "if the United
States fails to find any proper route
to the Soviet except Vladivostok it
will have an inevitable influence on
the Far Eastern situation. Even if
British-American supplies fail actu-
ally to reach the Soviet the fact
cannot be overlooked that it has at
least the effect of reinforcing.Soviet
troops in the Far East.
May Influence Axis
Yomiuri said the Moscow confer-
ence may have great bearing on the
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis in view of
the American program for maximum
aid to Moscow.
A navy spokesman said at a press
conference that in addition to the
big army forces in Siberia, the Rus-
sians had 100 submarines and 110
speedboats at Vladivostok.
The conference of Grew and the
foreign minister coincided with two
long meetings between Eugene H.
Dooman, counselor of the United
States Embassy, and Japanese Vice
Foreign Minister Eigi Amau.
It came as the Japan Times and
Advertiser, foreign office mouthpiece,
described the Churchill-Roosevelt
peace aimsmdeclarations and their
subsequent message to Joseph Stalin
as an attempt to break down the
United States neutrality act and in-
cite Russia against Japan.
Assailed By 'Press
The entire Japanese press assailed
Russian-British-United States col-
laboration and displayed reports Chi-
nese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek
would visit .Moscow.
The influential newspaper Nichi
Nichi said that "if the Anglo-Ameri-
cans are dead set against Japan's
course, Japan has no other way than
to break through obstacles by her
own power."
The foreign office was known to
be studying closely the Washington
State Department's announcement
Saturday that Japan had refused to
permit 100 Americans to leave the
country on the liner President Cool-
idge. ;(Secretary of State Hull said
in Washington that Japan had thus
far given no satisfactory explana-
tion for the refusal.)
Permits Are Required
A government order yesterday that
aliens hereafter must obtain police
authorization to leave the country
complicated the situation. Previously
they had been required merely to
notify the police.
Japanese said their position had
not been presented clearly by the
Washington st'atement and offered
several unofficial explanations for
refusal to grant the President Cool-
idge clearance papers if the 100
Americans were on board.
One was that Japan would not
want United States opinion stirred
up by such publicity as attended the
arrival of the liner Washington at
New York July 13, 1940, with 2,000
refugees from Europe.
It was not known whether Giw
requested the conference or whether
he was summoned by Toyoda, but
Grew was believed to be acting on
instructions from Washington.
Among the Japanese press state-
ments was a report by the Domei
Agency that Chiang Kai-shek's gov-
ernment was planning to establish
14 air bases with British and Ameri-
can aid. Domei also reported from
Hongkong that 5,000 American trucks
had arrived at Rangoon for service
on Cehina's Burma ,nnoa
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'Good Neighbors At School':
Ecuadorean Writer Advocates,
Greater Exchange Of Students
To Offset Axis Move Into Dakar:
Direct U.S. Warplane Ferries
To Africa Proposed F.D.R.
Regular exchanges of students be-
tween the United States and the
Latin American countries is one of
the strongest guaranties for hemi-
sphere solidarity, according to Senor
Miguel Albornoz, columnist for El
Comericio, prominent Quito newspa-
per.
Senor Albornoz, who is attinding
the Latin American summer school
here, indicated that a great deal of
misunderstanding exists between the
republics of this hemisphere.
"Too many Americans believe that
we of Latin America are an uncivil-
ized peoples," he said. "We are often
.asklrd if we ha.ve automnhiles a.nd
those of North America, Senor Al-
bornoz observed.
Only by living in a country for sev-
eral months can one really under-
stand that country, he continued.
"We have learned much in our stay
here in the United States, and each
of us shall return to South America
as an ambassador of good will," ac-
cording to Senor Albornoz.
But that is not sufficient, he cau-
tioned. To foster a better relation-
ship, the United States must send
more students to the southern repub-
lics under student exchange fellow-
ships. Nor will this be difficult, he
nmintedouat. for livine is much chean-
WASHINGTON, Aug. 18.-(A)-In
a far-reaching step to offset any Ger-
man move to, French Dakar and to
strengthen British forces in the Mid-
dle East, President Roosevelt an-'
nounced plans today to ferry Ameri-
can war planes to West Africa and on
to the Middle East front.
The White House announcement,
which quickly followed the Presi-
dent's return from his historic sea
conferences with Prime Minister
Winston Churchill, described the new
service as 'an important step to
speed delivery of planes direct to the
Middle East." t
However, it was considered impor-
tant also for its effect in neutralizing
LONDON, Aug. 18.-(IP)-The mys-
tery of what happened to the un-
shapely fedora Harry Hopkins wore
to London was as deep as ever to-
night, but some light was shed on
how he happened to get a sartorially
superior replacement initialed W.S.C.
The old hat vanished somewhere
.d~ ~-,., fh mni rhil n TInrlr , c
The White House said, the ferry sys-
tem and a companion transport serv-
ice would "provide direct and speedy
delivery of aircraft from the 'arsenal
of democracy' to a critical point in
the front against aggression."
Pan-American will ferry the planes
fron the United States to West Africa
and thence to the Middle East, also
establishing an air transport service
fromaWest Africa to the Midde East.
It plans to arrange a similar trans-
port service to West Africa.
"Planes owned by the United States
government will be used by Pan-
American," the announcement said,
"and they will be operated by Ameri-
can nersonnel The route is so ar-
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