THE MICHIGAN DAILY

MONDAY, JUNE 24,9 40



'HE MICHIGAN DAILY

President Ruthven' s Graduation
"Message To The Class Of 1940

Grin And Bear It

By Lichty


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The Oeld
Order Changeth..

0

T HERE WAS A DAY we all can re-
member when going to "Summer
School" was a prospect looked forward to with
anything but enthusiasm. The idea of spending
long, lazy summer days in the classroom be-
came a torture to the mind; the instructors
were ogres whose chief joy in life was to thwart
our natural impulse to get out in the open and
enjoy the sports that summer offered. And
the curriculum was one which would dismay
the most ardent scholar. We went to school
regretfully; we went home rejicing that an-
other spell of imprisonment was over.
But the old order changeth, and makes way'
for summer school, University 'of Michigan
style. Here the forty-seventh annual Summer
Session extends a welcoming hand to students
and faculty, offering them the facilities of the
University to carry on their studies, supple-
mented by guest instructors from colleges and
universities all over the country. Special insti-
tutes and programs invite the attention of each
student and embrace every conceivable field
of interest. These broad programs, adminis-
tered by the best men in each field, have in the
past embraced Far Eastern Studies, Renaissance
Studies, Latin-American Studies. This year, as
the eyes of the world turn toward America as
the last great stronghold of freedom, democracy
and peace, the Summer Session offers a study
program of American Culture and Institutions.
Having as its aim the interpretation, definition
and appraisal of fundamental elements in
American culture and institutions and analysis
of the forces which have shaped the course
of American life to the present day, the pro-
gram will embrace work in English, Economics,
geography, History, Philosophy, Political Sci-
ence and Sociology. A lecture series, open to
the public, and supplemented for students in
the program by round-table discussions and
conferences, promises to make this one of the
highlights of educational activities in this coun-
tr'y.
THE LINGUISTIC INSTITUTE held under the
joint auspices of the University and the
Linguistic Society of America, the sixth annual
Conference on Religion which will offer laymen
in the Summer Session a series of lectures and
forums on religion in our time, the Deutsches
Haus (German Language Center) and the Foyer
Francais (French Language Center) which will
provide students of these languages an oppor-
tunity to develop their facility in conversation,
combine to make this one of the most profitable
of the Summer Session's 47 years.
But when considering the activities of the
Summer Session mention must be made of the
many camps which carry on specialized activity
in the field during the summer. Camps for
foresters, biologists, engineers, geologists are
located in Northern Michigan, Wyoming and
Colorado. In addition to these activities, the
Summer Session includes programs offered in
normal colleges throughout the State.
THE WORK of students here will be carried
on against a background of pleasurable ac-
tivities, made available through the'ideal vaca-
tionland setting of Ann Arbor, the work of the
Michigan Repertory Players, the League and
the Art Cinema League.
The 47th annual Summer Session will prove
a valuable educational and recreational period
for all students.
The Summer
Session Daily..
HE SUMMER SESSION.DAILYwill
appear regularly every day of the
wrele with the excetion of Monday.

MY MESSAGE today is a twofold one. One
part is addressed to your sucessors; the
other is specifically for you.
To those young people who are planning t'
enter or return to the University next year I
issue this warning: Michigan welcomes only
students who are convinced that democracy is
the ideal form of government for a civilized
people. She will not be confused by sophistries
built around meaningful but ill-defined phrases,
such as "freedom of the press" and "freedom
of speech," but will deal firmly, without fear
or favor, with subversive or so-called "fifth
column" activities.
"True freedom consists with the observance
of law," and unlawful acts cannot be justified
by differences in ideologies. Honest discussion
is a valuable method of education, but is to be
clearly distinguished from propaganda. The
University of Michigan is an institution of the
people, and its staff must continue to insist
that Americans who prefer to live under other
forms of government are in spirit unfriendly
aliens who have no right to the benefits pro-
vided by our schools.
Now, may I speak directly to you.
Only Earnest Souls
F I WERE a king or, to be more modern, 4
dictator, I would issue an edict that none
but earnest souls be permitted to address stu-
dents on these and similar occasions. I would
make sure that speakers under consideration
appreciated their responsibilities and questioned
their fitness for the task. I would favor those
who could be counted on to feel, as they faced
their audience, that they might have done well
to have stayed at home, and, as they finished,
that their listeners probably shared their feel-
ing. If you will accept these opinions as criteria
to govern the choice of speaker, I assure you I
am not out of place on this platform. The prayer
in my heart as I came here today was recorded
by an Egyptian scribe two thousand years before
Christ: "Would I had phrases that are not
known, utterances that are strange, a new lan-
guage that hath not been used, free from repe-
tition, not an utterance which hath grown stale,
which men of old have spoken."
While my prayer has not been answered, of
some things I am confident. To indulge in
platitudes, to pretend to a knowledge of econ-
omies, political science, or sociology only pos-
sessed by specialists, or to assume the role of
prophet, age, or seer would not be appropriate,
for I trust that you have been trained to detect
sham, to analyze propaganda, and to prick the
bubble of conceit. To fail to be frank with you,
to argue for the status quo, or to attempt, by
rattling the dry bones of human failure, to
frighten you into accepting generalizations of
doubtful validity would hazard your resentment
as an affront to the intellectual honesty which
your instructors have assisted you to acquire.
There remains for me, however, one theme
which can never become outmoded, and which
may appropriately be discussed by an educator
who has faith in the ability of the human race
ultimately to raise itself above a barbarism in
which men act in ignorance and on impulse
to a civilization in which they act on knowledge
and principle. I refer to the responsibility of
the trained individual in a communal group.
Specifically, I propose today to speak of one of
the factors which tend to destroy the natural
assets of youth and to vitiate the advantages
of education-the mental and spiritual degen-
eration which often comes with age.
We Live Democratically
WE in the Unitdd States have chosen to live
in a democracy. Admittedly, our efforts
have to this time produced only a blundering,
inefficient, and otherwise obviously imperfect
organization. The important consideration,
however, is that we still desire and struggle to
govern ourselves in ways which will preserve
maximum freedom of thought, initiative, and
action consistent with happy and peaceful com-
munal living: to achieve, in the words of Thomas
Mann, "that form of government and of so-
ciety which is inspired above every other with
the feeling and consciousness of the dignity of
man." We have also understood that education
is an essential activity of democracy. Although
we have not always fully appreciated the im-

portance of training the individual for the re-
sponsibilities of citizenship, we have held to the
concept that self-government demands for its
competent expression wide distribution of all
available knowledge and the ability to use it.
But, if for so much we may accept credit, we
can, no longer be content with the slowness of
our progress and the blind optimism which has
assumed that we are sufficiently rich, power-
ful, and isolated to be able safely to dawdle
along toward Utopia.
Recent events have shocked us into the real-
ization that an apparent general incapacity of
historic democratic institutions to deal effec-
tively with problems in a period of rapid change
challenges, the very existence of representative
government. Unless all signs fail, a world-wide
outbreak of an ancient struggle is impending--
a conflict between two ideologies-individual
freedom and regimentation. If this is true, it
scarcely needs to be argued that the safety of
democracy in America requires not only an
immediate tightening of its defenses, but, more
importantly, a vigorous offensive, involving an
improvement of practices. The schools ar(d
other social agencies must reject the concept
of social and moral neutrality and both teach
and exemplify the principles of self-government.

the task of improving our efforts to govern
ourselves.
The Young Person's Difficulty
AS YOUNG PEOPLE it will not be hard for
you to understand the responsibility of in-
dividuals to strive honestly and effectively to
apply the ethical concepts, values, and outlooks
of democracy to their lives and institutions. Your
difficulty will be that as your hair changes color
and you are forced to become better acquainted
with your dentist, you will tend to become too
myopic to see far beyond your own interests.
I venture the opinion that, despite all the trials
with which they are afflicted, the schools are
doing increasingly well the work of inculcating
in their students self-confidence, love of free-
dom, belief in the right of free discussion and
criticism, respect for fair-mindedness and hon-
esty, and devotion to the common good. The
main obstacle to their greater service has been,
and bids fair to continue to be, lack of support
of adults who have abandoned their youthful
convictions and refuse to be bothered about the
state of the nation, except to complain about
it, or to reenize their obligations to society,
except to obey such laws as they cannot evade.
In short, our failure to improve our attempts at
self-government is an important part attribut-
able to our lack of success in carrying over the
valuable attributes of youth and the benefits of
education beyond Commencement Day-with a
consequent unlovely narrowing of the mind and
a depressing spiritual backsliding.
Youth is normally characterized by flexibility
of mind, enthusiasm, curiosity, frankness and
courage. These traits, often misi'terpreted as
symptoms of a dangerous radicalism in times
of fear and hysteria, good schools and wise
teachers value and cherish, for they are the
hope of the world. They are indications of
spiritual health and intellectual vigor. But,
unfortunately, in our civilization, when a man
seriously takes up the business of making a liv-
ing, he is inclined to become timid, conservative,
selfish, mentally lazy, narrow-minded, and opin-
ionated, just as he is prone to develop adipose
tissue and hardening of the arteries. He often
becomes more individualistic and less socially
minded. He is discovered in attempts to jus-
tify his failure to be true to the ideals of his
youth by appeals to practicability and the edu-
cational value of experience. He ignores what
he has been taught that, in resorting to this
type of rationalization, he is merely salving his
conscience and conditioning himself to things
as they are.
Young Minds Must Change
THERE IS LITTLE HOPE for the democratic
order unless young minds refuse to undergo
deterioration. Education is little more than
preparation for a trade if its social values are
to be lost in large part shortly after graduation.
If injustice, prejudice, bigotry, and selfishness
are inevitably to prevail in adult life, some form
of totalitarianism is probably called for in com-
munal living and at any rate is good enough
for us. If we are to have and to deserve the
freedom which it is the aim of democracy to
provide, then we must somehow retain the faith,
zeal, and flexibility of trained young minds.
Fortunately, while we cannot turn back the
hands of the clock or halt our march to the
grave, we can, barring accident and disease,
and indeed in spite of these, preserve and in-
crease our power of intellect and grow in wisdom
throughout our lives. Study, observation, and
experience, together with serious thinking and
discussion, may be counted upon to keep the
mind active, the ideals untarnished, and faith
in man's destiny sufficiently lively to demand
the works without which it is dead. Most im-
portant of all, these factors will produce a skilled
social unit-the individual who can live happily
both with his fellows and himself.
A great tragedy of mankind is the persistence.
of' the age-old delusion that social progress can
be ensured by organization and force, that en-
during peace, justice, and security can be had
by formula. Sound social advancement is a
product of peace, and peace is inspired by
tranquil minds. Petrarch tells us that "five
great enemies of peace inhabit with us, namely,
avarice, ambition, envy, anger, and pride. If
those enemies were to be banished, we should

infallibly enjoy perpetual peace." These traits,
the causes of conflict, indicate undisciplinedi
minds, uninformed minds, stultified minds$
minds willing to sacrifice principles for the ease
of complacency. Continued training and self-
discipline can banish them and give to the in-
dividual that inner peace which makes him a
dependable unit of an evolving civilization in
which to an ever-increasing extent tastes are
cultivated, "manners refined, views broadened,
and natures spiritualized."
Members of the Class of 1940, in behalf of
your instructors, as you leave these halls, I
deliver an admonition, voice a wish, and promise
you a reward.
Democracy Must Improve
A DEMOCRACY cannot be static. When it
ceases to improve, it begins to break down.
Its improvement is possibly only as its citizens
become increasingly worthy to govern them-
selves. Thus, you are to remember that a good
citizen is one whose mind is always in the
making.
Our hope for' you is our hope for the demo-
cratic order, that you will always be of. the
group of men "who never seem to grow olf.
Always active in thought, always ready to
adopt new ideas, they are never chargeable with
fogyism. Satisfied, yet ever dissatisfied, settled,
vet ever.unsettled. they always niov th eet

"We had to give him an honorary degree in science-he's financing
six halfbacks in the engineering schools!'"
Calendar Of The W~eek
Monday
7:45 P.M. Square and Country Dancing. Benjamin B. Lovett, Edison
Institute, Dearborn. (Michigan League Ballroom.) Free.
Tuesday
7:30 P.M. Beginners' Class in Social Dancing. (Michigan League
Ballroom.)
8:00 P.M. Duplicate Bridge. (Michigan League.) Anyone wishing to
to play is invited. Come with or without partners.
Wednesday
3:30-5:30 P.M. Dancing. (Michigan League Ballroom.) Free of
charge. Come with or without partners.
7:30 P.M. Intermediate Dancing Class. (Michigan League Ballroom.)
8:30 P.M. "The Critic" by Richard Brinsley Sheridan. (Lydia Men-
delssohn Theatre.)
Thursday
2:00 P.M. Excursion No. 1-Tour of Campus. Inspection of General
Library, Clements Library of Early American History, Cook Legal
Research Library and other buildings of the Law Quadrangle,
Michigan Union, Burton Memorial Tower, Aeronautical Laboratory,
Naval Tank and other points of interest. Explanatory talks will
be given by those in charge. Trip ends at 4:45 P.M. There is no
charge for this excursion.
7:15 P.M. Concert on the Charles Baird Carillon.
8:00 P.M. Bridge Lessons. (Michigan League.)
8:30 P.M. "The Critic." (Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre.)
Friday
8:30 P.M. "The Critic." (Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre.) General Re-
ception of the Faculty to the Students of the Summer Session.
(Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies.)
9:00 P.M. Social Evening. (Michigan League Ballroom.) Free of,
charge. Come with or without partners.
Saturday
8:00 A.M. Excursion No. 2-A Day in Detroit. Detroit Institute of
Arts, Detroit Public Library, tour of Belle Isle, Fisher Building,
inspection of Radio Broadcasting Station WJR,# and. Detroit Zoo-
logical Park. Round trip by bus. Reservations in Summer Session
office, Angell Hall. Trip ends at 5:30 P.M., Ann Arbor.
8:30 P.M. "The Critic." (Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre.)
9:00 P.M. Social Evening. (Michigan League Ballroom. Come with
or without partners.
The Straight DopNe
By Himself

I 1-
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DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
All notices for the Daily Official
Bulletin are to be sent to the Office
of the Summer Session before 3:30
P.M. of the day preceding its pub-
lication except on Saturday when
the notices should be submitted be-
fore 11:30 A.M.
College of Literature, Science, and
The Arts, School of Music, and
School of Education: Students who
received marks of I or X at the close
of their last semester or summer
session of attendance will receive a
grade of E in the course unless this
Work is made up by July 24th. Stu-
dents wishing an extension of time
beyond this date in order to make
up the work should file a petition
addressed to the appropriate official
in their school with Room 4 U. H.
where it will be transmitted.
Summer Session Orchestra: Open
to all who can qualify. No fee. Re-
hearsals daily except Saturday. 2:30
to 4:00 P.M. Lane Hall.
Waterman (Men's) Gymnasium on
the Campus: The building will be
open during the Summer Session for
exercise and shower baths. Locker
fee-50c; towel fee-50c; towel fee
is refunded on return of last towel.
Secure tickets at cashier's office,
south wing, University Hall, Camps.
Gymnasium closing hours: Main
floor-5:30 p.m.; Building-6:00 p.m.
Phi Delta Kappa will hold the first
of its weekly Summer Session lunch-
eons on Tuesday, June 25, at 12:10
in the Michigan Union. Dr. Ma-
comber, Professor of Education and
Director of the University High
School at the University of Oregon,
will speak on the subject, "Miscon-
ceptions About Progressive Educa-
tion." Important aspects of Phi Delta
Kappa's plans for its summer pro-
gram will be announced at the
luncheon.
Summer Session Chorus: Open to
all University students. Tuesdays;7
to 8 P.M. School of Music A di-
torium.
German House Tuesday night,
June 25, there will be a meeting of
the summer German Club at the
German House 1315 Hill Street. A
summer program of activities will
be annouriced. All students of Ger-
man and all those interested in Ger-
man including faculty members are
cordially invited to attend this meet-
ing.
Cercle Francais: An organization
meeting will be held Wednesday,
June 26th at 8 o'clock at the Foyer
Francais, 1414 Washtenaw (near the
corner of South University). An ex-
ecutive committee will be selected.
There will be a talk, group singing
of French songs, refreshmehts. Stu-
dents from all departments who are
interested in French are cordially in-
vited to join the Cercle Application
should be made directly to Professor
Jobin, Room 405, Romance Lan-
guages Bldg.
A Tour of the Campus will be held
on- Thursday, June 27, at 2:00 P.M.
Anyone enrolled in the University
may attend. The party meets in the
or by of Angell Hall, facing on State
.treet. There is no charge for this
excursion. The trip ends at 4:45 P.M.

WE NOTED with some alarm the1
other day that no less than two1
million of our mothers are taking
up arms to defend us from parachuteI
troops whose arrival the embattledt
parents seem to regard as imminent.
We hear that officers of the Navalr
Reserve are instructing the ladies in
the proper use of firearms and inr
strategical maneuvers designed to
discomfit the enemy. The organiza-
tion is called the National Legion of4
Mothers of America, and its nation-
al president is no less a figure thant
Kathleen Norris. The goal of the
group is that all two million women
shall own in their own names a rifle
or other firearm. According to a
regional director every state in the
Union will soon have a women's
rifle corps.
W1e are in favor of defending the
homeland at any cost; let that face
be put on the record at the outset.
B{t whether or not we can contem-
prate the sight of our mothers and
our friends' mothers owning and
possessing in their own names deadly
firearms which the United States
government has trained them to use
;.s a point we think we shall have to
consult dad on before we core to
any definite decision.. Just at the
moment our reaction is somewhat
,.oubtful, not to say scared. In the
words of Patrick Henry "Against
whom are these mighty armaments
directed?" The possibility of mother
do:Lg 'her bit by sitting out on a
7+ .. fl n{-,.a r~y f + m if n ~ .,o

pleasant hillside potting off the Hit-
ler boys is all very fmi, but what if
moth r suddenly gets a'ngry' at Mrs.
McGilicuddy down tie block? We
fto not.like Mrs. Ma Qdicuddy either,
she c rce got us a whipping ;or run-'
ning on her lawn, but we do not
want her shot, Mother,, we have eve-
ry reason to suspect, does. In fact
we fear that civil strife of the sort
that broke out in the Ladies Aid last
year might well prove an inducement
to the Hitler boys rather than the
opposite. Surely the prospect of two
million ladies shooting each other
up indiscriminately is one to make,
an interloper howl in hysterical glee.
BESIDES, we fear that in no time
there would be a Young Matron's
Auxiliary and after that the Virgin's
Training Society and while we have
no vested interest in the Young Ma-
trons we would hate to see any fur-
ther developments along the line we
charted above. We prefer to do our
own training and we are definitely
opposed to intrusting any training of
our women to the United States
Naval Reserve or indeed to -the Reg-
ular Army itself.
In addition to this the effect on
the training unit itself ought to be
considered. We remember when
mother learned to drive. Father is
a brave and able man but he failed
miserably. Two gents from the
agency gave the job up. Finally a
Russian expatriate took it up and
finished the job but he actually said
that he preferred going through the
,,'vninfon1o , ir nv m r ,. ml,, ,mn,,

Tony's Diplomacy
Needed In Italy
Tony, we admit, is a bit of a dic-
tator. That is, when it comes to
gardens. He knows why furrows have
to run this way , and why flowers are
best in that place. But Tony is a
diplomat. He has a finer Italian hand
for diplomacy than some people we
know about. Note the "border inci-
dent" of June 11, the day after Mus-
solini had taken his trusting people
into war.
The border is defined by a hedge.
The incident concerned flowers. The
lady-next-door had given Tony's elp-
poyer a generous number of plants.
Then the L. N. D. offered more flow-
ers to Tony also, for him to take
home to his own garden on Cottage
Street. Tony blandly accepted them.
Later his employer found him plant-
ing the flowers in a secluded spot on
the employer's grounds.
"But, Tony, they were intended for
your own garden!" she protested.
"Oh, me," he shrugged, "I got plenty
of flowers. But if she don't need
them, why I not take them for you?
She won't see them way over here."
"Diplomacy"-see Webster-Im-
plies double dealing. In a way, we
suppose, Tony is just another diplo-
mat. But Il Duce might learn a
thing or two from him. It is the dip-
lomacy of Italy's Tonies rather than
of its Duces that will preserve Italy's
place in the sun of a world's affec-
tion.
- The Christian Science Monitor
Threat To Democracy
There has been no closer approach
to European totalitarianism in the
United States than the order just